Fixed #10929 -- Added default argument to aggregates.

Thanks to Simon Charette and Adam Johnson for the reviews.

django/contrib/postgres/aggregates/general.py

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ class ArrayAgg(OrderableAggMixin, Aggregate):
         return ArrayField(self.source_expressions[0].output_field)
 
     def convert_value(self, value, expression, connection):
-        if not value:
+        if value is None and self.default is None:
             return []
         return value
 
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class JSONBAgg(OrderableAggMixin, Aggregate):
     output_field = JSONField()
 
     def convert_value(self, value, expression, connection):
-        if not value:
+        if value is None and self.default is None:
             return '[]'
         return value
 
@@ -63,6 +63,6 @@ class StringAgg(OrderableAggMixin, Aggregate):
         super().__init__(expression, delimiter_expr, **extra)
 
     def convert_value(self, value, expression, connection):
-        if not value:
+        if value is None and self.default is None:
             return ''
         return value

django/contrib/postgres/aggregates/statistics.py

@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ __all__ = [
 class StatAggregate(Aggregate):
     output_field = FloatField()
 
-    def __init__(self, y, x, output_field=None, filter=None):
+    def __init__(self, y, x, output_field=None, filter=None, default=None):
         if not x or not y:
             raise ValueError('Both y and x must be provided.')
-        super().__init__(y, x, output_field=output_field, filter=filter)
+        super().__init__(y, x, output_field=output_field, filter=filter, default=default)
 
 
 class Corr(StatAggregate):
@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@ class Corr(StatAggregate):
 
 
 class CovarPop(StatAggregate):
-    def __init__(self, y, x, sample=False, filter=None):
+    def __init__(self, y, x, sample=False, filter=None, default=None):
         self.function = 'COVAR_SAMP' if sample else 'COVAR_POP'
-        super().__init__(y, x, filter=filter)
+        super().__init__(y, x, filter=filter, default=default)
 
 
 class RegrAvgX(StatAggregate):

django/db/backends/mysql/features.py

@@ -88,6 +88,17 @@ class DatabaseFeatures(BaseDatabaseFeatures):
                     'annotations.tests.NonAggregateAnnotationTestCase.test_annotation_aggregate_with_m2o',
                 },
             })
+        if not self.connection.mysql_is_mariadb and self.connection.mysql_version < (8,):
+            skips.update({
+                'Casting to datetime/time is not supported by MySQL < 8.0. (#30224)': {
+                    'aggregation.tests.AggregateTestCase.test_aggregation_default_using_time_from_python',
+                    'aggregation.tests.AggregateTestCase.test_aggregation_default_using_datetime_from_python',
+                },
+                'MySQL < 8.0 returns string type instead of datetime/time. (#30224)': {
+                    'aggregation.tests.AggregateTestCase.test_aggregation_default_using_time_from_database',
+                    'aggregation.tests.AggregateTestCase.test_aggregation_default_using_datetime_from_database',
+                },
+            })
         if (
             self.connection.mysql_is_mariadb and
             (10, 4, 3) < self.connection.mysql_version < (10, 5, 2)

django/db/models/aggregates.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ Classes to represent the definitions of aggregate functions.
 from django.core.exceptions import FieldError
 from django.db.models.expressions import Case, Func, Star, When
 from django.db.models.fields import IntegerField
+from django.db.models.functions.comparison import Coalesce
 from django.db.models.functions.mixins import (
     FixDurationInputMixin, NumericOutputFieldMixin,
 )
@@ -22,11 +23,14 @@ class Aggregate(Func):
     allow_distinct = False
     empty_aggregate_value = None
 
-    def __init__(self, *expressions, distinct=False, filter=None, **extra):
+    def __init__(self, *expressions, distinct=False, filter=None, default=None, **extra):
         if distinct and not self.allow_distinct:
             raise TypeError("%s does not allow distinct." % self.__class__.__name__)
+        if default is not None and self.empty_aggregate_value is not None:
+            raise TypeError(f'{self.__class__.__name__} does not allow default.')
         self.distinct = distinct
         self.filter = filter
+        self.default = default
         super().__init__(*expressions, **extra)
 
     def get_source_fields(self):
@@ -56,7 +60,12 @@ class Aggregate(Func):
                     before_resolved = self.get_source_expressions()[index]
                     name = before_resolved.name if hasattr(before_resolved, 'name') else repr(before_resolved)
                     raise FieldError("Cannot compute %s('%s'): '%s' is an aggregate" % (c.name, name, name))
-        return c
+        if (default := c.default) is None:
+            return c
+        if hasattr(default, 'resolve_expression'):
+            default = default.resolve_expression(query, allow_joins, reuse, summarize)
+        c.default = None  # Reset the default argument before wrapping.
+        return Coalesce(c, default, output_field=c._output_field_or_none)
 
     @property
     def default_alias(self):

docs/ref/contrib/postgres/aggregates.txt

@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ module. They are described in more detail in the `PostgreSQL docs
 
 .. admonition:: Common aggregate options
 
-    All aggregates have the :ref:`filter <aggregate-filter>` keyword
-    argument.
+    All aggregates have the :ref:`filter <aggregate-filter>` keyword argument
+    and most also have the :ref:`default <aggregate-default>` keyword argument.
 
