django/django/contrib/contenttypes/fields.py

from collections import defaultdict

from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
from django.core import checks
from django.core.exceptions import FieldDoesNotExist, ObjectDoesNotExist
from django.db import DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS, models, router, transaction
from django.db.models import DO_NOTHING
from django.db.models.base import ModelBase, make_foreign_order_accessors
from django.db.models.fields.related import (
    ForeignObject, ForeignObjectRel, ReverseManyToOneDescriptor,
    lazy_related_operation,
)
from django.db.models.query_utils import PathInfo
from django.utils.functional import cached_property


class GenericForeignKey:
    """
    Provide a generic many-to-one relation through the ``content_type`` and
    ``object_id`` fields.

    This class also doubles as an accessor to the related object (similar to
    ForwardManyToOneDescriptor) by adding itself as a model attribute.
    """

    # Field flags
    auto_created = False
    concrete = False
    editable = False
    hidden = False

    is_relation = True
    many_to_many = False
    many_to_one = True
    one_to_many = False
    one_to_one = False
    related_model = None
    remote_field = None

    def __init__(self, ct_field='content_type', fk_field='object_id', for_concrete_model=True):
        self.ct_field = ct_field
        self.fk_field = fk_field
        self.for_concrete_model = for_concrete_model
        self.editable = False
        self.rel = None
        self.column = None

    def contribute_to_class(self, cls, name, **kwargs):
        self.name = name
        self.model = cls
        self.cache_attr = "_%s_cache" % name
        cls._meta.add_field(self, private=True)
        setattr(cls, name, self)

    def get_filter_kwargs_for_object(self, obj):
        """See corresponding method on Field"""
        return {
            self.fk_field: getattr(obj, self.fk_field),
            self.ct_field: getattr(obj, self.ct_field),
        }

    def get_forward_related_filter(self, obj):
        """See corresponding method on RelatedField"""
        return {
            self.fk_field: obj.pk,
            self.ct_field: ContentType.objects.get_for_model(obj).pk,
        }

    def __str__(self):
        model = self.model
        app = model._meta.app_label
        return '%s.%s.%s' % (app, model._meta.object_name, self.name)

    def check(self, **kwargs):
        errors = []
        errors.extend(self._check_field_name())
        errors.extend(self._check_object_id_field())
        errors.extend(self._check_content_type_field())
        return errors

    def _check_field_name(self):
        if self.name.endswith("_"):
            return [
                checks.Error(
                    'Field names must not end with an underscore.',
                    obj=self,
                    id='fields.E001',
                )
            ]
        else:
            return []

    def _check_object_id_field(self):
        try:
            self.model._meta.get_field(self.fk_field)
        except FieldDoesNotExist:
            return [
                checks.Error(
                    "The GenericForeignKey object ID references the "
                    "nonexistent field '%s'." % self.fk_field,
                    obj=self,
                    id='contenttypes.E001',
                )
            ]
        else:
            return []

    def _check_content_type_field(self):
        """
        Check if field named `field_name` in model `model` exists and is a
        valid content_type field (is a ForeignKey to ContentType).
        """
        try:
            field = self.model._meta.get_field(self.ct_field)
        except FieldDoesNotExist:
            return [
                checks.Error(
                    "The GenericForeignKey content type references the "
                    "nonexistent field '%s.%s'." % (
                        self.model._meta.object_name, self.ct_field
                    ),
                    obj=self,
                    id='contenttypes.E002',
                )
            ]
        else:
            if not isinstance(field, models.ForeignKey):
                return [
                    checks.Error(
                        "'%s.%s' is not a ForeignKey." % (
                            self.model._meta.object_name, self.ct_field
                        ),
                        hint=(
                            "GenericForeignKeys must use a ForeignKey to "
                            "'contenttypes.ContentType' as the 'content_type' field."
                        ),
                        obj=self,
                        id='contenttypes.E003',
                    )
                ]
            elif field.remote_field.model != ContentType:
                return [
                    checks.Error(
                        "'%s.%s' is not a ForeignKey to 'contenttypes.ContentType'." % (
                            self.model._meta.object_name, self.ct_field
                        ),
                        hint=(
                            "GenericForeignKeys must use a ForeignKey to "
                            "'contenttypes.ContentType' as the 'content_type' field."
                        ),
                        obj=self,
                        id='contenttypes.E004',
                    )
                ]
            else:
                return []

    def get_content_type(self, obj=None, id=None, using=None):
        if obj is not None:
            return ContentType.objects.db_manager(obj._state.db).get_for_model(
                obj, for_concrete_model=self.for_concrete_model)
        elif id is not None:
            return ContentType.objects.db_manager(using).get_for_id(id)
        else:
            # This should never happen. I love comments like this, don't you?
            raise Exception("Impossible arguments to GFK.get_content_type!")

