Refs #23919 -- Removed six.<various>_types usage

Thanks Tim Graham and Simon Charette for the reviews.

django/conf/urls/__init__.py

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
 from django.urls import (
     LocaleRegexURLResolver, RegexURLPattern, RegexURLResolver,
 )
-from django.utils import six
 
 __all__ = ['handler400', 'handler403', 'handler404', 'handler500', 'include', 'url']
 
@@ -34,7 +33,7 @@ def include(arg, namespace=None):
         # No namespace hint - use manually provided namespace
         urlconf_module = arg
 
-    if isinstance(urlconf_module, six.string_types):
+    if isinstance(urlconf_module, str):
         urlconf_module = import_module(urlconf_module)
     patterns = getattr(urlconf_module, 'urlpatterns', urlconf_module)
     app_name = getattr(urlconf_module, 'app_name', app_name)

django/contrib/admin/helpers.py

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ from django.core.exceptions import ObjectDoesNotExist
 from django.db.models.fields.related import ManyToManyRel
 from django.forms.utils import flatatt
 from django.template.defaultfilters import capfirst, linebreaksbr
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.encoding import force_text
 from django.utils.html import conditional_escape, format_html
 from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
@@ -99,7 +98,7 @@ class Fieldset(object):
 class Fieldline(object):
     def __init__(self, form, field, readonly_fields=None, model_admin=None):
         self.form = form  # A django.forms.Form instance
-        if not hasattr(field, "__iter__") or isinstance(field, six.text_type):
+        if not hasattr(field, "__iter__") or isinstance(field, str):
             self.fields = [field]
         else:
             self.fields = field
@@ -217,7 +216,7 @@ class AdminReadonlyField(object):
                         result_repr = linebreaksbr(force_text(value))
             else:
                 if isinstance(f.remote_field, ManyToManyRel) and value is not None:
-                    result_repr = ", ".join(map(six.text_type, value.all()))
+                    result_repr = ", ".join(map(str, value.all()))
                 else:
                     result_repr = display_for_field(value, f, self.empty_value_display)
                 result_repr = linebreaksbr(result_repr)

django/contrib/admin/options.py

@@ -1068,8 +1068,8 @@ class ModelAdmin(BaseModelAdmin):
                 attr = obj._meta.pk.attname
             value = obj.serializable_value(attr)
             popup_response_data = json.dumps({
-                'value': six.text_type(value),
-                'obj': six.text_type(obj),
+                'value': str(value),
+                'obj': str(obj),
             })
             return TemplateResponse(request, self.popup_response_template or [
                 'admin/%s/%s/popup_response.html' % (opts.app_label, opts.model_name),
@@ -1129,9 +1129,9 @@ class ModelAdmin(BaseModelAdmin):
             new_value = obj.serializable_value(attr)
             popup_response_data = json.dumps({
                 'action': 'change',
-                'value': six.text_type(value),
-                'obj': six.text_type(obj),
-                'new_value': six.text_type(new_value),
+                'value': str(value),
+                'obj': str(obj),
+                'new_value': str(new_value),
             })
             return TemplateResponse(request, self.popup_response_template or [
                 'admin/%s/%s/popup_response.html' % (opts.app_label, opts.model_name),

django/contrib/admin/utils.py

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ from django.db.models.deletion import Collector
 from django.db.models.sql.constants import QUERY_TERMS
 from django.forms.utils import pretty_name
 from django.urls import NoReverseMatch, reverse
-from django.utils import formats, six, timezone
+from django.utils import formats, timezone
 from django.utils.encoding import force_str, force_text, smart_text
 from django.utils.html import format_html
 from django.utils.text import capfirst
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ def quote(s):
     Similar to urllib.quote, except that the quoting is slightly different so
     that it doesn't get automatically unquoted by the Web browser.
     """
-    if not isinstance(s, six.string_types):
+    if not isinstance(s, str):
         return s
     res = list(s)
     for i in range(len(res)):
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ def label_for_field(name, model, model_admin=None, return_attr=False):
     except FieldDoesNotExist:
         if name == "__unicode__":
             label = force_text(model._meta.verbose_name)
-            attr = six.text_type
+            attr = str
         elif name == "__str__":
             label = force_str(model._meta.verbose_name)
             attr = bytes
@@ -430,7 +430,7 @@ def display_for_value(value, empty_value_display, boolean=False):
         return formats.localize(timezone.template_localtime(value))
     elif isinstance(value, (datetime.date, datetime.time)):
         return formats.localize(value)
-    elif isinstance(value, six.integer_types + (decimal.Decimal, float)):
+    elif isinstance(value, (int, decimal.Decimal, float)):
         return formats.number_format(value)
     elif isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
         return ', '.join(force_text(v) for v in value)

django/contrib/admin/widgets.py

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ from django import forms
 from django.db.models.deletion import CASCADE
 from django.urls import reverse
 from django.urls.exceptions import NoReverseMatch
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.encoding import force_text
 from django.utils.html import smart_urlquote
 from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
@@ -111,7 +110,7 @@ def url_params_from_lookup_dict(lookups):
             elif isinstance(v, bool):
                 v = ('0', '1')[v]
             else:
-                v = six.text_type(v)
+                v = str(v)
             items.append((k, v))
         params.update(dict(items))
     return params

django/contrib/auth/decorators.py

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ from django.conf import settings
 from django.contrib.auth import REDIRECT_FIELD_NAME
 from django.core.exceptions import PermissionDenied
 from django.shortcuts import resolve_url
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.decorators import available_attrs
 from django.utils.six.moves.urllib.parse import urlparse
 
@@ -60,7 +59,7 @@ def permission_required(perm, login_url=None, raise_exception=False):
     is raised.
     """
     def check_perms(user):
-        if isinstance(perm, six.string_types):
+        if isinstance(perm, str):
             perms = (perm, )
         else:
             perms = perm

django/contrib/auth/mixins.py

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ from django.conf import settings
 from django.contrib.auth import REDIRECT_FIELD_NAME
 from django.contrib.auth.views import redirect_to_login
 from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured, PermissionDenied
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.encoding import force_text
 
 
@@ -73,7 +72,7 @@ class PermissionRequiredMixin(AccessMixin):
                 '{0} is missing the permission_required attribute. Define {0}.permission_required, or override '
                 '{0}.get_permission_required().'.format(self.__class__.__name__)
             )
-        if isinstance(self.permission_required, six.string_types):
+        if isinstance(self.permission_required, str):
             perms = (self.permission_required, )
         else:
             perms = self.permission_required

django/contrib/auth/models.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ from django.core.exceptions import PermissionDenied
 from django.core.mail import send_mail
 from django.db import models
 from django.db.models.manager import EmptyManager
-from django.utils import six, timezone
+from django.utils import timezone
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
 from .validators import UnicodeUsernameValidator
@@ -75,9 +75,10 @@ class Permission(models.Model):
 
     def __str__(self):
         return "%s | %s | %s" % (
-            six.text_type(self.content_type.app_label),
-            six.text_type(self.content_type),
-            six.text_type(self.name))
+            self.content_type.app_label,
+            self.content_type,
+            self.name,
+        )
 
     def natural_key(self):
         return (self.codename,) + self.content_type.natural_key()

django/contrib/auth/password_validation.py

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ from django.utils.encoding import force_text
 from django.utils.functional import lazy
 from django.utils.html import format_html
 from django.utils.module_loading import import_string
-from django.utils.six import string_types, text_type
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext as _, ungettext
 
 
@@ -88,7 +87,7 @@ def _password_validators_help_text_html(password_validators=None):
     return '<ul>%s</ul>' % ''.join(help_items) if help_items else ''
 
 
-password_validators_help_text_html = lazy(_password_validators_help_text_html, text_type)
+password_validators_help_text_html = lazy(_password_validators_help_text_html, str)
 
 
 class MinimumLengthValidator(object):
@@ -141,7 +140,7 @@ class UserAttributeSimilarityValidator(object):
 
         for attribute_name in self.user_attributes:
             value = getattr(user, attribute_name, None)
-            if not value or not isinstance(value, string_types):
+            if not value or not isinstance(value, str):
                 continue
             value_parts = re.split(r'\W+', value) + [value]
             for value_part in value_parts:

django/contrib/auth/tokens.py

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 from datetime import date
 
 from django.conf import settings
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.crypto import constant_time_compare, salted_hmac
 from django.utils.http import base36_to_int, int_to_base36
 
@@ -68,10 +67,7 @@ class PasswordResetTokenGenerator(object):
     def _make_hash_value(self, user, timestamp):
         # Ensure results are consistent across DB backends
         login_timestamp = '' if user.last_login is None else user.last_login.replace(microsecond=0, tzinfo=None)
-        return (
-            six.text_type(user.pk) + user.password +
-            six.text_type(login_timestamp) + six.text_type(timestamp)
-        )
+        return str(user.pk) + user.password + str(login_timestamp) + str(timestamp)
 
     def _num_days(self, dt):
         return (dt - date(2001, 1, 1)).days

django/contrib/gis/admin/widgets.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import logging
 from django.contrib.gis.gdal import GDALException
 from django.contrib.gis.geos import GEOSException, GEOSGeometry
 from django.forms.widgets import Textarea
-from django.utils import six, translation
+from django.utils import translation
 
 # Creating a template context that contains Django settings
 # values needed by admin map templates.
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class OpenLayersWidget(Textarea):
 
         # If a string reaches here (via a validation error on another
         # field) then just reconstruct the Geometry.
-        if value and isinstance(value, six.string_types):
+        if value and isinstance(value, str):
             try:
                 value = GEOSGeometry(value)
             except (GEOSException, ValueError) as err:

django/contrib/gis/db/backends/base/models.py

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 from django.contrib.gis import gdal
-from django.utils import six
 
 
 class SpatialRefSysMixin(object):
@@ -134,4 +133,4 @@ class SpatialRefSysMixin(object):
         """
         Returns the string representation, a 'pretty' OGC WKT.
         """
-        return six.text_type(self.srs)
+        return str(self.srs)

django/contrib/gis/db/backends/oracle/operations.py

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ from django.contrib.gis.db.models import aggregates
 from django.contrib.gis.geometry.backend import Geometry
 from django.contrib.gis.measure import Distance
 from django.db.backends.oracle.operations import DatabaseOperations
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.functional import cached_property
 
 DEFAULT_TOLERANCE = '0.05'
@@ -45,7 +44,7 @@ class SDORelate(SpatialOperator):
     def check_relate_argument(self, arg):
         masks = 'TOUCH|OVERLAPBDYDISJOINT|OVERLAPBDYINTERSECT|EQUAL|INSIDE|COVEREDBY|CONTAINS|COVERS|ANYINTERACT|ON'
         mask_regex = re.compile(r'^(%s)(\+(%s))*$' % (masks, masks), re.I)
-        if not isinstance(arg, six.string_types) or not mask_regex.match(arg):
+        if not isinstance(arg, str) or not mask_regex.match(arg):
             raise ValueError('Invalid SDO_RELATE mask: "%s"' % arg)
 
     def as_sql(self, connection, lookup, template_params, sql_params):

django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/operations.py

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ from django.contrib.gis.measure import Distance
 from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
 from django.db.backends.postgresql.operations import DatabaseOperations
 from django.db.utils import ProgrammingError
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.functional import cached_property
 
 from .adapter import PostGISAdapter
@@ -337,7 +336,7 @@ class PostGISOperations(BaseSpatialOperations, DatabaseOperations):
         # Get the srid for this object
         if value is None:
             value_srid = None
-        elif f.geom_type == 'RASTER' and isinstance(value, six.string_types):
+        elif f.geom_type == 'RASTER' and isinstance(value, str):
             value_srid = get_pgraster_srid(value)
         else:
             value_srid = value.srid
@@ -346,7 +345,7 @@ class PostGISOperations(BaseSpatialOperations, DatabaseOperations):
         # is not equal to the field srid.
         if value_srid is None or value_srid == f.srid:
             placeholder = '%s'
-        elif f.geom_type == 'RASTER' and isinstance(value, six.string_types):
+        elif f.geom_type == 'RASTER' and isinstance(value, str):
             placeholder = '%s((%%s)::raster, %s)' % (self.transform, f.srid)
         else:
             placeholder = '%s(%%s, %s)' % (self.transform, f.srid)

django/contrib/gis/db/backends/spatialite/introspection.py

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ from django.contrib.gis.gdal import OGRGeomType
 from django.db.backends.sqlite3.introspection import (
     DatabaseIntrospection, FlexibleFieldLookupDict,
 )
-from django.utils import six
 