 General-purpose aggregation functions
 =====================================
@@ -28,9 +28,10 @@ General-purpose aggregation functions
 ``ArrayAgg``
 ------------
 
-.. class:: ArrayAgg(expression, distinct=False, filter=None, ordering=(), **extra)
+.. class:: ArrayAgg(expression, distinct=False, filter=None, default=None, ordering=(), **extra)
 
-    Returns a list of values, including nulls, concatenated into an array.
+    Returns a list of values, including nulls, concatenated into an array, or
+    ``default`` if there are no values.
 
     .. attribute:: distinct
 
@@ -54,26 +55,26 @@ General-purpose aggregation functions
 ``BitAnd``
 ----------
 
-.. class:: BitAnd(expression, filter=None, **extra)
+.. class:: BitAnd(expression, filter=None, default=None, **extra)
 
     Returns an ``int`` of the bitwise ``AND`` of all non-null input values, or
-    ``None`` if all values are null.
+    ``default`` if all values are null.
 
 ``BitOr``
 ---------
 
-.. class:: BitOr(expression, filter=None, **extra)
+.. class:: BitOr(expression, filter=None, default=None, **extra)
 
     Returns an ``int`` of the bitwise ``OR`` of all non-null input values, or
-    ``None`` if all values are null.
+    ``default`` if all values are null.
 
 ``BoolAnd``
 -----------
 
-.. class:: BoolAnd(expression, filter=None, **extra)
+.. class:: BoolAnd(expression, filter=None, default=None, **extra)
 
-    Returns ``True``, if all input values are true, ``None`` if all values are
-    null or if there are no values, otherwise ``False`` .
+    Returns ``True``, if all input values are true, ``default`` if all values
+    are null or if there are no values, otherwise ``False``.
 
     Usage example::
 
@@ -92,9 +93,9 @@ General-purpose aggregation functions
 ``BoolOr``
 ----------
 
-.. class:: BoolOr(expression, filter=None, **extra)
+.. class:: BoolOr(expression, filter=None, default=None, **extra)
 
-    Returns ``True`` if at least one input value is true, ``None`` if all
+    Returns ``True`` if at least one input value is true, ``default`` if all
     values are null or if there are no values, otherwise ``False``.
 
     Usage example::
@@ -114,9 +115,10 @@ General-purpose aggregation functions
 ``JSONBAgg``
 ------------
 
-.. class:: JSONBAgg(expressions, distinct=False, filter=None, ordering=(), **extra)
+.. class:: JSONBAgg(expressions, distinct=False, filter=None, default=None, ordering=(), **extra)
 
-    Returns the input values as a ``JSON`` array.
+    Returns the input values as a ``JSON`` array, or ``default`` if there are
+    no values.
 
     .. attribute:: distinct
 
@@ -139,10 +141,10 @@ General-purpose aggregation functions
 ``StringAgg``
 -------------
 
-.. class:: StringAgg(expression, delimiter, distinct=False, filter=None, ordering=())
+.. class:: StringAgg(expression, delimiter, distinct=False, filter=None, default=None, ordering=())
 
     Returns the input values concatenated into a string, separated by
-    the ``delimiter`` string.
+    the ``delimiter`` string, or ``default`` if there are no values.
 
     .. attribute:: delimiter
 
@@ -174,17 +176,17 @@ field or an expression returning a numeric data. Both are required.
 ``Corr``
 --------
 
-.. class:: Corr(y, x, filter=None)
+.. class:: Corr(y, x, filter=None, default=None)
 
-    Returns the correlation coefficient as a ``float``, or ``None`` if there
+    Returns the correlation coefficient as a ``float``, or ``default`` if there
     aren't any matching rows.
 
 ``CovarPop``
 ------------
 
-.. class:: CovarPop(y, x, sample=False, filter=None)
+.. class:: CovarPop(y, x, sample=False, filter=None, default=None)
 
-    Returns the population covariance as a ``float``, or ``None`` if there
+    Returns the population covariance as a ``float``, or ``default`` if there
     aren't any matching rows.
 