    def get_prefetch_queryset(self, instances, queryset=None):
        if queryset is not None:
            raise ValueError("Custom queryset can't be used for this lookup.")

        # For efficiency, group the instances by content type and then do one
        # query per model
        fk_dict = defaultdict(set)
        # We need one instance for each group in order to get the right db:
        instance_dict = {}
        ct_attname = self.model._meta.get_field(self.ct_field).get_attname()
        for instance in instances:
            # We avoid looking for values if either ct_id or fkey value is None
            ct_id = getattr(instance, ct_attname)
            if ct_id is not None:
                fk_val = getattr(instance, self.fk_field)
                if fk_val is not None:
                    fk_dict[ct_id].add(fk_val)
                    instance_dict[ct_id] = instance

        ret_val = []
        for ct_id, fkeys in fk_dict.items():
            instance = instance_dict[ct_id]
            ct = self.get_content_type(id=ct_id, using=instance._state.db)
            ret_val.extend(ct.get_all_objects_for_this_type(pk__in=fkeys))

        # For doing the join in Python, we have to match both the FK val and the
        # content type, so we use a callable that returns a (fk, class) pair.
        def gfk_key(obj):
            ct_id = getattr(obj, ct_attname)
            if ct_id is None:
                return None
            else:
                model = self.get_content_type(id=ct_id,
                                              using=obj._state.db).model_class()
                return (model._meta.pk.get_prep_value(getattr(obj, self.fk_field)),
                        model)

        return (ret_val,
                lambda obj: (obj._get_pk_val(), obj.__class__),
                gfk_key,
                True,
                self.name)

    def is_cached(self, instance):
        return hasattr(instance, self.cache_attr)

    def __get__(self, instance, cls=None):
        if instance is None:
            return self

        # Don't use getattr(instance, self.ct_field) here because that might
        # reload the same ContentType over and over (#5570). Instead, get the
        # content type ID here, and later when the actual instance is needed,
        # use ContentType.objects.get_for_id(), which has a global cache.
        f = self.model._meta.get_field(self.ct_field)
        ct_id = getattr(instance, f.get_attname(), None)
        pk_val = getattr(instance, self.fk_field)

        try:
            rel_obj = getattr(instance, self.cache_attr)
        except AttributeError:
            rel_obj = None
        else:
            if rel_obj and (ct_id != self.get_content_type(obj=rel_obj, using=instance._state.db).id or
                            rel_obj._meta.pk.to_python(pk_val) != rel_obj._get_pk_val()):
                rel_obj = None

        if rel_obj is not None:
            return rel_obj

        if ct_id is not None:
            ct = self.get_content_type(id=ct_id, using=instance._state.db)
            try:
                rel_obj = ct.get_object_for_this_type(pk=pk_val)
            except ObjectDoesNotExist:
                pass
        setattr(instance, self.cache_attr, rel_obj)
        return rel_obj

    def __set__(self, instance, value):
        ct = None
        fk = None
        if value is not None:
            ct = self.get_content_type(obj=value)
            fk = value._get_pk_val()

        setattr(instance, self.ct_field, ct)
        setattr(instance, self.fk_field, fk)
        setattr(instance, self.cache_attr, value)


class GenericRel(ForeignObjectRel):
    """
    Used by GenericRelation to store information about the relation.
    """

    def __init__(self, field, to, related_name=None, related_query_name=None, limit_choices_to=None):
        super().__init__(
            field, to, related_name=related_query_name or '+',
            related_query_name=related_query_name,
            limit_choices_to=limit_choices_to, on_delete=DO_NOTHING,
        )


class GenericRelation(ForeignObject):
    """
    Provide a reverse to a relation created by a GenericForeignKey.
    """