 
 class GeoFlexibleFieldLookupDict(FlexibleFieldLookupDict):
@@ -41,7 +40,7 @@ class SpatiaLiteIntrospection(DatabaseIntrospection):
             # OGRGeomType does not require GDAL and makes it easy to convert
             # from OGC geom type name to Django field.
             ogr_type = row[2]
-            if isinstance(ogr_type, six.integer_types) and ogr_type > 1000:
+            if isinstance(ogr_type, int) and ogr_type > 1000:
                 # SpatiaLite versions >= 4 use the new SFSQL 1.2 offsets
                 # 1000 (Z), 2000 (M), and 3000 (ZM) to indicate the presence of
                 # higher dimensional coordinates (M not yet supported by Django).
@@ -54,7 +53,7 @@ class SpatiaLiteIntrospection(DatabaseIntrospection):
             field_params = {}
             if srid != 4326:
                 field_params['srid'] = srid
-            if (isinstance(dim, six.string_types) and 'Z' in dim) or dim == 3:
+            if (isinstance(dim, str) and 'Z' in dim) or dim == 3:
                 field_params['dim'] = 3
         finally:
             cursor.close()

django/contrib/gis/db/models/fields.py

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ from django.contrib.gis.geometry.backend import Geometry, GeometryException
 from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
 from django.db.models.expressions import Expression
 from django.db.models.fields import Field
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
 # Local cache of the spatial_ref_sys table, which holds SRID data for each
@@ -226,7 +225,7 @@ class BaseSpatialField(Field):
             pass
         else:
             # Check if input is a candidate for conversion to raster or geometry.
-            is_candidate = isinstance(obj, (bytes, six.string_types)) or hasattr(obj, '__geo_interface__')
+            is_candidate = isinstance(obj, (bytes, str)) or hasattr(obj, '__geo_interface__')
             # Try to convert the input to raster.
             raster = self.get_raster_prep_value(obj, is_candidate)
 

django/contrib/gis/db/models/functions.py

@@ -9,9 +9,8 @@ from django.contrib.gis.measure import (
 from django.core.exceptions import FieldError
 from django.db.models import BooleanField, FloatField, IntegerField, TextField
 from django.db.models.expressions import Func, Value
-from django.utils import six
 
-NUMERIC_TYPES = six.integer_types + (float, Decimal)
+NUMERIC_TYPES = (int, float, Decimal)
 
 
 class GeoFunc(Func):
@@ -161,7 +160,7 @@ class AsGeoJSON(GeoFunc):
     def __init__(self, expression, bbox=False, crs=False, precision=8, **extra):
         expressions = [expression]
         if precision is not None:
-            expressions.append(self._handle_param(precision, 'precision', six.integer_types))
+            expressions.append(self._handle_param(precision, 'precision', int))
         options = 0
         if crs and bbox:
             options = 3
@@ -181,7 +180,7 @@ class AsGML(GeoFunc):
     def __init__(self, expression, version=2, precision=8, **extra):
         expressions = [version, expression]
         if precision is not None:
-            expressions.append(self._handle_param(precision, 'precision', six.integer_types))
+            expressions.append(self._handle_param(precision, 'precision', int))
         super(AsGML, self).__init__(*expressions, **extra)
 
     def as_oracle(self, compiler, connection, **extra_context):
@@ -208,7 +207,7 @@ class AsSVG(GeoFunc):
         expressions = [
             expression,
             relative,
-            self._handle_param(precision, 'precision', six.integer_types),
+            self._handle_param(precision, 'precision', int),
         ]
         super(AsSVG, self).__init__(*expressions, **extra)
 
@@ -311,7 +310,7 @@ class GeoHash(GeoFunc):
     def __init__(self, expression, precision=None, **extra):
         expressions = [expression]
         if precision is not None:
-            expressions.append(self._handle_param(precision, 'precision', six.integer_types))
+            expressions.append(self._handle_param(precision, 'precision', int))
         super(GeoHash, self).__init__(*expressions, **extra)
 
 
@@ -458,7 +457,7 @@ class Transform(GeoFunc):
     def __init__(self, expression, srid, **extra):
         expressions = [
             expression,
-            self._handle_param(srid, 'srid', six.integer_types),
+            self._handle_param(srid, 'srid', int),
         ]
         if 'output_field' not in extra:
             extra['output_field'] = GeometryField(srid=srid)

django/contrib/gis/db/models/lookups.py

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ from django.db.models.constants import LOOKUP_SEP
 from django.db.models.expressions import Col, Expression
 from django.db.models.lookups import Lookup, Transform
 from django.db.models.sql.query import Query
-from django.utils import six
 
 gis_lookups = {}
 
@@ -389,7 +388,7 @@ class RelateLookup(GISLookup):
             backend_op.check_relate_argument(value[1])
         else:
             pattern = value[1]
-            if not isinstance(pattern, six.string_types) or not self.pattern_regex.match(pattern):
+            if not isinstance(pattern, str) or not self.pattern_regex.match(pattern):
                 raise ValueError('Invalid intersection matrix pattern "%s".' % pattern)
         return super(RelateLookup, self).get_db_prep_lookup(value, connection)
 

django/contrib/gis/db/models/proxy.py

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ objects corresponding to geographic model fields.
 Thanks to Robert Coup for providing this functionality (see #4322).
 """
 from django.db.models.query_utils import DeferredAttribute
-from django.utils import six
 
 
 class SpatialProxy(DeferredAttribute):
@@ -58,7 +57,7 @@ class SpatialProxy(DeferredAttribute):
         # The geographic type of the field.
         gtype = self._field.geom_type
 
-        if gtype == 'RASTER' and (value is None or isinstance(value, six.string_types + (dict, self._klass))):
+        if gtype == 'RASTER' and (value is None or isinstance(value, (str, dict, self._klass))):
             # For raster fields, assure input is None or a string, dict, or
             # raster instance.
             pass
@@ -68,7 +67,7 @@ class SpatialProxy(DeferredAttribute):
             if value.srid is None:
                 # Assigning the field SRID if the geometry has no SRID.
                 value.srid = self._field.srid
-        elif value is None or isinstance(value, six.string_types + (six.memoryview,)):
+        elif value is None or isinstance(value, (str, memoryview)):
             # Set geometries with None, WKT, HEX, or WKB
             pass
         else:

django/contrib/gis/forms/widgets.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from django.conf import settings
 from django.contrib.gis import gdal
 from django.contrib.gis.geos import GEOSException, GEOSGeometry
 from django.forms.widgets import Widget
-from django.utils import six, translation
+from django.utils import translation
 
 logger = logging.getLogger('django.contrib.gis')
 
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ class BaseGeometryWidget(Widget):
     def get_context(self, name, value, attrs=None):
         # If a string reaches here (via a validation error on another
         # field) then just reconstruct the Geometry.
-        if value and isinstance(value, six.string_types):
+        if value and isinstance(value, str):
             value = self.deserialize(value)
 
         if value:

django/contrib/gis/gdal/datasource.py

@@ -40,7 +40,6 @@ from django.contrib.gis.gdal.driver import Driver
 from django.contrib.gis.gdal.error import GDALException, OGRIndexError
 from django.contrib.gis.gdal.layer import Layer
 from django.contrib.gis.gdal.prototypes import ds as capi
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.encoding import force_bytes, force_text
 from django.utils.six.moves import range
 
@@ -64,7 +63,7 @@ class DataSource(GDALBase):
 
         Driver.ensure_registered()
 
-        if isinstance(ds_input, six.string_types):
+        if isinstance(ds_input, str):
             # The data source driver is a void pointer.
             ds_driver = Driver.ptr_type()
             try:
@@ -93,7 +92,7 @@ class DataSource(GDALBase):
 
     def __getitem__(self, index):
         "Allows use of the index [] operator to get a layer at the index."
-        if isinstance(index, six.string_types):
+        if isinstance(index, str):
             layer = capi.get_layer_by_name(self.ptr, force_bytes(index))
             if not layer:
                 raise OGRIndexError('invalid OGR Layer name given: "%s"' % index)

django/contrib/gis/gdal/driver.py

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ from ctypes import c_void_p
 from django.contrib.gis.gdal.base import GDALBase
 from django.contrib.gis.gdal.error import GDALException
 from django.contrib.gis.gdal.prototypes import ds as vcapi, raster as rcapi
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.encoding import force_bytes, force_text
 
 
@@ -36,7 +35,7 @@ class Driver(GDALBase):
         """
         Initializes an GDAL/OGR driver on either a string or integer input.
         """
-        if isinstance(dr_input, six.string_types):
+        if isinstance(dr_input, str):
             # If a string name of the driver was passed in
             self.ensure_registered()
 

django/contrib/gis/gdal/feature.py

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ from django.contrib.gis.gdal.error import GDALException, OGRIndexError
 from django.contrib.gis.gdal.field import Field
 from django.contrib.gis.gdal.geometries import OGRGeometry, OGRGeomType
 from django.contrib.gis.gdal.prototypes import ds as capi, geom as geom_api
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.encoding import force_bytes, force_text
 from django.utils.six.moves import range
 
@@ -35,7 +34,7 @@ class Feature(GDALBase):
         is not the field's _value_ -- use the `get` method instead to
         retrieve the value (e.g. an integer) instead of a Field instance.
         """
-        if isinstance(index, six.string_types):
+        if isinstance(index, str):
             i = self.index(index)
         else:
             if index < 0 or index > self.num_fields:

django/contrib/gis/gdal/geometries.py

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class OGRGeometry(GDALBase):
     def __init__(self, geom_input, srs=None):
         "Initializes Geometry on either WKT or an OGR pointer as input."
 
-        str_instance = isinstance(geom_input, six.string_types)
+        str_instance = isinstance(geom_input, str)
 
         # If HEX, unpack input to a binary buffer.
         if str_instance and hex_regex.match(geom_input):
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ class OGRGeometry(GDALBase):
         # (decremented) when this geometry's destructor is called.
         if isinstance(srs, SpatialReference):
             srs_ptr = srs.ptr
-        elif isinstance(srs, six.integer_types + six.string_types):
+        elif isinstance(srs, (int, str)):
             sr = SpatialReference(srs)
             srs_ptr = sr.ptr
         elif srs is None:
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ class OGRGeometry(GDALBase):
         return None
 
     def _set_srid(self, srid):
-        if isinstance(srid, six.integer_types) or srid is None:
+        if isinstance(srid, int) or srid is None:
             self.srs = srid
         else:
             raise TypeError('SRID must be set with an integer.')
@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ class OGRGeometry(GDALBase):
             capi.geom_transform(self.ptr, coord_trans.ptr)
         elif isinstance(coord_trans, SpatialReference):
             capi.geom_transform_to(self.ptr, coord_trans.ptr)
-        elif isinstance(coord_trans, six.integer_types + six.string_types):
+        elif isinstance(coord_trans, (int, str)):
             sr = SpatialReference(coord_trans)
             capi.geom_transform_to(self.ptr, sr.ptr)
         else:
@@ -675,7 +675,7 @@ class GeometryCollection(OGRGeometry):
                     capi.add_geom(self.ptr, g.ptr)
             else:
                 capi.add_geom(self.ptr, geom.ptr)
-        elif isinstance(geom, six.string_types):
+        elif isinstance(geom, str):
             tmp = OGRGeometry(geom)
             capi.add_geom(self.ptr, tmp.ptr)
         else:

django/contrib/gis/gdal/geomtype.py

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 from django.contrib.gis.gdal.error import GDALException
-from django.utils import six
 
 
 class OGRGeomType(object):
@@ -34,7 +33,7 @@ class OGRGeomType(object):
         "Figures out the correct OGR Type based upon the input."
         if isinstance(type_input, OGRGeomType):
             num = type_input.num
-        elif isinstance(type_input, six.string_types):
+        elif isinstance(type_input, str):
             type_input = type_input.lower()
             if type_input == 'geometry':
                 type_input = 'unknown'
@@ -62,7 +61,7 @@ class OGRGeomType(object):
         """
         if isinstance(other, OGRGeomType):
             return self.num == other.num
-        elif isinstance(other, six.string_types):
+        elif isinstance(other, str):
             return self.name.lower() == other.lower()
         elif isinstance(other, int):
             return self.num == other

django/contrib/gis/gdal/layer.py

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ from django.contrib.gis.gdal.prototypes import (
     ds as capi, geom as geom_api, srs as srs_api,
 )
 from django.contrib.gis.gdal.srs import SpatialReference
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.encoding import force_bytes, force_text
 from django.utils.six.moves import range
 
@@ -42,7 +41,7 @@ class Layer(GDALBase):
 
     def __getitem__(self, index):
         "Gets the Feature at the specified index."
-        if isinstance(index, six.integer_types):
+        if isinstance(index, int):
             # An integer index was given -- we cannot do a check based on the
             # number of features because the beginning and ending feature IDs
             # are not guaranteed to be 0 and len(layer)-1, respectively.