     Has one optional argument:
@@ -198,18 +200,18 @@ field or an expression returning a numeric data. Both are required.
 ``RegrAvgX``
 ------------
 
-.. class:: RegrAvgX(y, x, filter=None)
+.. class:: RegrAvgX(y, x, filter=None, default=None)
 
     Returns the average of the independent variable (``sum(x)/N``) as a
-    ``float``, or ``None`` if there aren't any matching rows.
+    ``float``, or ``default`` if there aren't any matching rows.
 
 ``RegrAvgY``
 ------------
 
-.. class:: RegrAvgY(y, x, filter=None)
+.. class:: RegrAvgY(y, x, filter=None, default=None)
 
     Returns the average of the dependent variable (``sum(y)/N``) as a
-    ``float``, or ``None`` if there aren't any matching rows.
+    ``float``, or ``default`` if there aren't any matching rows.
 
 ``RegrCount``
 -------------
@@ -219,56 +221,60 @@ field or an expression returning a numeric data. Both are required.
     Returns an ``int`` of the number of input rows in which both expressions
     are not null.
 
+    .. note::
+
+        The ``default`` argument is not supported.
+
 ``RegrIntercept``
 -----------------
 
-.. class:: RegrIntercept(y, x, filter=None)
+.. class:: RegrIntercept(y, x, filter=None, default=None)
 
     Returns the y-intercept of the least-squares-fit linear equation determined
-    by the ``(x, y)`` pairs as a ``float``, or ``None`` if there aren't any
+    by the ``(x, y)`` pairs as a ``float``, or ``default`` if there aren't any
     matching rows.
 
 ``RegrR2``
 ----------
 
-.. class:: RegrR2(y, x, filter=None)
+.. class:: RegrR2(y, x, filter=None, default=None)
 
     Returns the square of the correlation coefficient as a ``float``, or
-    ``None`` if there aren't any matching rows.
+    ``default`` if there aren't any matching rows.
 
 ``RegrSlope``
 -------------
 
-.. class:: RegrSlope(y, x, filter=None)
+.. class:: RegrSlope(y, x, filter=None, default=None)
 
     Returns the slope of the least-squares-fit linear equation determined
-    by the ``(x, y)`` pairs as a ``float``, or ``None`` if there aren't any
+    by the ``(x, y)`` pairs as a ``float``, or ``default`` if there aren't any
     matching rows.
 
 ``RegrSXX``
 -----------
 
-.. class:: RegrSXX(y, x, filter=None)
+.. class:: RegrSXX(y, x, filter=None, default=None)
 
     Returns ``sum(x^2) - sum(x)^2/N`` ("sum of squares" of the independent
-    variable) as a ``float``, or ``None`` if there aren't any matching rows.
+    variable) as a ``float``, or ``default`` if there aren't any matching rows.
 
 ``RegrSXY``
 -----------
 
-.. class:: RegrSXY(y, x, filter=None)
+.. class:: RegrSXY(y, x, filter=None, default=None)
 
     Returns ``sum(x*y) - sum(x) * sum(y)/N`` ("sum of products" of independent
-    times dependent variable) as a ``float``, or ``None`` if there aren't any
-    matching rows.
+    times dependent variable) as a ``float``, or ``default`` if there aren't
+    any matching rows.
 
 ``RegrSYY``
 -----------
 
-.. class:: RegrSYY(y, x, filter=None)
+.. class:: RegrSYY(y, x, filter=None, default=None)
 
     Returns ``sum(y^2) - sum(y)^2/N`` ("sum of squares" of the dependent
-    variable)  as a ``float``, or ``None`` if there aren't any matching rows.
+    variable) as a ``float``, or ``default`` if there aren't any matching rows.
 
 Usage examples
 ==============

docs/ref/models/database-functions.txt

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ will result in a database error.
 Usage examples::
 
     >>> # Get a screen name from least to most public
-    >>> from django.db.models import Sum, Value as V
+    >>> from django.db.models import Sum
     >>> from django.db.models.functions import Coalesce
     >>> Author.objects.create(name='Margaret Smith', goes_by='Maggie')
     >>> author = Author.objects.annotate(
@@ -68,13 +68,18 @@ Usage examples::
     Maggie
 
