django/django/core/management/commands/shell.py

import os
import select
import sys
import traceback

from django.core.management import BaseCommand, CommandError
from django.utils.datastructures import OrderedSet


class Command(BaseCommand):
    help = (
        "Runs a Python interactive interpreter. Tries to use IPython or "
        "bpython, if one of them is available. Any standard input is executed "
        "as code."
    )

    requires_system_checks = []
    shells = ['ipython', 'bpython', 'python']

    def add_arguments(self, parser):
        parser.add_argument(
            '--no-startup', action='store_true',
            help='When using plain Python, ignore the PYTHONSTARTUP environment variable and ~/.pythonrc.py script.',
        )
        parser.add_argument(
            '-i', '--interface', choices=self.shells,
            help='Specify an interactive interpreter interface. Available options: "ipython", "bpython", and "python"',
        )
        parser.add_argument(
            '-c', '--command',
            help='Instead of opening an interactive shell, run a command as Django and exit.',
        )

    def ipython(self, options):
        from IPython import start_ipython
        start_ipython(argv=[])

    def bpython(self, options):
        import bpython
        bpython.embed()

    def python(self, options):
        import code

        # Set up a dictionary to serve as the environment for the shell, so
        # that tab completion works on objects that are imported at runtime.
        imported_objects = {}
        try:  # Try activating rlcompleter, because it's handy.
            import readline
        except ImportError:
            pass
        else:
            # We don't have to wrap the following import in a 'try', because
            # we already know 'readline' was imported successfully.
            import rlcompleter
            readline.set_completer(rlcompleter.Completer(imported_objects).complete)
            # Enable tab completion on systems using libedit (e.g. macOS).
            # These lines are copied from Python's Lib/site.py.
            readline_doc = getattr(readline, '__doc__', '')
            if readline_doc is not None and 'libedit' in readline_doc:
                readline.parse_and_bind("bind ^I rl_complete")
            else:
                readline.parse_and_bind("tab:complete")

        # We want to honor both $PYTHONSTARTUP and .pythonrc.py, so follow system
        # conventions and get $PYTHONSTARTUP first then .pythonrc.py.
        if not options['no_startup']:
            for pythonrc in OrderedSet([os.environ.get("PYTHONSTARTUP"), os.path.expanduser('~/.pythonrc.py')]):
                if not pythonrc:
                    continue
                if not os.path.isfile(pythonrc):
                    continue
                with open(pythonrc) as handle:
                    pythonrc_code = handle.read()
                # Match the behavior of the cpython shell where an error in
                # PYTHONSTARTUP prints an exception and continues.
                try:
                    exec(compile(pythonrc_code, pythonrc, 'exec'), imported_objects)
                except Exception:
                    traceback.print_exc()

        code.interact(local=imported_objects)

    def handle(self, **options):
        # Execute the command and exit.
        if options['command']:
            exec(options['command'])
            return

        # Execute stdin if it has anything to read and exit.
        # Not supported on Windows due to select.select() limitations.
        if sys.platform != 'win32' and not sys.stdin.isatty() and select.select([sys.stdin], [], [], 0)[0]:
            exec(sys.stdin.read())
            return

        available_shells = [options['interface']] if options['interface'] else self.shells

        for shell in available_shells:
            try:
                return getattr(self, shell)(options)
            except ImportError:
                pass
        raise CommandError("Couldn't import {} interface.".format(shell))