django/contrib/gis/gdal/prototypes/errcheck.py

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ from django.contrib.gis.gdal.error import (
     GDALException, SRSException, check_err,
 )
 from django.contrib.gis.gdal.libgdal import lgdal
-from django.utils import six
 
 
 # Helper routines for retrieving pointers and/or values from
@@ -79,7 +78,7 @@ def check_geom(result, func, cargs):
     "Checks a function that returns a geometry."
     # OGR_G_Clone may return an integer, even though the
     # restype is set to c_void_p
-    if isinstance(result, six.integer_types):
+    if isinstance(result, int):
         result = c_void_p(result)
     if not result:
         raise GDALException('Invalid geometry pointer returned from "%s".' % func.__name__)
@@ -95,7 +94,7 @@ def check_geom_offset(result, func, cargs, offset=-1):
 
 # ### Spatial Reference error-checking routines ###
 def check_srs(result, func, cargs):
-    if isinstance(result, six.integer_types):
+    if isinstance(result, int):
         result = c_void_p(result)
     if not result:
         raise SRSException('Invalid spatial reference pointer returned from "%s".' % func.__name__)
@@ -121,7 +120,7 @@ def check_errcode(result, func, cargs, cpl=False):
 
 def check_pointer(result, func, cargs):
     "Makes sure the result pointer is valid."
-    if isinstance(result, six.integer_types):
+    if isinstance(result, int):
         result = c_void_p(result)
     if result:
         return result

django/contrib/gis/gdal/raster/source.py

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ from django.contrib.gis.gdal.raster.band import BandList
 from django.contrib.gis.gdal.raster.const import GDAL_RESAMPLE_ALGORITHMS
 from django.contrib.gis.gdal.srs import SpatialReference, SRSException
 from django.contrib.gis.geometry.regex import json_regex
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.encoding import force_bytes, force_text
 from django.utils.functional import cached_property
 
@@ -62,11 +61,11 @@ class GDALRaster(GDALBase):
 
         # Preprocess json inputs. This converts json strings to dictionaries,
         # which are parsed below the same way as direct dictionary inputs.
-        if isinstance(ds_input, six.string_types) and json_regex.match(ds_input):
+        if isinstance(ds_input, str) and json_regex.match(ds_input):
             ds_input = json.loads(ds_input)
 
         # If input is a valid file path, try setting file as source.
-        if isinstance(ds_input, six.string_types):
+        if isinstance(ds_input, str):
             if not os.path.exists(ds_input):
                 raise GDALException('Unable to read raster source input "{}"'.format(ds_input))
             try:
@@ -215,7 +214,7 @@ class GDALRaster(GDALBase):
         """
         if isinstance(value, SpatialReference):
             srs = value
-        elif isinstance(value, six.integer_types + six.string_types):
+        elif isinstance(value, (int, str)):
             srs = SpatialReference(value)
         else:
             raise ValueError('Could not create a SpatialReference from input.')

django/contrib/gis/gdal/srs.py

@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ from ctypes import byref, c_char_p, c_int
 from django.contrib.gis.gdal.base import GDALBase
 from django.contrib.gis.gdal.error import SRSException
 from django.contrib.gis.gdal.prototypes import srs as capi
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.encoding import force_bytes, force_text
 
 
@@ -55,7 +54,7 @@ class SpatialReference(GDALBase):
             self.ptr = capi.new_srs(c_char_p(b''))
             self.import_wkt(srs_input)
             return
-        elif isinstance(srs_input, six.string_types):
+        elif isinstance(srs_input, str):
             try:
                 # If SRID is a string, e.g., '4326', then make acceptable
                 # as user input.
@@ -63,7 +62,7 @@ class SpatialReference(GDALBase):
                 srs_input = 'EPSG:%d' % srid
             except ValueError:
                 pass
-        elif isinstance(srs_input, six.integer_types):
+        elif isinstance(srs_input, int):
             # EPSG integer code was input.
             srs_type = 'epsg'
         elif isinstance(srs_input, self.ptr_type):
@@ -130,7 +129,7 @@ class SpatialReference(GDALBase):
         The attribute value for the given target node (e.g. 'PROJCS'). The index
         keyword specifies an index of the child node to return.
         """
-        if not isinstance(target, six.string_types) or not isinstance(index, int):
+        if not isinstance(target, str) or not isinstance(index, int):
             raise TypeError
         return capi.get_attr_value(self.ptr, force_bytes(target), index)
 

django/contrib/gis/geoip2/base.py

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import geoip2.database
 
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.core.validators import ipv4_re
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.ipv6 import is_valid_ipv6_address
 
 from .resources import City, Country
@@ -78,7 +77,7 @@ class GeoIP2(object):
             path = GEOIP_SETTINGS['GEOIP_PATH']
             if not path:
                 raise GeoIP2Exception('GeoIP path must be provided via parameter or the GEOIP_PATH setting.')
-        if not isinstance(path, six.string_types):
+        if not isinstance(path, str):
             raise TypeError('Invalid path type: %s' % type(path).__name__)
 
         if os.path.isdir(path):
@@ -146,7 +145,7 @@ class GeoIP2(object):
     def _check_query(self, query, country=False, city=False, city_or_country=False):
         "Helper routine for checking the query and database availability."
         # Making sure a string was passed in for the query.
-        if not isinstance(query, six.string_types):
+        if not isinstance(query, str):
             raise TypeError('GeoIP query must be a string, not type %s' % type(query).__name__)
 
         # Extra checks for the existence of country and city databases.

django/contrib/gis/geos/factory.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ def fromfile(file_h):
     WKT, or HEX.
     """
     # If given a file name, get a real handle.
-    if isinstance(file_h, six.string_types):
+    if isinstance(file_h, str):
         with open(file_h, 'rb') as file_h:
             buf = file_h.read()
     else:

django/contrib/gis/geos/geometry.py

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ class GEOSGeometry(GEOSBase, ListMixin):
         """
         if isinstance(geo_input, bytes):
             geo_input = force_text(geo_input)
-        if isinstance(geo_input, six.string_types):
+        if isinstance(geo_input, str):
             wkt_m = wkt_regex.match(geo_input)
             if wkt_m:
                 # Handling WKT input.
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ class GEOSGeometry(GEOSBase, ListMixin):
                 # Handling GeoJSON input.
                 g = wkb_r().read(gdal.OGRGeometry(geo_input).wkb)
             else:
-                raise ValueError('String or unicode input unrecognized as WKT EWKT, and HEXEWKB.')
+                raise ValueError('String input unrecognized as WKT EWKT, and HEXEWKB.')
         elif isinstance(geo_input, GEOM_PTR):
             # When the input is a pointer to a geometry (GEOM_PTR).
             g = geo_input
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ class GEOSGeometry(GEOSBase, ListMixin):
         Equivalence testing, a Geometry may be compared with another Geometry
         or an EWKT representation.
         """
-        if isinstance(other, six.string_types):
+        if isinstance(other, str):
             if other.startswith('SRID=0;'):
                 return self.ewkt == other[7:]  # Test only WKT part of other
             return self.ewkt == other
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ class GEOSGeometry(GEOSBase, ListMixin):
         Returns true if the elements in the DE-9IM intersection matrix for the
         two Geometries match the elements in pattern.
         """
-        if not isinstance(pattern, six.string_types) or len(pattern) > 9:
+        if not isinstance(pattern, str) or len(pattern) > 9:
             raise GEOSException('invalid intersection matrix pattern')
         return capi.geos_relatepattern(self.ptr, other.ptr, force_bytes(pattern))
 

django/contrib/gis/geos/mutable_list.py

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ Author: Aryeh Leib Taurog.
 """
 from functools import total_ordering
 
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.six.moves import range
 
 
@@ -82,12 +81,12 @@ class ListMixin(object):
 
     def __delitem__(self, index):
         "Delete the item(s) at the specified index/slice."
-        if not isinstance(index, six.integer_types + (slice,)):
+        if not isinstance(index, (int, slice)):
             raise TypeError("%s is not a legal index" % index)
 
         # calculate new length and dimensions
         origLen = len(self)
-        if isinstance(index, six.integer_types):
+        if isinstance(index, int):
             index = self._checkindex(index)
             indexRange = [index]
         else:
@@ -195,7 +194,7 @@ class ListMixin(object):
 
     def insert(self, index, val):
         "Standard list insert method"
-        if not isinstance(index, six.integer_types):
+        if not isinstance(index, int):
             raise TypeError("%s is not a legal index" % index)
         self[index:index] = [val]
 

django/contrib/gis/geos/point.py

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ from django.contrib.gis import gdal
 from django.contrib.gis.geos import prototypes as capi
 from django.contrib.gis.geos.error import GEOSException
 from django.contrib.gis.geos.geometry import GEOSGeometry
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.six.moves import range
 
 
@@ -27,9 +26,9 @@ class Point(GEOSGeometry):
         elif isinstance(x, (tuple, list)):
             # Here a tuple or list was passed in under the `x` parameter.
             coords = x
-        elif isinstance(x, six.integer_types + (float,)) and isinstance(y, six.integer_types + (float,)):
+        elif isinstance(x, (float, int)) and isinstance(y, (float, int)):
             # Here X, Y, and (optionally) Z were passed in individually, as parameters.
-            if isinstance(z, six.integer_types + (float,)):
+            if isinstance(z, (float, int)):
                 coords = [x, y, z]
             else:
                 coords = [x, y]

django/contrib/gis/geos/polygon.py

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ from django.contrib.gis.geos import prototypes as capi
 from django.contrib.gis.geos.geometry import GEOSGeometry
 from django.contrib.gis.geos.libgeos import GEOM_PTR, get_pointer_arr
 from django.contrib.gis.geos.linestring import LinearRing
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.six.moves import range
 
 
@@ -63,7 +62,7 @@ class Polygon(GEOSGeometry):
         "Constructs a Polygon from a bounding box (4-tuple)."
         x0, y0, x1, y1 = bbox
         for z in bbox:
-            if not isinstance(z, six.integer_types + (float,)):
+            if not isinstance(z, (float, int)):
                 return GEOSGeometry('POLYGON((%s %s, %s %s, %s %s, %s %s, %s %s))' %
                                     (x0, y0, x0, y1, x1, y1, x1, y0, x0, y0))
         return Polygon(((x0, y0), (x0, y1), (x1, y1), (x1, y0), (x0, y0)))

django/contrib/gis/geos/prototypes/io.py

@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ class _WKTReader(IOBase):
     destructor = wkt_reader_destroy
 
     def read(self, wkt):
-        if not isinstance(wkt, (bytes, six.string_types)):
+        if not isinstance(wkt, (bytes, str)):
             raise TypeError
         return wkt_reader_read(self.ptr, force_bytes(wkt))
 
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ class _WKBReader(IOBase):
         if isinstance(wkb, six.memoryview):
             wkb_s = bytes(wkb)
             return wkb_reader_read(self.ptr, wkb_s, len(wkb_s))
-        elif isinstance(wkb, (bytes, six.string_types)):
+        elif isinstance(wkb, (bytes, str)):
             return wkb_reader_read_hex(self.ptr, wkb, len(wkb))
         else:
             raise TypeError

django/contrib/gis/measure.py

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ from django.utils import six
 
 __all__ = ['A', 'Area', 'D', 'Distance']
 
-NUMERIC_TYPES = six.integer_types + (float, Decimal)
+NUMERIC_TYPES = (int, float, Decimal)
 AREA_PREFIX = "sq_"
 
 
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ class MeasureBase(object):
     def __init__(self, default_unit=None, **kwargs):
         value, self._default_unit = self.default_units(kwargs)
         setattr(self, self.STANDARD_UNIT, value)
-        if default_unit and isinstance(default_unit, six.string_types):
+        if default_unit and isinstance(default_unit, str):
             self._default_unit = default_unit
 
     def _get_standard(self):

django/contrib/gis/utils/layermapping.py

@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ class LayerMapping(object):
         argument usage.
         """
         # Getting the DataSource and the associated Layer.
-        if isinstance(data, six.string_types):
+        if isinstance(data, str):
             self.ds = DataSource(data, encoding=encoding)
         else:
             self.ds = data
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ class LayerMapping(object):
             sr = source_srs
         elif isinstance(source_srs, self.spatial_backend.spatial_ref_sys()):
             sr = source_srs.srs
-        elif isinstance(source_srs, (int, six.string_types)):
+        elif isinstance(source_srs, (int, str)):
             sr = SpatialReference(source_srs)
         else:
             # Otherwise just pulling the SpatialReference from the layer
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ class LayerMapping(object):
             for attr in unique:
                 if attr not in self.mapping:
                     raise ValueError
-        elif isinstance(unique, six.string_types):
+        elif isinstance(unique, str):
             # Only a single field passed in.
             if unique not in self.mapping:
                 raise ValueError
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ class LayerMapping(object):
         will construct and return the uniqueness keyword arguments -- a subset
         of the feature kwargs.
         """
-        if isinstance(self.unique, six.string_types):
+        if isinstance(self.unique, str):
             return {self.unique: kwargs[self.unique]}
         else:
             return {fld: kwargs[fld] for fld in self.unique}

django/contrib/gis/utils/ogrinspect.py

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ from django.contrib.gis.gdal.field import (
     OFTDate, OFTDateTime, OFTInteger, OFTInteger64, OFTReal, OFTString,
     OFTTime,
 )
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.six.moves import zip
 