     >>> # Prevent an aggregate Sum() from returning None
+    >>> # The aggregate default argument uses Coalesce() under the hood.
     >>> aggregated = Author.objects.aggregate(
-    ...    combined_age=Coalesce(Sum('age'), V(0)),
-    ...    combined_age_default=Sum('age'))
+    ...    combined_age=Sum('age'),
+    ...    combined_age_default=Sum('age', default=0),
+    ...    combined_age_coalesce=Coalesce(Sum('age'), 0),
+    ... )
     >>> print(aggregated['combined_age'])
-    0
-    >>> print(aggregated['combined_age_default'])
     None
+    >>> print(aggregated['combined_age_default'])
+    0
+    >>> print(aggregated['combined_age_coalesce'])
+    0
 
 .. warning::
 

docs/ref/models/expressions.txt

@@ -393,7 +393,7 @@ some complex computations::
 
 The ``Aggregate`` API is as follows:
 
-.. class:: Aggregate(*expressions, output_field=None, distinct=False, filter=None, **extra)
+.. class:: Aggregate(*expressions, output_field=None, distinct=False, filter=None, default=None, **extra)
 
     .. attribute:: template
 
@@ -452,6 +452,11 @@ The ``filter`` argument takes a :class:`Q object <django.db.models.Q>` that's
 used to filter the rows that are aggregated. See :ref:`conditional-aggregation`
 and :ref:`filtering-on-annotations` for example usage.
 
+The ``default`` argument takes a value that will be passed along with the
+aggregate to :class:`~django.db.models.functions.Coalesce`. This is useful for
+specifying a value to be returned other than ``None`` when the queryset (or
+grouping) contains no entries.
+
 The ``**extra`` kwargs are ``key=value`` pairs that can be interpolated
 into the ``template`` attribute.
 
@@ -459,6 +464,10 @@ into the ``template`` attribute.
 
     Support for transforms of the field was added.
 
+.. versionchanged:: 4.0
+
+    The ``default`` argument was added.
+
 Creating your own Aggregate Functions
 -------------------------------------
 

docs/ref/models/querysets.txt

@@ -3540,8 +3540,10 @@ documentation to learn how to create your aggregates.
 
     Aggregation functions return ``None`` when used with an empty
     ``QuerySet``. For example, the ``Sum`` aggregation function returns ``None``
-    instead of ``0`` if the ``QuerySet`` contains no entries. An exception is
-    ``Count``, which does return ``0`` if the ``QuerySet`` is empty.
+    instead of ``0`` if the ``QuerySet`` contains no entries. To return another
+    value instead, pass a value to the ``default`` argument. An exception is
+    ``Count``, which does return ``0`` if the ``QuerySet`` is empty. ``Count``
+    does not support the ``default`` argument.
 
 All aggregates have the following parameters in common:
 
@@ -3578,6 +3580,16 @@ rows that are aggregated.
 See :ref:`conditional-aggregation` and :ref:`filtering-on-annotations` for
 example usage.
 
+.. _aggregate-default:
+
+``default``
+~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. versionadded:: 4.0
+
+An optional argument that allows specifying a value to use as a default value
+when the queryset (or grouping) contains no entries.
+
 ``**extra``
 ~~~~~~~~~~~
 
@@ -3587,7 +3599,7 @@ by the aggregate.
 ``Avg``
 ~~~~~~~
 
-.. class:: Avg(expression, output_field=None, distinct=False, filter=None, **extra)
+.. class:: Avg(expression, output_field=None, distinct=False, filter=None, default=None, **extra)
 
     Returns the mean value of the given expression, which must be numeric
     unless you specify a different ``output_field``.
@@ -3623,10 +3635,14 @@ by the aggregate.
         This is the SQL equivalent of ``COUNT(DISTINCT <field>)``. The default
         value is ``False``.
 
+    .. note::
+
+        The ``default`` argument is not supported.
+
 ``Max``
 ~~~~~~~
 
-.. class:: Max(expression, output_field=None, filter=None, **extra)
+.. class:: Max(expression, output_field=None, filter=None, default=None, **extra)
 
     Returns the maximum value of the given expression.
 
@@ -3636,7 +3652,7 @@ by the aggregate.
 ``Min``
 ~~~~~~~
 
-.. class:: Min(expression, output_field=None, filter=None, **extra)
+.. class:: Min(expression, output_field=None, filter=None, default=None, **extra)
 
     Returns the minimum value of the given expression.
 
@@ -3646,7 +3662,7 @@ by the aggregate.
 ``StdDev``
 ~~~~~~~~~~
 
-.. class:: StdDev(expression, output_field=None, sample=False, filter=None, **extra)
+.. class:: StdDev(expression, output_field=None, sample=False, filter=None, default=None, **extra)
 
     Returns the standard deviation of the data in the provided expression.
 
@@ -3664,7 +3680,7 @@ by the aggregate.
 ``Sum``
 ~~~~~~~
 
-.. class:: Sum(expression, output_field=None, distinct=False, filter=None, **extra)
+.. class:: Sum(expression, output_field=None, distinct=False, filter=None, default=None, **extra)
 
     Computes the sum of all values of the given expression.
 
