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@@ -261,44 +261,52 @@ But:
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.. _overuse_of_count_and_exists:
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-Don't overuse ``count()`` and ``exists()``
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-------------------------------------------
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+Don't overuse ``contains()``, ``count()``, and ``exists()``
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+-----------------------------------------------------------
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If you are going to need other data from the QuerySet, evaluate it immediately.
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-For example, assuming an Email model that has a ``subject`` attribute and a
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-many-to-many relation to User, the following code is optimal::
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+For example, assuming a ``Group`` model that has a many-to-many relation to
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+``User``, the following code is optimal::
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+
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+ members = group.members.all()
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- if display_emails:
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- emails = user.emails.all()
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- if emails:
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- print('You have', len(emails), 'emails:')
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- for email in emails:
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- print(email.subject)
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+ if display_group_members:
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+ if members:
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+ if current_user in members:
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+ print("You and", len(members) - 1, "other users are members of this group.")
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+ else:
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+ print("There are", len(members), "members in this group.")
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+
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+ for member in members:
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+ print(member.username)
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else:
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- print('You do not have any emails.')
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+ print("There are no members in this group.")
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It is optimal because:
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#. Since QuerySets are lazy, this does no database queries if
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- ``display_emails`` is ``False``.
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+ ``display_group_members`` is ``False``.
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-#. Storing ``user.emails.all()`` in the ``emails`` variable allows its result
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- cache to be re-used.
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+#. Storing ``group.members.all()`` in the ``members`` variable allows its
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+ result cache to be re-used.
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-#. The line ``if emails`` causes ``QuerySet.__bool__()`` to be called, which
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- causes the ``user.emails.all()`` query to be run on the database. If there
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+#. The line ``if members:`` causes ``QuerySet.__bool__()`` to be called, which
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+ causes the ``group.members.all()`` query to be run on the database. If there
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aren't any results, it will return ``False``, otherwise ``True``.
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-#. The use of ``len(emails)`` calls ``QuerySet.__len__()``, reusing the result
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- cache.
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+#. The line ``if current_user in members:`` checks if the user is in the result
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+ cache, so no additional database queries are issued.
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+
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+#. The use of ``len(members)`` calls ``QuerySet.__len__()``, reusing the result
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+ cache, so again, no database queries are issued.
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-#. The ``for`` loop iterates over the already filled cache.
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+#. The ``for member`` loop iterates over the result cache.
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In total, this code does either one or zero database queries. The only
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-deliberate optimization performed is using the ``emails`` variable. Using
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-``QuerySet.exists()`` for the ``if`` or ``QuerySet.count()`` for the count
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-would each cause additional queries.
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+deliberate optimization performed is using the ``members`` variable. Using
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+``QuerySet.exists()`` for the ``if``, ``QuerySet.contains()`` for the ``in``,
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+or ``QuerySet.count()`` for the count would each cause additional queries.
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Use ``QuerySet.update()`` and ``delete()``
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