 
@@ -26,7 +25,7 @@ def mapping(data_source, geom_name='geom', layer_key=0, multi_geom=False):
 
      `multi_geom` => Boolean (default: False) - specify as multigeometry.
     """
-    if isinstance(data_source, six.string_types):
+    if isinstance(data_source, str):
         # Instantiating the DataSource from the string.
         data_source = DataSource(data_source)
     elif isinstance(data_source, DataSource):
@@ -129,7 +128,7 @@ def _ogrinspect(data_source, model_name, geom_name='geom', layer_key=0, srid=Non
     to the given data source.  See the `ogrinspect` docstring for more details.
     """
     # Getting the DataSource
-    if isinstance(data_source, six.string_types):
+    if isinstance(data_source, str):
         data_source = DataSource(data_source)
     elif isinstance(data_source, DataSource):
         pass

django/contrib/messages/storage/session.py

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ from django.contrib.messages.storage.base import BaseStorage
 from django.contrib.messages.storage.cookie import (
     MessageDecoder, MessageEncoder,
 )
-from django.utils import six
 
 
 class SessionStorage(BaseStorage):
@@ -44,6 +43,6 @@ class SessionStorage(BaseStorage):
         return encoder.encode(messages)
 
     def deserialize_messages(self, data):
-        if data and isinstance(data, six.string_types):
+        if data and isinstance(data, str):
             return json.loads(data, cls=MessageDecoder)
         return data

django/contrib/postgres/fields/array.py

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ from django.contrib.postgres.validators import ArrayMaxLengthValidator
 from django.core import checks, exceptions
 from django.db.models import Field, IntegerField, Transform
 from django.db.models.lookups import Exact, In
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
 from ..utils import prefix_validation_error
@@ -98,7 +97,7 @@ class ArrayField(Field):
         return name, path, args, kwargs
 
     def to_python(self, value):
-        if isinstance(value, six.string_types):
+        if isinstance(value, str):
             # Assume we're deserializing
             vals = json.loads(value)
             value = [self.base_field.to_python(val) for val in vals]

django/contrib/postgres/fields/hstore.py

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ from django.contrib.postgres import forms, lookups
 from django.contrib.postgres.fields.array import ArrayField
 from django.core import exceptions
 from django.db.models import Field, TextField, Transform
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.encoding import force_text
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
@@ -30,7 +29,7 @@ class HStoreField(Field):
     def validate(self, value, model_instance):
         super(HStoreField, self).validate(value, model_instance)
         for key, val in value.items():
-            if not isinstance(val, six.string_types) and val is not None:
+            if not isinstance(val, str) and val is not None:
                 raise exceptions.ValidationError(
                     self.error_messages['not_a_string'],
                     code='not_a_string',
@@ -38,7 +37,7 @@ class HStoreField(Field):
                 )
 
     def to_python(self, value):
-        if isinstance(value, six.string_types):
+        if isinstance(value, str):
             value = json.loads(value)
         return value
 

django/contrib/postgres/fields/ranges.py

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ from psycopg2.extras import DateRange, DateTimeTZRange, NumericRange, Range
 
 from django.contrib.postgres import forms, lookups
 from django.db import models
-from django.utils import six
 
 from .utils import AttributeSetter
 
@@ -45,7 +44,7 @@ class RangeField(models.Field):
         return value
 
     def to_python(self, value):
-        if isinstance(value, six.string_types):
+        if isinstance(value, str):
             # Assume we're deserializing
             vals = json.loads(value)
             for end in ('lower', 'upper'):

django/contrib/postgres/forms/array.py

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ from django.contrib.postgres.validators import (
     ArrayMaxLengthValidator, ArrayMinLengthValidator,
 )
 from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
@@ -31,7 +30,7 @@ class SimpleArrayField(forms.CharField):
 
     def prepare_value(self, value):
         if isinstance(value, list):
-            return self.delimiter.join(six.text_type(self.base_field.prepare_value(v)) for v in value)
+            return self.delimiter.join(str(self.base_field.prepare_value(v)) for v in value)
         return value
 
     def to_python(self, value):

django/contrib/postgres/forms/hstore.py

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ import json
 
 from django import forms
 from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
 __all__ = ['HStoreField']
@@ -44,7 +43,7 @@ class HStoreField(forms.CharField):
         # Cast everything to strings for ease.
         for key, val in value.items():
             if val is not None:
-                val = six.text_type(val)
+                val = str(val)
             value[key] = val
         return value
 

django/contrib/postgres/forms/jsonb.py

@@ -1,17 +1,16 @@
 import json
 
 from django import forms
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
 __all__ = ['JSONField']
 
 
-class InvalidJSONInput(six.text_type):
+class InvalidJSONInput(str):
     pass
 
 
-class JSONString(six.text_type):
+class JSONString(str):
     pass
 
 
@@ -36,7 +35,7 @@ class JSONField(forms.CharField):
                 code='invalid',
                 params={'value': value},
             )
-        if isinstance(converted, six.text_type):
+        if isinstance(converted, str):
             return JSONString(converted)
         else:
             return converted

django/core/cache/backends/memcached.py

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import time
 import warnings
 
 from django.core.cache.backends.base import DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, BaseCache
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.deprecation import RemovedInDjango21Warning
 from django.utils.encoding import force_str
 from django.utils.functional import cached_property
@@ -15,7 +14,7 @@ from django.utils.functional import cached_property
 class BaseMemcachedCache(BaseCache):
     def __init__(self, server, params, library, value_not_found_exception):
         super(BaseMemcachedCache, self).__init__(params)
-        if isinstance(server, six.string_types):
+        if isinstance(server, str):
             self._servers = re.split('[;,]', server)
         else:
             self._servers = server

django/core/checks/templates.py

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import copy
 
 from django.conf import settings
-from django.utils import six
 
 from . import Error, Tags, register
 
@@ -32,7 +31,7 @@ def check_string_if_invalid_is_string(app_configs, **kwargs):
     errors = []
     for conf in settings.TEMPLATES:
         string_if_invalid = conf.get('OPTIONS', {}).get('string_if_invalid', '')
-        if not isinstance(string_if_invalid, six.string_types):
+        if not isinstance(string_if_invalid, str):
             error = copy.copy(E002)
             error.msg = error.msg.format(string_if_invalid, type(string_if_invalid).__name__)
             errors.append(error)

django/core/checks/urls.py

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 from collections import Counter
 
 from django.conf import settings
-from django.utils import six
 
 from . import Error, Tags, Warning, register
 
@@ -72,7 +71,7 @@ def get_warning_for_invalid_pattern(pattern):
     describe_pattern() cannot be used here, because we cannot rely on the
     urlpattern having regex or name attributes.
     """
-    if isinstance(pattern, six.string_types):
+    if isinstance(pattern, str):
         hint = (
             "Try removing the string '{}'. The list of urlpatterns should not "
             "have a prefix string as the first element.".format(pattern)

django/core/files/base.py

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ import os
 from io import BytesIO, StringIO, UnsupportedOperation
 
 from django.core.files.utils import FileProxyMixin
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.encoding import force_str, force_text
 
 
@@ -140,7 +139,7 @@ class ContentFile(File):
     A File-like object that takes just raw content, rather than an actual file.
     """
     def __init__(self, content, name=None):
-        stream_class = StringIO if isinstance(content, six.text_type) else BytesIO
+        stream_class = StringIO if isinstance(content, str) else BytesIO
         super(ContentFile, self).__init__(stream_class(content), name=name)
         self.size = len(content)
 
@@ -164,18 +163,18 @@ def endswith_cr(line):
     """
     Return True if line (a text or byte string) ends with '\r'.
     """
-    return line.endswith('\r' if isinstance(line, six.text_type) else b'\r')
+    return line.endswith('\r' if isinstance(line, str) else b'\r')
 
 
 def endswith_lf(line):
     """
     Return True if line (a text or byte string) ends with '\n'.
     """
-    return line.endswith('\n' if isinstance(line, six.text_type) else b'\n')
+    return line.endswith('\n' if isinstance(line, str) else b'\n')
 
 
 def equals_lf(line):
     """
     Return True if line (a text or byte string) equals '\n'.
     """
-    return line == ('\n' if isinstance(line, six.text_type) else b'\n')
+    return line == ('\n' if isinstance(line, str) else b'\n')

django/core/handlers/base.py

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ from django.conf import settings
 from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured, MiddlewareNotUsed
 from django.db import connections, transaction
 from django.urls import get_resolver, set_urlconf
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.module_loading import import_string
 
 from .exception import convert_exception_to_response, get_exception_response
@@ -42,7 +41,7 @@ class BaseHandler(object):
                 mw_instance = middleware(handler)
             except MiddlewareNotUsed as exc:
                 if settings.DEBUG:
-                    if six.text_type(exc):
+                    if str(exc):
                         logger.debug('MiddlewareNotUsed(%r): %s', middleware_path, exc)
                     else:
                         logger.debug('MiddlewareNotUsed: %r', middleware_path)

django/core/mail/backends/filebased.py

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ from django.conf import settings
 from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
 from django.core.mail.backends.console import \
     EmailBackend as ConsoleEmailBackend
-from django.utils import six
 
 
 class EmailBackend(ConsoleEmailBackend):
@@ -18,7 +17,7 @@ class EmailBackend(ConsoleEmailBackend):
         else:
             self.file_path = getattr(settings, 'EMAIL_FILE_PATH', None)
         # Make sure self.file_path is a string.
-        if not isinstance(self.file_path, six.string_types):
+        if not isinstance(self.file_path, str):
             raise ImproperlyConfigured('Path for saving emails is invalid: %r' % self.file_path)
         self.file_path = os.path.abspath(self.file_path)
         # Make sure that self.file_path is an directory if it exists.

django/core/mail/message.py

@@ -244,25 +244,25 @@ class EmailMessage(object):
         necessary encoding conversions.
         """
         if to:
-            if isinstance(to, six.string_types):
+            if isinstance(to, str):
                 raise TypeError('"to" argument must be a list or tuple')
             self.to = list(to)
         else:
             self.to = []
         if cc:
-            if isinstance(cc, six.string_types):
+            if isinstance(cc, str):
                 raise TypeError('"cc" argument must be a list or tuple')
             self.cc = list(cc)
         else:
             self.cc = []
         if bcc:
-            if isinstance(bcc, six.string_types):
+            if isinstance(bcc, str):
                 raise TypeError('"bcc" argument must be a list or tuple')
             self.bcc = list(bcc)
         else:
             self.bcc = []
         if reply_to:
-            if isinstance(reply_to, six.string_types):
+            if isinstance(reply_to, str):
                 raise TypeError('"reply_to" argument must be a list or tuple')
             self.reply_to = list(reply_to)
         else:
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ class EmailMessage(object):
             basetype, subtype = mimetype.split('/', 1)
 
             if basetype == 'text':
-                if isinstance(content, six.binary_type):
+                if isinstance(content, bytes):
                     try:
                         content = content.decode('utf-8')
                     except UnicodeDecodeError:

django/core/management/utils.py

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ def handle_extensions(extensions):
 def find_command(cmd, path=None, pathext=None):
     if path is None:
         path = os.environ.get('PATH', '').split(os.pathsep)
-    if isinstance(path, six.string_types):
+    if isinstance(path, str):
         path = [path]
     # check if there are funny path extensions for executables, e.g. Windows
     if pathext is None:

django/core/paginator.py

@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ class Page(collections.Sequence):
         return len(self.object_list)
 
     def __getitem__(self, index):
-        if not isinstance(index, (slice,) + six.integer_types):
+        if not isinstance(index, (int, slice)):
             raise TypeError
         # The object_list is converted to a list so that if it was a QuerySet
         # it won't be a database hit per __getitem__.