@@ -3682,7 +3698,7 @@ by the aggregate.
 ``Variance``
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-.. class:: Variance(expression, output_field=None, sample=False, filter=None, **extra)
+.. class:: Variance(expression, output_field=None, sample=False, filter=None, default=None, **extra)
 
     Returns the variance of the data in the provided expression.
 

docs/releases/4.0.txt

@@ -288,6 +288,10 @@ Models
 * :class:`~django.db.models.Lookup` expressions may now be used in ``QuerySet``
   annotations, aggregations, and directly in filters.
 
+* The new :ref:`default <aggregate-default>` argument for built-in aggregates
+  allows specifying a value to be returned when the queryset (or grouping)
+  contains no entries, rather than ``None``.
+
 Requests and Responses
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 

tests/aggregation/tests.py

@@ -1,15 +1,19 @@
 import datetime
+import math
 import re
 from decimal import Decimal
 
 from django.core.exceptions import FieldError
 from django.db import connection
 from django.db.models import (
-    Avg, Case, Count, DecimalField, DurationField, Exists, F, FloatField,
-    IntegerField, Max, Min, OuterRef, Subquery, Sum, Value, When,
+    Avg, Case, Count, DateField, DateTimeField, DecimalField, DurationField,
+    Exists, F, FloatField, IntegerField, Max, Min, OuterRef, Q, StdDev,
+    Subquery, Sum, TimeField, Value, Variance, When,
 )
 from django.db.models.expressions import Func, RawSQL
-from django.db.models.functions import Coalesce, Greatest
+from django.db.models.functions import (
+    Cast, Coalesce, Greatest, Now, Pi, TruncDate, TruncHour,
+)
 from django.test import TestCase
 from django.test.testcases import skipUnlessDBFeature
 from django.test.utils import Approximate, CaptureQueriesContext
@@ -18,6 +22,20 @@ from django.utils import timezone
 from .models import Author, Book, Publisher, Store
 
 
+class NowUTC(Now):
+    template = 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'
+    output_field = DateTimeField()
+
+    def as_mysql(self, compiler, connection, **extra_context):
+        return self.as_sql(compiler, connection, template='UTC_TIMESTAMP', **extra_context)
+
+    def as_oracle(self, compiler, connection, **extra_context):
+        return self.as_sql(compiler, connection, template="CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'", **extra_context)
+
+    def as_postgresql(self, compiler, connection, **extra_context):
+        return self.as_sql(compiler, connection, template="STATEMENT_TIMESTAMP() AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'", **extra_context)
+
+
 class AggregateTestCase(TestCase):
 