    # Field flags
    auto_created = False

    many_to_many = False
    many_to_one = False
    one_to_many = True
    one_to_one = False

    rel_class = GenericRel

    def __init__(self, to, object_id_field='object_id', content_type_field='content_type',
                 for_concrete_model=True, related_query_name=None, limit_choices_to=None, **kwargs):
        kwargs['rel'] = self.rel_class(
            self, to,
            related_query_name=related_query_name,
            limit_choices_to=limit_choices_to,
        )

        kwargs['blank'] = True
        kwargs['on_delete'] = models.CASCADE
        kwargs['editable'] = False
        kwargs['serialize'] = False

        # This construct is somewhat of an abuse of ForeignObject. This field
        # represents a relation from pk to object_id field. But, this relation
        # isn't direct, the join is generated reverse along foreign key. So,
        # the from_field is object_id field, to_field is pk because of the
        # reverse join.
        super().__init__(to, from_fields=[object_id_field], to_fields=[], **kwargs)

        self.object_id_field_name = object_id_field
        self.content_type_field_name = content_type_field
        self.for_concrete_model = for_concrete_model

    def check(self, **kwargs):
        errors = super().check(**kwargs)
        errors.extend(self._check_generic_foreign_key_existence())
        return errors

    def _is_matching_generic_foreign_key(self, field):
        """
        Return True if field is a GenericForeignKey whose content type and
        object id fields correspond to the equivalent attributes on this
        GenericRelation.
        """
        return (
            isinstance(field, GenericForeignKey) and
            field.ct_field == self.content_type_field_name and
            field.fk_field == self.object_id_field_name
        )

    def _check_generic_foreign_key_existence(self):
        target = self.remote_field.model
        if isinstance(target, ModelBase):
            fields = target._meta.private_fields
            if any(self._is_matching_generic_foreign_key(field) for field in fields):
                return []
            else:
                return [
                    checks.Error(
                        "The GenericRelation defines a relation with the model "
                        "'%s.%s', but that model does not have a GenericForeignKey." % (
                            target._meta.app_label, target._meta.object_name
                        ),
                        obj=self,
                        id='contenttypes.E004',
                    )
                ]
        else:
            return []

    def resolve_related_fields(self):
        self.to_fields = [self.model._meta.pk.name]
        return [(self.remote_field.model._meta.get_field(self.object_id_field_name), self.model._meta.pk)]

    def _get_path_info_with_parent(self):
        """
        Return the path that joins the current model through any parent models.
        The idea is that if you have a GFK defined on a parent model then we
        need to join the parent model first, then the child model.
        """
        # With an inheritance chain ChildTag -> Tag and Tag defines the
        # GenericForeignKey, and a TaggedItem model has a GenericRelation to
        # ChildTag, then we need to generate a join from TaggedItem to Tag
        # (as Tag.object_id == TaggedItem.pk), and another join from Tag to
        # ChildTag (as that is where the relation is to). Do this by first
        # generating a join to the parent model, then generating joins to the
        # child models.
        path = []
        opts = self.remote_field.model._meta
        parent_opts = opts.get_field(self.object_id_field_name).model._meta
        target = parent_opts.pk
        path.append(PathInfo(self.model._meta, parent_opts, (target,), self.remote_field, True, False))
        # Collect joins needed for the parent -> child chain. This is easiest
        # to do if we collect joins for the child -> parent chain and then
        # reverse the direction (call to reverse() and use of
        # field.remote_field.get_path_info()).
        parent_field_chain = []
        while parent_opts != opts:
            field = opts.get_ancestor_link(parent_opts.model)
            parent_field_chain.append(field)
            opts = field.remote_field.model._meta
        parent_field_chain.reverse()
        for field in parent_field_chain:
            path.extend(field.remote_field.get_path_info())
        return path

    def get_path_info(self):
        opts = self.remote_field.model._meta
        object_id_field = opts.get_field(self.object_id_field_name)
        if object_id_field.model != opts.model:
            return self._get_path_info_with_parent()
        else:
            target = opts.pk
            return [PathInfo(self.model._meta, opts, (target,), self.remote_field, True, False)]

    def get_reverse_path_info(self):
        opts = self.model._meta
        from_opts = self.remote_field.model._meta
        return [PathInfo(from_opts, opts, (opts.pk,), self, not self.unique, False)]

    def value_to_string(self, obj):
        qs = getattr(obj, self.name).all()
        return str([instance._get_pk_val() for instance in qs])

    def contribute_to_class(self, cls, name, **kwargs):
        kwargs['private_only'] = True
        super().contribute_to_class(cls, name, **kwargs)
        self.model = cls
        setattr(cls, self.name, ReverseGenericManyToOneDescriptor(self.remote_field))