django/core/serializers/base.py

@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ class Deserializer(six.Iterator):
         Init this serializer given a stream or a string
         """
         self.options = options
-        if isinstance(stream_or_string, six.string_types):
+        if isinstance(stream_or_string, str):
             self.stream = six.StringIO(stream_or_string)
         else:
             self.stream = stream_or_string

django/core/serializers/json.py

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ def Deserializer(stream_or_string, **options):
     """
     Deserialize a stream or string of JSON data.
     """
-    if not isinstance(stream_or_string, (bytes, six.string_types)):
+    if not isinstance(stream_or_string, (bytes, str)):
         stream_or_string = stream_or_string.read()
     if isinstance(stream_or_string, bytes):
         stream_or_string = stream_or_string.decode('utf-8')
@@ -108,11 +108,7 @@ class DjangoJSONEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
             return r
         elif isinstance(o, datetime.timedelta):
             return duration_iso_string(o)
-        elif isinstance(o, decimal.Decimal):
+        elif isinstance(o, (decimal.Decimal, uuid.UUID, Promise)):
             return str(o)
-        elif isinstance(o, uuid.UUID):
-            return str(o)
-        elif isinstance(o, Promise):
-            return six.text_type(o)
         else:
             return super(DjangoJSONEncoder, self).default(o)

django/core/serializers/python.py

@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ def Deserializer(object_list, **options):
                 model = field.remote_field.model
                 if hasattr(model._default_manager, 'get_by_natural_key'):
                     def m2m_convert(value):
-                        if hasattr(value, '__iter__') and not isinstance(value, six.text_type):
+                        if hasattr(value, '__iter__') and not isinstance(value, str):
                             return model._default_manager.db_manager(db).get_by_natural_key(*value).pk
                         else:
                             return force_text(model._meta.pk.to_python(value), strings_only=True)
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ def Deserializer(object_list, **options):
                         default_manager = model._default_manager
                         field_name = field.remote_field.field_name
                         if hasattr(default_manager, 'get_by_natural_key'):
-                            if hasattr(field_value, '__iter__') and not isinstance(field_value, six.text_type):
+                            if hasattr(field_value, '__iter__') and not isinstance(field_value, str):
                                 obj = default_manager.db_manager(db).get_by_natural_key(*field_value)
                                 value = getattr(obj, field.remote_field.field_name)
                                 # If this is a natural foreign key to an object that

django/core/serializers/pyyaml.py

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ def Deserializer(stream_or_string, **options):
     """
     if isinstance(stream_or_string, bytes):
         stream_or_string = stream_or_string.decode('utf-8')
-    if isinstance(stream_or_string, six.string_types):
+    if isinstance(stream_or_string, str):
         stream = StringIO(stream_or_string)
     else:
         stream = stream_or_string

django/core/validators.py

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ import os
 import re
 
 from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.deconstruct import deconstructible
 from django.utils.encoding import force_text
 from django.utils.functional import SimpleLazyObject
@@ -18,7 +17,7 @@ def _lazy_re_compile(regex, flags=0):
     """Lazily compile a regex with flags."""
     def _compile():
         # Compile the regex if it was not passed pre-compiled.
-        if isinstance(regex, six.string_types):
+        if isinstance(regex, str):
             return re.compile(regex, flags)
         else:
             assert not flags, "flags must be empty if regex is passed pre-compiled"
@@ -45,7 +44,7 @@ class RegexValidator(object):
             self.inverse_match = inverse_match
         if flags is not None:
             self.flags = flags
-        if self.flags and not isinstance(self.regex, six.string_types):
+        if self.flags and not isinstance(self.regex, str):
             raise TypeError("If the flags are set, regex must be a regular expression string.")
 
         self.regex = _lazy_re_compile(self.regex, self.flags)

django/db/backends/base/operations.py

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ from importlib import import_module
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
 from django.db.backends import utils
-from django.utils import six, timezone
+from django.utils import timezone
 from django.utils.dateparse import parse_duration
 from django.utils.encoding import force_text
 
@@ -201,17 +201,17 @@ class BaseDatabaseOperations(object):
         exists for database backends to provide a better implementation
         according to their own quoting schemes.
         """
-        # Convert params to contain Unicode values.
-        def to_unicode(s):
+        # Convert params to contain string values.
+        def to_string(s):
             return force_text(s, strings_only=True, errors='replace')
         if isinstance(params, (list, tuple)):
-            u_params = tuple(to_unicode(val) for val in params)
+            u_params = tuple(to_string(val) for val in params)
         elif params is None:
             u_params = ()
         else:
-            u_params = {to_unicode(k): to_unicode(v) for k, v in params.items()}
+            u_params = {to_string(k): to_string(v) for k, v in params.items()}
 
-        return six.text_type("QUERY = %r - PARAMS = %r") % (sql, u_params)
+        return "QUERY = %r - PARAMS = %r" % (sql, u_params)
 
     def last_insert_id(self, cursor, table_name, pk_name):
         """
@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ class BaseDatabaseOperations(object):
         """
         if value is None:
             return None
-        return six.text_type(value)
+        return str(value)
 
     def adapt_datetimefield_value(self, value):
         """
@@ -471,7 +471,7 @@ class BaseDatabaseOperations(object):
         """
         if value is None:
             return None
-        return six.text_type(value)
+        return str(value)
 
     def adapt_timefield_value(self, value):
         """
@@ -482,7 +482,7 @@ class BaseDatabaseOperations(object):
             return None
         if timezone.is_aware(value):
             raise ValueError("Django does not support timezone-aware times.")
-        return six.text_type(value)
+        return str(value)
 
     def adapt_decimalfield_value(self, value, max_digits=None, decimal_places=None):
         """

django/db/backends/base/schema.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from datetime import datetime
 
 from django.db.backends.utils import strip_quotes
 from django.db.transaction import TransactionManagementError, atomic
-from django.utils import six, timezone
+from django.utils import timezone
 from django.utils.encoding import force_bytes
 
 logger = logging.getLogger('django.db.backends.schema')
@@ -206,9 +206,9 @@ class BaseDatabaseSchemaEditor(object):
             default = field.get_default()
         elif not field.null and field.blank and field.empty_strings_allowed:
             if field.get_internal_type() == "BinaryField":
-                default = six.binary_type()
+                default = bytes()
             else:
-                default = six.text_type()
+                default = str()
         elif getattr(field, 'auto_now', False) or getattr(field, 'auto_now_add', False):
             default = datetime.now()
             internal_type = field.get_internal_type()

django/db/backends/mysql/base.py

@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ class DatabaseWrapper(BaseDatabaseWrapper):
 
     def get_new_connection(self, conn_params):
         conn = Database.connect(**conn_params)
-        conn.encoders[SafeText] = conn.encoders[six.text_type]
+        conn.encoders[SafeText] = conn.encoders[str]
         conn.encoders[SafeBytes] = conn.encoders[bytes]
         return conn
 

django/db/backends/mysql/operations.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import uuid
 
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.db.backends.base.operations import BaseDatabaseOperations
-from django.utils import six, timezone
+from django.utils import timezone
 from django.utils.encoding import force_text
 
 
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ class DatabaseOperations(BaseDatabaseOperations):
         if not self.connection.features.supports_microsecond_precision:
             value = value.replace(microsecond=0)
 
-        return six.text_type(value)
+        return str(value)
 
     def adapt_timefield_value(self, value):
         if value is None:
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ class DatabaseOperations(BaseDatabaseOperations):
         if timezone.is_aware(value):
             raise ValueError("MySQL backend does not support timezone-aware times.")
 
-        return six.text_type(value)
+        return str(value)
 
     def max_name_length(self):
         return 64

django/db/backends/oracle/base.py

@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ class OracleParam(object):
             # To transmit to the database, we need Unicode if supported
             # To get size right, we must consider bytes.
             self.force_bytes = force_text(param, cursor.charset, strings_only)
-            if isinstance(self.force_bytes, six.string_types):
+            if isinstance(self.force_bytes, str):
                 # We could optimize by only converting up to 4000 bytes here
                 string_size = len(force_bytes(param, cursor.charset, strings_only))
         if hasattr(param, 'input_size'):
@@ -566,18 +566,5 @@ def _rowfactory(row, cursor):
                 value = decimal.Decimal(value)
             else:
                 value = int(value)
-        elif desc[1] in (Database.STRING, Database.FIXED_CHAR,
-                         Database.LONG_STRING):
-            value = to_unicode(value)
         casted.append(value)
     return tuple(casted)
-
-
-def to_unicode(s):
-    """
-    Convert strings to Unicode objects (and return all other data types
-    unchanged).
-    """
-    if isinstance(s, six.string_types):
-        return force_text(s)
-    return s

django/db/backends/oracle/operations.py

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import uuid
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.db.backends.base.operations import BaseDatabaseOperations
 from django.db.backends.utils import strip_quotes, truncate_name
-from django.utils import six, timezone
+from django.utils import timezone
 from django.utils.encoding import force_bytes, force_text
 
 from .base import Database
@@ -490,7 +490,7 @@ WHEN (new.%(col_name)s IS NULL)
         if hasattr(value, 'resolve_expression'):
             return value
 
-        if isinstance(value, six.string_types):
+        if isinstance(value, str):
             return datetime.datetime.strptime(value, '%H:%M:%S')
 
         # Oracle doesn't support tz-aware times

django/db/backends/oracle/schema.py

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import re
 
 from django.db.backends.base.schema import BaseDatabaseSchemaEditor
 from django.db.utils import DatabaseError
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.text import force_text
 
 
@@ -23,9 +22,9 @@ class DatabaseSchemaEditor(BaseDatabaseSchemaEditor):
     def quote_value(self, value):
         if isinstance(value, (datetime.date, datetime.time, datetime.datetime)):
             return "'%s'" % value
-        elif isinstance(value, six.string_types):
-            return "'%s'" % six.text_type(value).replace("\'", "\'\'")
-        elif isinstance(value, six.buffer_types):
+        elif isinstance(value, str):
+            return "'%s'" % value.replace("\'", "\'\'")
+        elif isinstance(value, (bytes, bytearray, memoryview)):
             return "'%s'" % force_text(binascii.hexlify(value))
         elif isinstance(value, bool):
             return "1" if value else "0"

django/db/backends/sqlite3/base.py

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
 from django.db import utils
 from django.db.backends import utils as backend_utils
 from django.db.backends.base.base import BaseDatabaseWrapper
-from django.utils import six, timezone
+from django.utils import timezone
 from django.utils.dateparse import (
     parse_date, parse_datetime, parse_duration, parse_time,
 )
@@ -425,12 +425,12 @@ def _sqlite_format_dtdelta(conn, lhs, rhs):
         - A string representing a datetime
     """
     try:
-        if isinstance(lhs, six.integer_types):
+        if isinstance(lhs, int):
             lhs = str(decimal.Decimal(lhs) / decimal.Decimal(1000000))
         real_lhs = parse_duration(lhs)
         if real_lhs is None:
             real_lhs = backend_utils.typecast_timestamp(lhs)
-        if isinstance(rhs, six.integer_types):
+        if isinstance(rhs, int):
             rhs = str(decimal.Decimal(rhs) / decimal.Decimal(1000000))
         real_rhs = parse_duration(rhs)
         if real_rhs is None:

django/db/backends/sqlite3/operations.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from django.db import utils
 from django.db.backends import utils as backend_utils
 from django.db.backends.base.operations import BaseDatabaseOperations
 from django.db.models import aggregates, fields
-from django.utils import six, timezone
+from django.utils import timezone
 from django.utils.dateparse import parse_date, parse_datetime, parse_time
 from django.utils.duration import duration_string
 
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ class DatabaseOperations(BaseDatabaseOperations):
             else:
                 raise ValueError("SQLite backend does not support timezone-aware datetimes when USE_TZ is False.")
 
-        return six.text_type(value)
+        return str(value)
 
     def adapt_timefield_value(self, value):
         if value is None:
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ class DatabaseOperations(BaseDatabaseOperations):
         if timezone.is_aware(value):
             raise ValueError("SQLite backend does not support timezone-aware times.")
 