     @classmethod
@@ -1402,3 +1420,190 @@ class AggregateTestCase(TestCase):
                 )['latest_opening'],
                 datetime.datetime,
             )
+
+    def test_aggregation_default_unsupported_by_count(self):
+        msg = 'Count does not allow default.'
+        with self.assertRaisesMessage(TypeError, msg):
+            Count('age', default=0)
+
+    def test_aggregation_default_unset(self):
+        for Aggregate in [Avg, Max, Min, StdDev, Sum, Variance]:
+            with self.subTest(Aggregate):
+                result = Author.objects.filter(age__gt=100).aggregate(
+                    value=Aggregate('age'),
+                )
+                self.assertIsNone(result['value'])
+
+    def test_aggregation_default_zero(self):
+        for Aggregate in [Avg, Max, Min, StdDev, Sum, Variance]:
+            with self.subTest(Aggregate):
+                result = Author.objects.filter(age__gt=100).aggregate(
+                    value=Aggregate('age', default=0),
+                )
+                self.assertEqual(result['value'], 0)
+
+    def test_aggregation_default_integer(self):
+        for Aggregate in [Avg, Max, Min, StdDev, Sum, Variance]:
+            with self.subTest(Aggregate):
+                result = Author.objects.filter(age__gt=100).aggregate(
+                    value=Aggregate('age', default=21),
+                )
+                self.assertEqual(result['value'], 21)
+
+    def test_aggregation_default_expression(self):
+        for Aggregate in [Avg, Max, Min, StdDev, Sum, Variance]:
+            with self.subTest(Aggregate):
+                result = Author.objects.filter(age__gt=100).aggregate(
+                    value=Aggregate('age', default=Value(5) * Value(7)),
+                )
+                self.assertEqual(result['value'], 35)
+
+    def test_aggregation_default_group_by(self):
+        qs = Publisher.objects.values('name').annotate(
+            books=Count('book'),
+            pages=Sum('book__pages', default=0),
+        ).filter(books=0)
+        self.assertSequenceEqual(
+            qs,
+            [{'name': "Jonno's House of Books", 'books': 0, 'pages': 0}],
+        )
+
+    def test_aggregation_default_compound_expression(self):
+        # Scale rating to a percentage; default to 50% if no books published.
+        formula = Avg('book__rating', default=2.5) * 20.0
+        queryset = Publisher.objects.annotate(rating=formula).order_by('name')
+        self.assertSequenceEqual(queryset.values('name', 'rating'), [
+            {'name': 'Apress', 'rating': 85.0},
+            {'name': "Jonno's House of Books", 'rating': 50.0},
+            {'name': 'Morgan Kaufmann', 'rating': 100.0},
+            {'name': 'Prentice Hall', 'rating': 80.0},
+            {'name': 'Sams', 'rating': 60.0},
+        ])
+
+    def test_aggregation_default_using_time_from_python(self):
+        expr = Min(
+            'store__friday_night_closing',
+            filter=~Q(store__name='Amazon.com'),
+            default=datetime.time(17),
+        )
+        if connection.vendor == 'mysql':
+            # Workaround for #30224 for MySQL 8.0+ & MariaDB.
+            expr.default = Cast(expr.default, TimeField())
+        queryset = Book.objects.annotate(oldest_store_opening=expr).order_by('isbn')
+        self.assertSequenceEqual(queryset.values('isbn', 'oldest_store_opening'), [
+            {'isbn': '013235613', 'oldest_store_opening': datetime.time(21, 30)},
+            {'isbn': '013790395', 'oldest_store_opening': datetime.time(23, 59, 59)},
+            {'isbn': '067232959', 'oldest_store_opening': datetime.time(17)},
+            {'isbn': '155860191', 'oldest_store_opening': datetime.time(21, 30)},
+            {'isbn': '159059725', 'oldest_store_opening': datetime.time(23, 59, 59)},
+            {'isbn': '159059996', 'oldest_store_opening': datetime.time(21, 30)},
+        ])
+
+    def test_aggregation_default_using_time_from_database(self):
+        now = timezone.now().astimezone(timezone.utc)
+        expr = Min(
+            'store__friday_night_closing',
+            filter=~Q(store__name='Amazon.com'),
+            default=TruncHour(NowUTC(), output_field=TimeField()),
+        )
+        queryset = Book.objects.annotate(oldest_store_opening=expr).order_by('isbn')
+        self.assertSequenceEqual(queryset.values('isbn', 'oldest_store_opening'), [
+            {'isbn': '013235613', 'oldest_store_opening': datetime.time(21, 30)},
+            {'isbn': '013790395', 'oldest_store_opening': datetime.time(23, 59, 59)},
+            {'isbn': '067232959', 'oldest_store_opening': datetime.time(now.hour)},
+            {'isbn': '155860191', 'oldest_store_opening': datetime.time(21, 30)},
+            {'isbn': '159059725', 'oldest_store_opening': datetime.time(23, 59, 59)},
+            {'isbn': '159059996', 'oldest_store_opening': datetime.time(21, 30)},
+        ])
+
+    def test_aggregation_default_using_date_from_python(self):
+        expr = Min('book__pubdate', default=datetime.date(1970, 1, 1))
+        if connection.vendor == 'mysql':
+            # Workaround for #30224 for MySQL 5.7+ & MariaDB.
+            expr.default = Cast(expr.default, DateField())