        # Add get_RELATED_order() and set_RELATED_order() to the model this
        # field belongs to, if the model on the other end of this relation
        # is ordered with respect to its corresponding GenericForeignKey.
        if not cls._meta.abstract:

            def make_generic_foreign_order_accessors(related_model, model):
                if self._is_matching_generic_foreign_key(model._meta.order_with_respect_to):
                    make_foreign_order_accessors(model, related_model)

            lazy_related_operation(make_generic_foreign_order_accessors, self.model, self.remote_field.model)

    def set_attributes_from_rel(self):
        pass

    def get_internal_type(self):
        return "ManyToManyField"

    def get_content_type(self):
        """
        Return the content type associated with this field's model.
        """
        return ContentType.objects.get_for_model(self.model,
                                                 for_concrete_model=self.for_concrete_model)

    def get_extra_restriction(self, where_class, alias, remote_alias):
        field = self.remote_field.model._meta.get_field(self.content_type_field_name)
        contenttype_pk = self.get_content_type().pk
        cond = where_class()
        lookup = field.get_lookup('exact')(field.get_col(remote_alias), contenttype_pk)
        cond.add(lookup, 'AND')
        return cond

    def bulk_related_objects(self, objs, using=DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS):
        """
        Return all objects related to ``objs`` via this ``GenericRelation``.
        """
        return self.remote_field.model._base_manager.db_manager(using).filter(**{
            "%s__pk" % self.content_type_field_name: ContentType.objects.db_manager(using).get_for_model(
                self.model, for_concrete_model=self.for_concrete_model).pk,
            "%s__in" % self.object_id_field_name: [obj.pk for obj in objs]
        })


class ReverseGenericManyToOneDescriptor(ReverseManyToOneDescriptor):
    """
    Accessor to the related objects manager on the one-to-many relation created
    by GenericRelation.

    In the example::

        class Post(Model):
            comments = GenericRelation(Comment)

    ``post.comments`` is a ReverseGenericManyToOneDescriptor instance.
    """

    @cached_property
    def related_manager_cls(self):
        return create_generic_related_manager(
            self.rel.model._default_manager.__class__,
            self.rel,
        )


def create_generic_related_manager(superclass, rel):
    """
    Factory function to create a manager that subclasses another manager
    (generally the default manager of a given model) and adds behaviors
    specific to generic relations.
    """

    class GenericRelatedObjectManager(superclass):
        def __init__(self, instance=None):
            super().__init__()

            self.instance = instance

            self.model = rel.model

            content_type = ContentType.objects.db_manager(instance._state.db).get_for_model(
                instance, for_concrete_model=rel.field.for_concrete_model)
            self.content_type = content_type
            self.content_type_field_name = rel.field.content_type_field_name
            self.object_id_field_name = rel.field.object_id_field_name
            self.prefetch_cache_name = rel.field.attname
            self.pk_val = instance._get_pk_val()

            self.core_filters = {
                '%s__pk' % self.content_type_field_name: content_type.id,
                self.object_id_field_name: self.pk_val,
            }

        def __call__(self, *, manager):
            manager = getattr(self.model, manager)
            manager_class = create_generic_related_manager(manager.__class__, rel)
            return manager_class(instance=self.instance)
        do_not_call_in_templates = True

        def __str__(self):
            return repr(self)

        def _apply_rel_filters(self, queryset):
            """
            Filter the queryset for the instance this manager is bound to.
            """
            db = self._db or router.db_for_read(self.model, instance=self.instance)
            return queryset.using(db).filter(**self.core_filters)

        def get_queryset(self):
            try:
                return self.instance._prefetched_objects_cache[self.prefetch_cache_name]
            except (AttributeError, KeyError):
                queryset = super().get_queryset()
                return self._apply_rel_filters(queryset)

        def get_prefetch_queryset(self, instances, queryset=None):
            if queryset is None:
                queryset = super().get_queryset()

            queryset._add_hints(instance=instances[0])
            queryset = queryset.using(queryset._db or self._db)

            query = {
                '%s__pk' % self.content_type_field_name: self.content_type.id,
                '%s__in' % self.object_id_field_name: {obj._get_pk_val() for obj in instances}
            }