-        return six.text_type(value)
+        return str(value)
 
     def get_db_converters(self, expression):
         converters = super(DatabaseOperations, self).get_db_converters(expression)

django/db/backends/sqlite3/schema.py

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ from decimal import Decimal
 
 from django.apps.registry import Apps
 from django.db.backends.base.schema import BaseDatabaseSchemaEditor
-from django.utils import six
 
 
 class DatabaseSchemaEditor(BaseDatabaseSchemaEditor):
@@ -46,15 +45,13 @@ class DatabaseSchemaEditor(BaseDatabaseSchemaEditor):
         # Manual emulation of SQLite parameter quoting
         if isinstance(value, type(True)):
             return str(int(value))
-        elif isinstance(value, (Decimal, float)):
+        elif isinstance(value, (Decimal, float, int)):
             return str(value)
-        elif isinstance(value, six.integer_types):
-            return str(value)
-        elif isinstance(value, six.string_types):
-            return "'%s'" % six.text_type(value).replace("\'", "\'\'")
+        elif isinstance(value, str):
+            return "'%s'" % value.replace("\'", "\'\'")
         elif value is None:
             return "NULL"
-        elif isinstance(value, (bytes, bytearray, six.memoryview)):
+        elif isinstance(value, (bytes, bytearray, memoryview)):
             # Bytes are only allowed for BLOB fields, encoded as string
             # literals containing hexadecimal data and preceded by a single "X"
             # character:

django/db/migrations/autodetector.py

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ from django.db.migrations.questioner import MigrationQuestioner
 from django.db.migrations.utils import (
     COMPILED_REGEX_TYPE, RegexObject, get_migration_name_timestamp,
 )
-from django.utils import six
 
 from .topological_sort import stable_topological_sort
 
@@ -538,7 +537,7 @@ class MigrationAutodetector(object):
             ]
             # Depend on all bases
             for base in model_state.bases:
-                if isinstance(base, six.string_types) and "." in base:
+                if isinstance(base, str) and "." in base:
                     base_app_label, base_name = base.split(".", 1)
                     dependencies.append((base_app_label, base_name, None, True))
             # Depend on the other end of the primary key if it's a relation
@@ -659,7 +658,7 @@ class MigrationAutodetector(object):
             ]
             # Depend on all bases
             for base in model_state.bases:
-                if isinstance(base, six.string_types) and "." in base:
+                if isinstance(base, str) and "." in base:
                     base_app_label, base_name = base.split(".", 1)
                     dependencies.append((base_app_label, base_name, None, True))
             # Generate creation operation

django/db/migrations/operations/models.py

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ from django.db.migrations.operations.base import Operation
 from django.db.migrations.state import ModelState
 from django.db.models.fields.related import RECURSIVE_RELATIONSHIP_CONSTANT
 from django.db.models.options import normalize_together
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.functional import cached_property
 
 from .fields import (
@@ -57,7 +56,7 @@ class CreateModel(ModelOperation):
         _check_for_duplicates('fields', (name for name, _ in self.fields))
         _check_for_duplicates('bases', (
             base._meta.label_lower if hasattr(base, '_meta') else
-            base.lower() if isinstance(base, six.string_types) else base
+            base.lower() if isinstance(base, str) else base
             for base in self.bases
         ))
         _check_for_duplicates('managers', (name for name, _ in self.managers))
@@ -110,7 +109,7 @@ class CreateModel(ModelOperation):
         # Check we didn't inherit from the model
         models_to_check = [
             base for base in self.bases
-            if base is not models.Model and isinstance(base, (models.base.ModelBase, six.string_types))
+            if base is not models.Model and isinstance(base, (models.base.ModelBase, str))
         ]
         # Check we have no FKs/M2Ms with it
         for fname, field in self.fields:
@@ -129,7 +128,7 @@ class CreateModel(ModelOperation):
         Take either a model class or an "app_label.ModelName" string
         and return (app_label, object_name).
         """
-        if isinstance(model, six.string_types):
+        if isinstance(model, str):
             return model.split(".", 1)
         else:
             return model._meta.app_label, model._meta.object_name

django/db/migrations/serializer.py

@@ -362,11 +362,11 @@ def serializer_factory(value):
         return SettingsReferenceSerializer(value)
     if isinstance(value, float):
         return FloatSerializer(value)
-    if isinstance(value, six.integer_types + (bool, type(None))):
+    if isinstance(value, (bool, int, type(None))):
         return BaseSimpleSerializer(value)
-    if isinstance(value, six.binary_type):
+    if isinstance(value, bytes):
         return ByteTypeSerializer(value)
-    if isinstance(value, six.text_type):
+    if isinstance(value, str):
         return TextTypeSerializer(value)
     if isinstance(value, decimal.Decimal):
         return DecimalSerializer(value)

django/db/migrations/state.py

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ from django.db.models.fields.proxy import OrderWrt
 from django.db.models.fields.related import RECURSIVE_RELATIONSHIP_CONSTANT
 from django.db.models.options import DEFAULT_NAMES, normalize_together
 from django.db.models.utils import make_model_tuple
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.encoding import force_text
 from django.utils.functional import cached_property
 from django.utils.module_loading import import_string
@@ -20,7 +19,7 @@ from .exceptions import InvalidBasesError
 
 
 def _get_app_label_and_model_name(model, app_label=''):
-    if isinstance(model, six.string_types):
+    if isinstance(model, str):
         split = model.split('.', 1)
         return (tuple(split) if len(split) == 2 else (app_label, split[0]))
     else:
@@ -37,7 +36,7 @@ def _get_related_models(m):
     ]
     related_fields_models = set()
     for f in m._meta.get_fields(include_parents=True, include_hidden=True):
-        if f.is_relation and f.related_model is not None and not isinstance(f.related_model, six.string_types):
+        if f.is_relation and f.related_model is not None and not isinstance(f.related_model, str):
             related_fields_models.add(f.model)
             related_models.append(f.related_model)
     # Reverse accessors of foreign keys to proxy models are attached to their
@@ -458,7 +457,7 @@ class ModelState(object):
                     options[name] = set(normalize_together(it))
                 else:
                     options[name] = model._meta.original_attrs[name]
-        # Force-convert all options to text_type (#23226)
+        # Force-convert all options to str (#23226)
         options = cls.force_text_recursive(options)
         # If we're ignoring relationships, remove all field-listing model
         # options (that option basically just means "make a stub model")
@@ -496,7 +495,7 @@ class ModelState(object):
             for base in flattened_bases
         )
         # Ensure at least one base inherits from models.Model
-        if not any((isinstance(base, six.string_types) or issubclass(base, models.Model)) for base in bases):
+        if not any((isinstance(base, str) or issubclass(base, models.Model)) for base in bases):
             bases = (models.Model,)
 
         managers = []
@@ -539,9 +538,7 @@ class ModelState(object):
 
     @classmethod
     def force_text_recursive(cls, value):
-        if isinstance(value, six.string_types):
-            return force_text(value)
-        elif isinstance(value, list):
+        if isinstance(value, list):
             return [cls.force_text_recursive(x) for x in value]
         elif isinstance(value, tuple):
             return tuple(cls.force_text_recursive(x) for x in value)
@@ -588,7 +585,7 @@ class ModelState(object):
         # Then, work out our bases
         try:
             bases = tuple(
-                (apps.get_model(base) if isinstance(base, six.string_types) else base)
+                (apps.get_model(base) if isinstance(base, str) else base)
                 for base in self.bases
             )
         except LookupError:

django/db/models/base.py

@@ -504,7 +504,7 @@ class Model(six.with_metaclass(ModelBase)):
 
     def __repr__(self):
         try:
-            u = six.text_type(self)
+            u = str(self)
         except (UnicodeEncodeError, UnicodeDecodeError):
             u = '[Bad Unicode data]'
         return force_str('<%s: %s>' % (self.__class__.__name__, u))
@@ -1089,12 +1089,12 @@ class Model(six.with_metaclass(ModelBase)):
             code='unique_for_date',
             params={
                 'model': self,
-                'model_name': six.text_type(capfirst(opts.verbose_name)),
+                'model_name': capfirst(opts.verbose_name),
                 'lookup_type': lookup_type,
                 'field': field_name,
-                'field_label': six.text_type(capfirst(field.verbose_name)),
+                'field_label': capfirst(field.verbose_name),
                 'date_field': unique_for,
-                'date_field_label': six.text_type(capfirst(opts.get_field(unique_for).verbose_name)),
+                'date_field_label': capfirst(opts.get_field(unique_for).verbose_name),
             }
         )
 
@@ -1104,14 +1104,14 @@ class Model(six.with_metaclass(ModelBase)):
         params = {
             'model': self,
             'model_class': model_class,
-            'model_name': six.text_type(capfirst(opts.verbose_name)),
+            'model_name': capfirst(opts.verbose_name),
             'unique_check': unique_check,
         }
 
         # A unique field
         if len(unique_check) == 1:
             field = opts.get_field(unique_check[0])
-            params['field_label'] = six.text_type(capfirst(field.verbose_name))
+            params['field_label'] = capfirst(field.verbose_name)
             return ValidationError(
                 message=field.error_messages['unique'],
                 code='unique',
@@ -1121,7 +1121,7 @@ class Model(six.with_metaclass(ModelBase)):
         # unique_together
         else:
             field_labels = [capfirst(opts.get_field(f).verbose_name) for f in unique_check]
-            params['field_labels'] = six.text_type(get_text_list(field_labels, _('and')))
+            params['field_labels'] = get_text_list(field_labels, _('and'))
             return ValidationError(
                 message=_("%(model_name)s with this %(field_labels)s already exists."),
                 code='unique_together',
@@ -1647,7 +1647,7 @@ class Model(six.with_metaclass(ModelBase)):
 
         for f in cls._meta.local_many_to_many:
             # Skip nonexistent models.
-            if isinstance(f.remote_field.through, six.string_types):
+            if isinstance(f.remote_field.through, str):
                 continue
 
             # Check if auto-generated name for the M2M field is too long

django/db/models/expressions.py

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ from django.core.exceptions import EmptyResultSet, FieldError
 from django.db.backends import utils as backend_utils
 from django.db.models import fields
 from django.db.models.query_utils import Q
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.functional import cached_property
 
 
@@ -149,7 +148,7 @@ class BaseExpression(object):
     def _parse_expressions(self, *expressions):
         return [
             arg if hasattr(arg, 'resolve_expression') else (
-                F(arg) if isinstance(arg, six.string_types) else Value(arg)
+                F(arg) if isinstance(arg, str) else Value(arg)
             ) for arg in expressions
         ]
 

django/db/models/fields/__init__.py

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ from django.core.exceptions import FieldDoesNotExist  # NOQA
 from django.db import connection, connections, router
 from django.db.models.constants import LOOKUP_SEP
 from django.db.models.query_utils import DeferredAttribute, RegisterLookupMixin
-from django.utils import six, timezone
+from django.utils import timezone
 from django.utils.datastructures import DictWrapper
 from django.utils.dateparse import (
     parse_date, parse_datetime, parse_duration, parse_time,
@@ -244,8 +244,7 @@ class Field(RegisterLookupMixin):
 
     def _check_choices(self):
         if self.choices:
-            if (isinstance(self.choices, six.string_types) or
-                    not is_iterable(self.choices)):
+            if isinstance(self.choices, str) or not is_iterable(self.choices):
                 return [
                     checks.Error(
                         "'choices' must be an iterable (e.g., a list or tuple).",
@@ -253,7 +252,7 @@ class Field(RegisterLookupMixin):
                         id='fields.E004',
                     )
                 ]
-            elif any(isinstance(choice, six.string_types) or
+            elif any(isinstance(choice, str) or
                      not is_iterable(choice) or len(choice) != 2
                      for choice in self.choices):
                 return [
@@ -763,7 +762,7 @@ class Field(RegisterLookupMixin):
 
         if not self.empty_strings_allowed or self.null and not connection.features.interprets_empty_strings_as_nulls:
             return return_None
-        return six.text_type  # returns empty string
+        return str  # returns empty string
 
     def get_choices(self, include_blank=True, blank_choice=BLANK_CHOICE_DASH, limit_choices_to=None):
         """Returns choices with a default blank choices included, for use
@@ -1038,7 +1037,7 @@ class CharField(Field):
                     id='fields.E120',
                 )
             ]
-        elif not isinstance(self.max_length, six.integer_types) or self.max_length <= 0:
+        elif not isinstance(self.max_length, int) or self.max_length <= 0:
             return [
                 checks.Error(
                     "'max_length' must be a positive integer.",
@@ -1053,7 +1052,7 @@ class CharField(Field):
         return "CharField"
 
     def to_python(self, value):
-        if isinstance(value, six.string_types) or value is None:
+        if isinstance(value, str) or value is None:
             return value
         return force_text(value)
 
@@ -1535,7 +1534,7 @@ class DecimalField(Field):
             )
 
     def _format(self, value):
-        if isinstance(value, six.string_types):
+        if isinstance(value, str):
             return value
         else:
             return self.format_number(value)
@@ -1703,7 +1702,7 @@ class FilePathField(Field):
         value = super(FilePathField, self).get_prep_value(value)
         if value is None:
             return None
-        return six.text_type(value)
+        return str(value)
 
     def formfield(self, **kwargs):
         defaults = {
@@ -1867,7 +1866,7 @@ class IPAddressField(Field):
         value = super(IPAddressField, self).get_prep_value(value)
         if value is None:
             return None
-        return six.text_type(value)
+        return str(value)
 
     def get_internal_type(self):
         return "IPAddressField"
@@ -1922,7 +1921,7 @@ class GenericIPAddressField(Field):
     def to_python(self, value):
         if value is None:
             return None
-        if not isinstance(value, six.string_types):
+        if not isinstance(value, str):
             value = force_text(value)
         value = value.strip()
         if ':' in value:
@@ -1943,7 +1942,7 @@ class GenericIPAddressField(Field):
                 return clean_ipv6_address(value, self.unpack_ipv4)
             except exceptions.ValidationError:
                 pass
-        return six.text_type(value)
+        return str(value)
 
     def formfield(self, **kwargs):
         defaults = {
@@ -2094,7 +2093,7 @@ class TextField(Field):
         return "TextField"
 
     def to_python(self, value):
-        if isinstance(value, six.string_types) or value is None:
+        if isinstance(value, str) or value is None:
             return value
         return force_text(value)
 