+        queryset = Publisher.objects.annotate(earliest_pubdate=expr).order_by('name')
+        self.assertSequenceEqual(queryset.values('name', 'earliest_pubdate'), [
+            {'name': 'Apress', 'earliest_pubdate': datetime.date(2007, 12, 6)},
+            {'name': "Jonno's House of Books", 'earliest_pubdate': datetime.date(1970, 1, 1)},
+            {'name': 'Morgan Kaufmann', 'earliest_pubdate': datetime.date(1991, 10, 15)},
+            {'name': 'Prentice Hall', 'earliest_pubdate': datetime.date(1995, 1, 15)},
+            {'name': 'Sams', 'earliest_pubdate': datetime.date(2008, 3, 3)},
+        ])
+
+    def test_aggregation_default_using_date_from_database(self):
+        now = timezone.now().astimezone(timezone.utc)
+        expr = Min('book__pubdate', default=TruncDate(NowUTC()))
+        queryset = Publisher.objects.annotate(earliest_pubdate=expr).order_by('name')
+        self.assertSequenceEqual(queryset.values('name', 'earliest_pubdate'), [
+            {'name': 'Apress', 'earliest_pubdate': datetime.date(2007, 12, 6)},
+            {'name': "Jonno's House of Books", 'earliest_pubdate': now.date()},
+            {'name': 'Morgan Kaufmann', 'earliest_pubdate': datetime.date(1991, 10, 15)},
+            {'name': 'Prentice Hall', 'earliest_pubdate': datetime.date(1995, 1, 15)},
+            {'name': 'Sams', 'earliest_pubdate': datetime.date(2008, 3, 3)},
+        ])
+
+    def test_aggregation_default_using_datetime_from_python(self):
+        expr = Min(
+            'store__original_opening',
+            filter=~Q(store__name='Amazon.com'),
+            default=datetime.datetime(1970, 1, 1),
+        )
+        if connection.vendor == 'mysql':
+            # Workaround for #30224 for MySQL 8.0+ & MariaDB.
+            expr.default = Cast(expr.default, DateTimeField())
+        queryset = Book.objects.annotate(oldest_store_opening=expr).order_by('isbn')
+        self.assertSequenceEqual(queryset.values('isbn', 'oldest_store_opening'), [
+            {'isbn': '013235613', 'oldest_store_opening': datetime.datetime(1945, 4, 25, 16, 24, 14)},
+            {'isbn': '013790395', 'oldest_store_opening': datetime.datetime(2001, 3, 15, 11, 23, 37)},
+            {'isbn': '067232959', 'oldest_store_opening': datetime.datetime(1970, 1, 1)},
+            {'isbn': '155860191', 'oldest_store_opening': datetime.datetime(1945, 4, 25, 16, 24, 14)},
+            {'isbn': '159059725', 'oldest_store_opening': datetime.datetime(2001, 3, 15, 11, 23, 37)},
+            {'isbn': '159059996', 'oldest_store_opening': datetime.datetime(1945, 4, 25, 16, 24, 14)},
+        ])
+
+    def test_aggregation_default_using_datetime_from_database(self):
+        now = timezone.now().astimezone(timezone.utc)
+        expr = Min(
+            'store__original_opening',
+            filter=~Q(store__name='Amazon.com'),
+            default=TruncHour(NowUTC(), output_field=DateTimeField()),
+        )
+        queryset = Book.objects.annotate(oldest_store_opening=expr).order_by('isbn')
+        self.assertSequenceEqual(queryset.values('isbn', 'oldest_store_opening'), [
+            {'isbn': '013235613', 'oldest_store_opening': datetime.datetime(1945, 4, 25, 16, 24, 14)},
+            {'isbn': '013790395', 'oldest_store_opening': datetime.datetime(2001, 3, 15, 11, 23, 37)},
+            {'isbn': '067232959', 'oldest_store_opening': now.replace(minute=0, second=0, microsecond=0, tzinfo=None)},
+            {'isbn': '155860191', 'oldest_store_opening': datetime.datetime(1945, 4, 25, 16, 24, 14)},
+            {'isbn': '159059725', 'oldest_store_opening': datetime.datetime(2001, 3, 15, 11, 23, 37)},
+            {'isbn': '159059996', 'oldest_store_opening': datetime.datetime(1945, 4, 25, 16, 24, 14)},
+        ])
+
+    def test_aggregation_default_using_duration_from_python(self):
+        result = Publisher.objects.filter(num_awards__gt=3).aggregate(
+            value=Sum('duration', default=datetime.timedelta(0)),
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(result['value'], datetime.timedelta(0))
+
+    def test_aggregation_default_using_duration_from_database(self):
+        result = Publisher.objects.filter(num_awards__gt=3).aggregate(
+            value=Sum('duration', default=Now() - Now()),
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(result['value'], datetime.timedelta(0))
+
+    def test_aggregation_default_using_decimal_from_python(self):
+        result = Book.objects.filter(rating__lt=3.0).aggregate(
+            value=Sum('price', default=Decimal('0.00')),
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(result['value'], Decimal('0.00'))
+
+    def test_aggregation_default_using_decimal_from_database(self):
+        result = Book.objects.filter(rating__lt=3.0).aggregate(
+            value=Sum('price', default=Pi()),
+        )
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(result['value'], Decimal.from_float(math.pi), places=6)
+
+    def test_aggregation_default_passed_another_aggregate(self):
+        result = Book.objects.aggregate(
+            value=Sum('price', filter=Q(rating__lt=3.0), default=Avg('pages') / 10.0),
+        )
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(result['value'], Decimal('61.72'), places=2)