            # We (possibly) need to convert object IDs to the type of the
            # instances' PK in order to match up instances:
            object_id_converter = instances[0]._meta.pk.to_python
            return (queryset.filter(**query),
                    lambda relobj: object_id_converter(getattr(relobj, self.object_id_field_name)),
                    lambda obj: obj._get_pk_val(),
                    False,
                    self.prefetch_cache_name)

        def add(self, *objs, bulk=True):
            db = router.db_for_write(self.model, instance=self.instance)

            def check_and_update_obj(obj):
                if not isinstance(obj, self.model):
                    raise TypeError("'%s' instance expected, got %r" % (
                        self.model._meta.object_name, obj
                    ))
                setattr(obj, self.content_type_field_name, self.content_type)
                setattr(obj, self.object_id_field_name, self.pk_val)

            if bulk:
                pks = []
                for obj in objs:
                    if obj._state.adding or obj._state.db != db:
                        raise ValueError(
                            "%r instance isn't saved. Use bulk=False or save "
                            "the object first." % obj
                        )
                    check_and_update_obj(obj)
                    pks.append(obj.pk)

                self.model._base_manager.using(db).filter(pk__in=pks).update(**{
                    self.content_type_field_name: self.content_type,
                    self.object_id_field_name: self.pk_val,
                })
            else:
                with transaction.atomic(using=db, savepoint=False):
                    for obj in objs:
                        check_and_update_obj(obj)
                        obj.save()
        add.alters_data = True

        def remove(self, *objs, bulk=True):
            if not objs:
                return
            self._clear(self.filter(pk__in=[o.pk for o in objs]), bulk)
        remove.alters_data = True

        def clear(self, *, bulk=True):
            self._clear(self, bulk)
        clear.alters_data = True

        def _clear(self, queryset, bulk):
            db = router.db_for_write(self.model, instance=self.instance)
            queryset = queryset.using(db)
            if bulk:
                # `QuerySet.delete()` creates its own atomic block which
                # contains the `pre_delete` and `post_delete` signal handlers.
                queryset.delete()
            else:
                with transaction.atomic(using=db, savepoint=False):
                    for obj in queryset:
                        obj.delete()
        _clear.alters_data = True

        def set(self, objs, *, bulk=True, clear=False):
            # Force evaluation of `objs` in case it's a queryset whose value
            # could be affected by `manager.clear()`. Refs #19816.
            objs = tuple(objs)

            db = router.db_for_write(self.model, instance=self.instance)
            with transaction.atomic(using=db, savepoint=False):
                if clear:
                    self.clear()
                    self.add(*objs, bulk=bulk)
                else:
                    old_objs = set(self.using(db).all())
                    new_objs = []
                    for obj in objs:
                        if obj in old_objs:
                            old_objs.remove(obj)
                        else:
                            new_objs.append(obj)

                    self.remove(*old_objs)
                    self.add(*new_objs, bulk=bulk)
        set.alters_data = True

        def create(self, **kwargs):
            kwargs[self.content_type_field_name] = self.content_type
            kwargs[self.object_id_field_name] = self.pk_val
            db = router.db_for_write(self.model, instance=self.instance)
            return super().using(db).create(**kwargs)
        create.alters_data = True

        def get_or_create(self, **kwargs):
            kwargs[self.content_type_field_name] = self.content_type
            kwargs[self.object_id_field_name] = self.pk_val
            db = router.db_for_write(self.model, instance=self.instance)
            return super().using(db).get_or_create(**kwargs)
        get_or_create.alters_data = True

        def update_or_create(self, **kwargs):
            kwargs[self.content_type_field_name] = self.content_type
            kwargs[self.object_id_field_name] = self.pk_val
            db = router.db_for_write(self.model, instance=self.instance)
            return super().using(db).update_or_create(**kwargs)
        update_or_create.alters_data = True

    return GenericRelatedObjectManager