@@ -2310,8 +2309,8 @@ class BinaryField(Field):
 
     def to_python(self, value):
         # If it's a string, it should be base64-encoded data
-        if isinstance(value, six.text_type):
-            return six.memoryview(b64decode(force_bytes(value)))
+        if isinstance(value, str):
+            return memoryview(b64decode(force_bytes(value)))
         return value
 
 

django/db/models/fields/files.py

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ from django.core.files.storage import default_storage
 from django.core.validators import validate_image_file_extension
 from django.db.models import signals
 from django.db.models.fields import Field
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.encoding import force_str, force_text
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
@@ -181,7 +180,7 @@ class FileDescriptor(object):
         # subclasses might also want to subclass the attribute class]. This
         # object understands how to convert a path to a file, and also how to
         # handle None.
-        if isinstance(file, six.string_types) or file is None:
+        if isinstance(file, str) or file is None:
             attr = self.field.attr_class(instance, self.field, file)
             instance.__dict__[self.field.name] = attr
 
@@ -253,7 +252,7 @@ class FileField(Field):
             return []
 
     def _check_upload_to(self):
-        if isinstance(self.upload_to, six.string_types) and self.upload_to.startswith('/'):
+        if isinstance(self.upload_to, str) and self.upload_to.startswith('/'):
             return [
                 checks.Error(
                     "%s's 'upload_to' argument must be a relative path, not an "
@@ -284,7 +283,7 @@ class FileField(Field):
         # Need to convert File objects provided via a form to unicode for database insertion
         if value is None:
             return None
-        return six.text_type(value)
+        return str(value)
 
     def pre_save(self, model_instance, add):
         "Returns field's value just before saving."

django/db/models/fields/related.py

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ from django.db.models.constants import LOOKUP_SEP
 from django.db.models.deletion import CASCADE, SET_DEFAULT, SET_NULL
 from django.db.models.query_utils import PathInfo
 from django.db.models.utils import make_model_tuple
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.encoding import force_text
 from django.utils.functional import cached_property, curry
 from django.utils.lru_cache import lru_cache
@@ -52,7 +51,7 @@ def resolve_relation(scope_model, relation):
         relation = scope_model
 
     # Look for an "app.Model" relation
-    if isinstance(relation, six.string_types):
+    if isinstance(relation, str):
         if "." not in relation:
             relation = "%s.%s" % (scope_model._meta.app_label, relation)
 
@@ -160,7 +159,7 @@ class RelatedField(Field):
 
     def _check_relation_model_exists(self):
         rel_is_missing = self.remote_field.model not in self.opts.apps.get_models()
-        rel_is_string = isinstance(self.remote_field.model, six.string_types)
+        rel_is_string = isinstance(self.remote_field.model, str)
         model_name = self.remote_field.model if rel_is_string else self.remote_field.model._meta.object_name
         if rel_is_missing and (rel_is_string or not self.remote_field.model._meta.swapped):
             return [
@@ -175,7 +174,7 @@ class RelatedField(Field):
 
     def _check_referencing_to_swapped_model(self):
         if (self.remote_field.model not in self.opts.apps.get_models() and
-                not isinstance(self.remote_field.model, six.string_types) and
+                not isinstance(self.remote_field.model, str) and
                 self.remote_field.model._meta.swapped):
             model = "%s.%s" % (
                 self.remote_field.model._meta.app_label,
@@ -364,7 +363,7 @@ class RelatedField(Field):
         """
         if self.swappable:
             # Work out string form of "to"
-            if isinstance(self.remote_field.model, six.string_types):
+            if isinstance(self.remote_field.model, str):
                 to_string = self.remote_field.model
             else:
                 to_string = self.remote_field.model._meta.label
@@ -479,7 +478,7 @@ class ForeignObject(RelatedField):
 
     def _check_to_fields_exist(self):
         # Skip nonexistent models.
-        if isinstance(self.remote_field.model, six.string_types):
+        if isinstance(self.remote_field.model, str):
             return []
 
         errors = []
@@ -500,7 +499,7 @@ class ForeignObject(RelatedField):
         return errors
 
     def _check_unique_target(self):
-        rel_is_string = isinstance(self.remote_field.model, six.string_types)
+        rel_is_string = isinstance(self.remote_field.model, str)
         if rel_is_string or not self.requires_unique_target:
             return []
 
@@ -568,7 +567,7 @@ class ForeignObject(RelatedField):
         if self.remote_field.parent_link:
             kwargs['parent_link'] = self.remote_field.parent_link
         # Work out string form of "to"
-        if isinstance(self.remote_field.model, six.string_types):
+        if isinstance(self.remote_field.model, str):
             kwargs['to'] = self.remote_field.model
         else:
             kwargs['to'] = "%s.%s" % (
@@ -598,7 +597,7 @@ class ForeignObject(RelatedField):
     def resolve_related_fields(self):
         if len(self.from_fields) < 1 or len(self.from_fields) != len(self.to_fields):
             raise ValueError('Foreign Object from and to fields must be the same non-zero length')
-        if isinstance(self.remote_field.model, six.string_types):
+        if isinstance(self.remote_field.model, str):
             raise ValueError('Related model %r cannot be resolved' % self.remote_field.model)
         related_fields = []
         for index in range(len(self.from_fields)):
@@ -772,7 +771,7 @@ class ForeignKey(ForeignObject):
         try:
             to._meta.model_name
         except AttributeError:
-            assert isinstance(to, six.string_types), (
+            assert isinstance(to, str), (
                 "%s(%r) is invalid. First parameter to ForeignKey must be "
                 "either a model, a model name, or the string %r" % (
                     self.__class__.__name__, to,
@@ -926,7 +925,7 @@ class ForeignKey(ForeignObject):
 
     def formfield(self, **kwargs):
         db = kwargs.pop('using', None)
-        if isinstance(self.remote_field.model, six.string_types):
+        if isinstance(self.remote_field.model, str):
             raise ValueError("Cannot create form field for %r yet, because "
                              "its related model %r has not been loaded yet" %
                              (self.name, self.remote_field.model))
@@ -948,7 +947,7 @@ class ForeignKey(ForeignObject):
         return {"type": self.db_type(connection), "check": self.db_check(connection)}
 
     def convert_empty_strings(self, value, expression, connection, context):
-        if (not value) and isinstance(value, six.string_types):
+        if (not value) and isinstance(value, str):
             return None
         return value
 
@@ -1082,14 +1081,11 @@ class ManyToManyField(RelatedField):
         try:
             to._meta
         except AttributeError:
-            assert isinstance(to, six.string_types), (
+            assert isinstance(to, str), (
                 "%s(%r) is invalid. First parameter to ManyToManyField must be "
                 "either a model, a model name, or the string %r" %
                 (self.__class__.__name__, to, RECURSIVE_RELATIONSHIP_CONSTANT)
             )
-            # Class names must be ASCII in Python 2.x, so we forcibly coerce it
-            # here to break early if there's a problem.
-            to = str(to)
 
         if symmetrical is None:
             symmetrical = (to == RECURSIVE_RELATIONSHIP_CONSTANT)
@@ -1197,7 +1193,7 @@ class ManyToManyField(RelatedField):
             # Set some useful local variables
             to_model = resolve_relation(from_model, self.remote_field.model)
             from_model_name = from_model._meta.object_name
-            if isinstance(to_model, six.string_types):
+            if isinstance(to_model, str):
                 to_model_name = to_model
             else:
                 to_model_name = to_model._meta.object_name
@@ -1368,7 +1364,7 @@ class ManyToManyField(RelatedField):
         return errors
 
     def _check_table_uniqueness(self, **kwargs):
-        if isinstance(self.remote_field.through, six.string_types) or not self.remote_field.through._meta.managed:
+        if isinstance(self.remote_field.through, str) or not self.remote_field.through._meta.managed:
             return []
         registered_tables = {
             model._meta.db_table: model
@@ -1411,7 +1407,7 @@ class ManyToManyField(RelatedField):
         if self.remote_field.related_query_name is not None:
             kwargs['related_query_name'] = self.remote_field.related_query_name
         # Rel needs more work.
-        if isinstance(self.remote_field.model, six.string_types):
+        if isinstance(self.remote_field.model, str):
             kwargs['to'] = self.remote_field.model
         else:
             kwargs['to'] = "%s.%s" % (
@@ -1419,7 +1415,7 @@ class ManyToManyField(RelatedField):
                 self.remote_field.model._meta.object_name,
             )
         if getattr(self.remote_field, 'through', None) is not None:
-            if isinstance(self.remote_field.through, six.string_types):
+            if isinstance(self.remote_field.through, str):
                 kwargs['through'] = self.remote_field.through
             elif not self.remote_field.through._meta.auto_created:
                 kwargs['through'] = "%s.%s" % (

django/db/models/options.py

@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ class Options(object):
         """
         if self.proxy or self.swapped or not self.managed:
             return False
-        if isinstance(connection, six.string_types):
+        if isinstance(connection, str):
             connection = connections[connection]
         if self.required_db_vendor:
             return self.required_db_vendor == connection.vendor
@@ -689,7 +689,7 @@ class Options(object):
                 if f.is_relation and f.related_model is not None
             )
             for f in fields_with_relations:
-                if not isinstance(f.remote_field.model, six.string_types):
+                if not isinstance(f.remote_field.model, str):
                     related_objects_graph[f.remote_field.model._meta.concrete_model._meta].append(f)
 
         for model in all_models:

django/db/models/query.py

@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ class QuerySet(object):
         """
         Retrieves an item or slice from the set of results.
         """
-        if not isinstance(k, (slice,) + six.integer_types):
+        if not isinstance(k, (int, slice)):
             raise TypeError
         assert ((not isinstance(k, slice) and (k >= 0)) or
                 (isinstance(k, slice) and (k.start is None or k.start >= 0) and

django/db/models/signals.py

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ from functools import partial
 
 from django.db.models.utils import make_model_tuple
 from django.dispatch import Signal
-from django.utils import six
 
 
 class_prepared = Signal(providing_args=["class"])
@@ -18,7 +17,7 @@ class ModelSignal(Signal):
 
         # This partial takes a single optional argument named "sender".
         partial_method = partial(method, receiver, **kwargs)
-        if isinstance(sender, six.string_types):
+        if isinstance(sender, str):
             apps = apps or Options.default_apps
             apps.lazy_model_operation(partial_method, make_model_tuple(sender))
         else:

django/db/models/utils.py

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-from django.utils import six
-
-
 def make_model_tuple(model):
     """
     Takes a model or a string of the form "app_label.ModelName" and returns a
@@ -10,7 +7,7 @@ def make_model_tuple(model):
     try:
         if isinstance(model, tuple):
             model_tuple = model
-        elif isinstance(model, six.string_types):
+        elif isinstance(model, str):
             app_label, model_name = model.split(".")
             model_tuple = app_label, model_name.lower()
         else:

django/db/utils.py

@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ class ConnectionRouter(object):
             self._routers = settings.DATABASE_ROUTERS
         routers = []
         for r in self._routers:
-            if isinstance(r, six.string_types):
+            if isinstance(r, str):
                 router = import_string(r)()
             else:
                 router = r

django/forms/boundfield.py

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ import warnings
 
 from django.forms.utils import flatatt, pretty_name
 from django.forms.widgets import Textarea, TextInput
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.deprecation import RemovedInDjango21Warning
 from django.utils.encoding import force_text
 from django.utils.functional import cached_property
@@ -63,7 +62,7 @@ class BoundField(object):
     def __getitem__(self, idx):
         # Prevent unnecessary reevaluation when accessing BoundField's attrs
         # from templates.
-        if not isinstance(idx, six.integer_types + (slice,)):
+        if not isinstance(idx, (int, slice)):
             raise TypeError
         return self.subwidgets[idx]
 

django/forms/fields.py

@@ -393,10 +393,10 @@ class BaseTemporalField(Field):
     def to_python(self, value):
         # Try to coerce the value to unicode.
         unicode_value = force_text(value, strings_only=True)
-        if isinstance(unicode_value, six.text_type):
+        if isinstance(unicode_value, str):
             value = unicode_value.strip()
         # If unicode, try to strptime against each input format.
-        if isinstance(value, six.text_type):
+        if isinstance(value, str):
             for format in self.input_formats:
                 try:
                     return self.strptime(value, format)
@@ -521,7 +521,7 @@ class RegexField(CharField):
         return self._regex
 