tests/postgres_tests/test_aggregates.py

@@ -72,6 +72,34 @@ class TestGeneralAggregate(PostgreSQLTestCase):
                     )
                     self.assertEqual(values, {'aggregation': expected_result})
 
+    def test_default_argument(self):
+        AggregateTestModel.objects.all().delete()
+        tests = [
+            (ArrayAgg('char_field', default=['<empty>']), ['<empty>']),
+            (ArrayAgg('integer_field', default=[0]), [0]),
+            (ArrayAgg('boolean_field', default=[False]), [False]),
+            (BitAnd('integer_field', default=0), 0),
+            (BitOr('integer_field', default=0), 0),
+            (BoolAnd('boolean_field', default=False), False),
+            (BoolOr('boolean_field', default=False), False),
+            (JSONBAgg('integer_field', default=Value('["<empty>"]')), ['<empty>']),
+            (StringAgg('char_field', delimiter=';', default=Value('<empty>')), '<empty>'),
+        ]
+        for aggregation, expected_result in tests:
+            with self.subTest(aggregation=aggregation):
+                # Empty result with non-execution optimization.
+                with self.assertNumQueries(0):
+                    values = AggregateTestModel.objects.none().aggregate(
+                        aggregation=aggregation,
+                    )
+                    self.assertEqual(values, {'aggregation': expected_result})
+                # Empty result when query must be executed.
+                with self.assertNumQueries(1):
+                    values = AggregateTestModel.objects.aggregate(
+                        aggregation=aggregation,
+                    )
+                    self.assertEqual(values, {'aggregation': expected_result})
+
     def test_array_agg_charfield(self):
         values = AggregateTestModel.objects.aggregate(arrayagg=ArrayAgg('char_field'))
         self.assertEqual(values, {'arrayagg': ['Foo1', 'Foo2', 'Foo4', 'Foo3']})
@@ -515,6 +543,37 @@ class TestStatisticsAggregate(PostgreSQLTestCase):
                     )
                     self.assertEqual(values, {'aggregation': expected_result})
 
+    def test_default_argument(self):
+        StatTestModel.objects.all().delete()
+        tests = [
+            (Corr(y='int2', x='int1', default=0), 0),
+            (CovarPop(y='int2', x='int1', default=0), 0),
+            (CovarPop(y='int2', x='int1', sample=True, default=0), 0),
+            (RegrAvgX(y='int2', x='int1', default=0), 0),
+            (RegrAvgY(y='int2', x='int1', default=0), 0),
+            # RegrCount() doesn't support the default argument.
+            (RegrIntercept(y='int2', x='int1', default=0), 0),
+            (RegrR2(y='int2', x='int1', default=0), 0),
+            (RegrSlope(y='int2', x='int1', default=0), 0),
+            (RegrSXX(y='int2', x='int1', default=0), 0),
+            (RegrSXY(y='int2', x='int1', default=0), 0),
+            (RegrSYY(y='int2', x='int1', default=0), 0),
+        ]
+        for aggregation, expected_result in tests:
+            with self.subTest(aggregation=aggregation):
+                # Empty result with non-execution optimization.
+                with self.assertNumQueries(0):
+                    values = StatTestModel.objects.none().aggregate(
+                        aggregation=aggregation,
+                    )
+                    self.assertEqual(values, {'aggregation': expected_result})
+                # Empty result when query must be executed.
+                with self.assertNumQueries(1):
+                    values = StatTestModel.objects.aggregate(
+                        aggregation=aggregation,
+                    )
+                    self.assertEqual(values, {'aggregation': expected_result})
+
     def test_corr_general(self):
         values = StatTestModel.objects.aggregate(corr=Corr(y='int2', x='int1'))
         self.assertEqual(values, {'corr': -1.0})
@@ -539,6 +598,11 @@ class TestStatisticsAggregate(PostgreSQLTestCase):
         values = StatTestModel.objects.aggregate(regrcount=RegrCount(y='int2', x='int1'))
         self.assertEqual(values, {'regrcount': 3})
 
+    def test_regr_count_default(self):
+        msg = 'RegrCount does not allow default.'
+        with self.assertRaisesMessage(TypeError, msg):
+            RegrCount(y='int2', x='int1', default=0)
+
     def test_regr_intercept_general(self):
         values = StatTestModel.objects.aggregate(regrintercept=RegrIntercept(y='int2', x='int1'))
         self.assertEqual(values, {'regrintercept': 4})