     def _set_regex(self, regex):
-        if isinstance(regex, six.string_types):
+        if isinstance(regex, str):
             regex = re.compile(regex, re.UNICODE)
         self._regex = regex
         if hasattr(self, '_regex_validator') and self._regex_validator in self.validators:
@@ -712,7 +712,7 @@ class BooleanField(Field):
         # will submit for False. Also check for '0', since this is what
         # RadioSelect will provide. Because bool("True") == bool('1') == True,
         # we don't need to handle that explicitly.
-        if isinstance(value, six.string_types) and value.lower() in ('false', '0'):
+        if isinstance(value, str) and value.lower() in ('false', '0'):
             value = False
         else:
             value = bool(value)

django/forms/forms.py

@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ class BaseForm(object):
                     top_errors.extend(
                         [_('(Hidden field %(name)s) %(error)s') % {'name': name, 'error': force_text(e)}
                          for e in bf_errors])
-                hidden_fields.append(six.text_type(bf))
+                hidden_fields.append(str(bf))
             else:
                 # Create a 'class="..."' attribute if the row should have any
                 # CSS classes applied.
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ class BaseForm(object):
                 output.append(normal_row % {
                     'errors': force_text(bf_errors),
                     'label': force_text(label),
-                    'field': six.text_type(bf),
+                    'field': str(bf),
                     'help_text': help_text,
                     'html_class_attr': html_class_attr,
                     'css_classes': css_classes,

django/forms/formsets.py

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ from django.forms import Form
 from django.forms.fields import BooleanField, IntegerField
 from django.forms.utils import ErrorList
 from django.forms.widgets import HiddenInput
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.functional import cached_property
 from django.utils.html import html_safe
 from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
@@ -416,17 +415,17 @@ class BaseFormSet(object):
         # probably should be. It might make sense to render each form as a
         # table row with each field as a td.
         forms = ' '.join(form.as_table() for form in self)
-        return mark_safe('\n'.join([six.text_type(self.management_form), forms]))
+        return mark_safe('\n'.join([str(self.management_form), forms]))
 
     def as_p(self):
         "Returns this formset rendered as HTML <p>s."
         forms = ' '.join(form.as_p() for form in self)
-        return mark_safe('\n'.join([six.text_type(self.management_form), forms]))
+        return mark_safe('\n'.join([str(self.management_form), forms]))
 
     def as_ul(self):
         "Returns this formset rendered as HTML <li>s."
         forms = ' '.join(form.as_ul() for form in self)
-        return mark_safe('\n'.join([six.text_type(self.management_form), forms]))
+        return mark_safe('\n'.join([str(self.management_form), forms]))
 
 
 def formset_factory(form, formset=BaseFormSet, extra=1, can_order=False,

django/forms/models.py

@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ class ModelFormMetaclass(DeclarativeFieldsMetaclass):
         # of ('foo',)
         for opt in ['fields', 'exclude', 'localized_fields']:
             value = getattr(opts, opt)
-            if isinstance(value, six.string_types) and value != ALL_FIELDS:
+            if isinstance(value, str) and value != ALL_FIELDS:
                 msg = ("%(model)s.Meta.%(opt)s cannot be a string. "
                        "Did you mean to type: ('%(value)s',)?" % {
                            'model': new_class.__name__,
@@ -727,7 +727,7 @@ class BaseModelFormSet(BaseFormSet):
             }
         else:
             return ugettext("Please correct the duplicate data for %(field)s, which must be unique.") % {
-                "field": get_text_list(unique_check, six.text_type(_("and"))),
+                "field": get_text_list(unique_check, _("and")),
             }
 
     def get_date_error_message(self, date_check):
@@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ class BaseModelFormSet(BaseFormSet):
         ) % {
             'field_name': date_check[2],
             'date_field': date_check[3],
-            'lookup': six.text_type(date_check[1]),
+            'lookup': str(date_check[1]),
         }
 
     def get_form_error(self):
@@ -1305,7 +1305,7 @@ class ModelMultipleChoiceField(ModelChoiceField):
 
     def prepare_value(self, value):
         if (hasattr(value, '__iter__') and
-                not isinstance(value, six.text_type) and
+                not isinstance(value, str) and
                 not hasattr(value, '_meta')):
             return [super(ModelMultipleChoiceField, self).prepare_value(v) for v in value]
         return super(ModelMultipleChoiceField, self).prepare_value(value)

django/forms/widgets.py

@@ -498,7 +498,7 @@ class CheckboxInput(Input):
         value = data.get(name)
         # Translate true and false strings to boolean values.
         values = {'true': True, 'false': False}
-        if isinstance(value, six.string_types):
+        if isinstance(value, str):
             value = values.get(value.lower(), value)
         return bool(value)
 
@@ -671,10 +671,7 @@ class Select(ChoiceWidget):
     def _choice_has_empty_value(choice):
         """Return True if the choice's value is empty string or None."""
         value, _ = choice
-        return (
-            (isinstance(value, six.string_types) and not bool(value)) or
-            value is None
-        )
+        return (isinstance(value, str) and not bool(value)) or value is None
 
     def use_required_attribute(self, initial):
         """
@@ -986,7 +983,7 @@ class SelectDateWidget(Widget):
         year, month, day = None, None, None
         if isinstance(value, (datetime.date, datetime.datetime)):
             year, month, day = value.year, value.month, value.day
-        elif isinstance(value, six.string_types):
+        elif isinstance(value, str):
             if settings.USE_L10N:
                 try:
                     input_format = get_format('DATE_INPUT_FORMATS')[0]

django/http/multipartparser.py

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ class MultiPartParser(object):
             # This means we shouldn't continue...raise an error.
             raise MultiPartParserError("Invalid content length: %r" % content_length)
 
-        if isinstance(boundary, six.text_type):
+        if isinstance(boundary, str):
             boundary = boundary.encode('ascii')
         self._boundary = boundary
         self._input_data = input_data

django/http/request.py

@@ -522,7 +522,7 @@ def bytes_to_text(s, encoding):
     Returns any non-basestring objects without change.
     """
     if isinstance(s, bytes):
-        return six.text_type(s, encoding, 'replace')
+        return str(s, encoding, 'replace')
     else:
         return s
 

django/http/response.py

@@ -113,10 +113,10 @@ class HttpResponseBase(six.Iterator):
         `value` can't be represented in the given charset, MIME-encoding
         is applied.
         """
-        if not isinstance(value, (bytes, six.text_type)):
+        if not isinstance(value, (bytes, str)):
             value = str(value)
         if ((isinstance(value, bytes) and (b'\n' in value or b'\r' in value)) or
-                isinstance(value, six.text_type) and ('\n' in value or '\r' in value)):
+                isinstance(value, str) and ('\n' in value or '\r' in value)):
             raise BadHeaderError("Header values can't contain newlines (got %r)" % value)
         try:
             if isinstance(value, str):
@@ -226,11 +226,11 @@ class HttpResponseBase(six.Iterator):
         # This doesn't make a copy when `value` already contains bytes.
 
         # Handle string types -- we can't rely on force_bytes here because:
-        # - under Python 3 it attempts str conversion first
+        # - Python attempts str conversion first
         # - when self._charset != 'utf-8' it re-encodes the content
         if isinstance(value, bytes):
             return bytes(value)
-        if isinstance(value, six.text_type):
+        if isinstance(value, str):
             return bytes(value.encode(self.charset))
 
         # Handle non-string types (#16494)
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ class HttpResponse(HttpResponseBase):
     @content.setter
     def content(self, value):
         # Consume iterators upon assignment to allow repeated iteration.
-        if hasattr(value, '__iter__') and not isinstance(value, (bytes, six.string_types)):
+        if hasattr(value, '__iter__') and not isinstance(value, (bytes, str)):
             content = b''.join(self.make_bytes(chunk) for chunk in value)
             if hasattr(value, 'close'):
                 try:

django/shortcuts.py

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ from django.http import (
 )
 from django.template import loader
 from django.urls import NoReverseMatch, reverse
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.encoding import force_text
 from django.utils.functional import Promise
 
@@ -137,7 +136,7 @@ def resolve_url(to, *args, **kwargs):
         # further to some Python functions like urlparse.
         to = force_text(to)
 
-    if isinstance(to, six.string_types):
+    if isinstance(to, str):
         # Handle relative URLs
         if to.startswith(('./', '../')):
             return to

django/template/base.py

@@ -56,7 +56,6 @@ import re
 from django.template.context import (  # NOQA: imported for backwards compatibility
     BaseContext, Context, ContextPopException, RequestContext,
 )
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.encoding import force_str, force_text
 from django.utils.formats import localize
 from django.utils.html import conditional_escape, escape
@@ -771,7 +770,7 @@ class Variable(object):
         self.translate = False
         self.message_context = None
 
-        if not isinstance(var, six.string_types):
+        if not isinstance(var, str):
             raise TypeError(
                 "Variable must be a string or number, got %s" % type(var))
         try:

django/template/defaultfilters.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ from functools import wraps
 from operator import itemgetter
 from pprint import pformat
 
-from django.utils import formats, six
+from django.utils import formats
 from django.utils.dateformat import format, time_format
 from django.utils.encoding import force_text, iri_to_uri
 from django.utils.html import (
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ def floatformat(text, arg=-1):
         # Avoid conversion to scientific notation by accessing `sign`, `digits`
         # and `exponent` from `Decimal.as_tuple()` directly.
         sign, digits, exponent = d.quantize(exp, ROUND_HALF_UP, Context(prec=prec)).as_tuple()
-        digits = [six.text_type(digit) for digit in reversed(digits)]
+        digits = [str(digit) for digit in reversed(digits)]
         while len(digits) <= abs(exponent):
             digits.append('0')
         digits.insert(-exponent, '.')
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ def linenumbers(value, autoescape=True):
     lines = value.split('\n')
     # Find the maximum width of the line count, for use with zero padding
     # string format command
-    width = six.text_type(len(six.text_type(len(lines))))
+    width = str(len(str(len(lines))))
     if not autoescape or isinstance(value, SafeData):
         for i, line in enumerate(lines):
             lines[i] = ("%0" + width + "d. %s") % (i + 1, line)
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ def stringformat(value, arg):
     for documentation of Python string formatting.
     """
     try:
-        return ("%" + six.text_type(arg)) % value
+        return ("%" + str(arg)) % value
     except (ValueError, TypeError):
         return ""
 
@@ -675,7 +675,7 @@ def unordered_list(value, autoescape=True):
                 except StopIteration:
                     yield item, None
                     break
-                if not isinstance(next_item, six.string_types):
+                if not isinstance(next_item, str):
                     try:
                         iter(next_item)
                     except TypeError:

django/template/engine.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
-from django.utils import lru_cache, six
+from django.utils import lru_cache
 from django.utils.functional import cached_property
 from django.utils.module_loading import import_string
 
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ class Engine(object):
         else:
             args = []
 
-        if isinstance(loader, six.string_types):
+        if isinstance(loader, str):
             loader_class = import_string(loader)
             return loader_class(self, *args)
         else:

django/template/library.py

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import functools
 from importlib import import_module
 
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.html import conditional_escape
 from django.utils.inspect import getargspec
 from django.utils.itercompat import is_iterable
@@ -220,7 +219,7 @@ class InclusionNode(TagHelperNode):
                 t = self.filename
             elif isinstance(getattr(self.filename, 'template', None), Template):
                 t = self.filename.template
-            elif not isinstance(self.filename, six.string_types) and is_iterable(self.filename):
+            elif not isinstance(self.filename, str) and is_iterable(self.filename):
                 t = context.template.engine.select_template(self.filename)
             else:
                 t = context.template.engine.get_template(self.filename)

django/template/loader.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from django.utils import six
-
 from . import engines
 from .exceptions import TemplateDoesNotExist
 
@@ -29,7 +27,7 @@ def select_template(template_name_list, using=None):
 
     Raises TemplateDoesNotExist if no such template exists.
     """
-    if isinstance(template_name_list, six.string_types):
+    if isinstance(template_name_list, str):
         raise TypeError(
             'select_template() takes an iterable of template names but got a '
             'string: %r. Use get_template() if you want to load a single '

django/template/response.py

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 from django.http import HttpResponse
-from django.utils import six
 
 from .loader import get_template, select_template
 
@@ -62,7 +61,7 @@ class SimpleTemplateResponse(HttpResponse):
         "Accepts a template object, path-to-template or list of paths"
         if isinstance(template, (list, tuple)):
             return select_template(template, using=self.using)
-        elif isinstance(template, six.string_types):
+        elif isinstance(template, str):
             return get_template(template, using=self.using)
         else:
             return template