django/tests/admin_views/tests.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals

import datetime
import json
import os
import re
import unittest

from django.contrib.admin import AdminSite, ModelAdmin
from django.contrib.admin.helpers import ACTION_CHECKBOX_NAME
from django.contrib.admin.models import ADDITION, DELETION, LogEntry
from django.contrib.admin.options import TO_FIELD_VAR
from django.contrib.admin.templatetags.admin_static import static
from django.contrib.admin.templatetags.admin_urls import add_preserved_filters
from django.contrib.admin.tests import AdminSeleniumTestCase
from django.contrib.admin.utils import quote
from django.contrib.admin.views.main import IS_POPUP_VAR
from django.contrib.auth import REDIRECT_FIELD_NAME, get_permission_codename
from django.contrib.auth.models import Group, Permission, User
from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
from django.contrib.staticfiles.storage import staticfiles_storage
from django.core import mail
from django.core.checks import Error
from django.core.files import temp as tempfile
from django.forms.utils import ErrorList
from django.template.loader import render_to_string
from django.template.response import TemplateResponse
from django.test import (
    SimpleTestCase, TestCase, ignore_warnings, modify_settings,
    override_settings, skipUnlessDBFeature,
)
from django.test.utils import override_script_prefix, patch_logger
from django.urls import NoReverseMatch, resolve, reverse
from django.utils import formats, six, translation
from django.utils._os import upath
from django.utils.cache import get_max_age
from django.utils.deprecation import RemovedInDjango20Warning
from django.utils.encoding import force_bytes, force_text, iri_to_uri
from django.utils.html import escape
from django.utils.http import urlencode
from django.utils.six.moves.urllib.parse import parse_qsl, urljoin, urlparse

from . import customadmin
from .admin import CityAdmin, site, site2
from .models import (
    Actor, AdminOrderedAdminMethod, AdminOrderedCallable, AdminOrderedField,
    AdminOrderedModelMethod, Answer, Article, BarAccount, Book, Bookmark,
    Category, Chapter, ChapterXtra1, ChapterXtra2, Character, Child, Choice,
    City, Collector, Color, ComplexSortedPerson, CoverLetter, CustomArticle,
    CyclicOne, CyclicTwo, DooHickey, Employee, EmptyModel, ExternalSubscriber,
    Fabric, FancyDoodad, FieldOverridePost, FilteredManager, FooAccount,
    FoodDelivery, FunkyTag, Gallery, Grommet, Inquisition, Language, Link,
    MainPrepopulated, ModelWithStringPrimaryKey, OtherStory, Paper, Parent,
    ParentWithDependentChildren, ParentWithUUIDPK, Person, Persona, Picture,
    Pizza, Plot, PlotDetails, PluggableSearchPerson, Podcast, Post,
    PrePopulatedPost, Promo, Question, Recommendation, Recommender,
    RelatedPrepopulated, RelatedWithUUIDPKModel, Report, Restaurant,
    RowLevelChangePermissionModel, SecretHideout, Section, ShortMessage,
    Simple, State, Story, Subscriber, SuperSecretHideout, SuperVillain,
    Telegram, TitleTranslation, Topping, UnchangeableObject, UndeletableObject,
    UnorderedObject, Villain, Vodcast, Whatsit, Widget, Worker, WorkHour,
)


ERROR_MESSAGE = "Please enter the correct username and password \
for a staff account. Note that both fields may be case-sensitive."


class AdminFieldExtractionMixin(object):
    """
    Helper methods for extracting data from AdminForm.
    """
    def get_admin_form_fields(self, response):
        """
        Return a list of AdminFields for the AdminForm in the response.
        """
        admin_form = response.context['adminform']
        fieldsets = list(admin_form)

        field_lines = []
        for fieldset in fieldsets:
            field_lines += list(fieldset)

        fields = []
        for field_line in field_lines:
            fields += list(field_line)

        return fields

    def get_admin_readonly_fields(self, response):
        """
        Return the readonly fields for the response's AdminForm.
        """
        return [f for f in self.get_admin_form_fields(response) if f.is_readonly]

    def get_admin_readonly_field(self, response, field_name):
        """
        Return the readonly field for the given field_name.
        """
        admin_readonly_fields = self.get_admin_readonly_fields(response)
        for field in admin_readonly_fields:
            if field.field['name'] == field_name:
                return field


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='admin_views.urls', USE_I18N=True, USE_L10N=False, LANGUAGE_CODE='en')
class AdminViewBasicTestCase(TestCase):

    @classmethod
    def setUpTestData(cls):
        cls.superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username='super', password='secret', email='super@example.com')
        cls.s1 = Section.objects.create(name='Test section')
        cls.a1 = Article.objects.create(
            content='<p>Middle content</p>', date=datetime.datetime(2008, 3, 18, 11, 54, 58), section=cls.s1
        )
        cls.a2 = Article.objects.create(
            content='<p>Oldest content</p>', date=datetime.datetime(2000, 3, 18, 11, 54, 58), section=cls.s1
        )
        cls.a3 = Article.objects.create(
            content='<p>Newest content</p>', date=datetime.datetime(2009, 3, 18, 11, 54, 58), section=cls.s1
        )
        cls.p1 = PrePopulatedPost.objects.create(title='A Long Title', published=True, slug='a-long-title')
        cls.color1 = Color.objects.create(value='Red', warm=True)
        cls.color2 = Color.objects.create(value='Orange', warm=True)
        cls.color3 = Color.objects.create(value='Blue', warm=False)
        cls.color4 = Color.objects.create(value='Green', warm=False)
        cls.fab1 = Fabric.objects.create(surface='x')
        cls.fab2 = Fabric.objects.create(surface='y')
        cls.fab3 = Fabric.objects.create(surface='plain')
        cls.b1 = Book.objects.create(name='Book 1')
        cls.b2 = Book.objects.create(name='Book 2')
        cls.pro1 = Promo.objects.create(name='Promo 1', book=cls.b1)
        cls.pro1 = Promo.objects.create(name='Promo 2', book=cls.b2)
        cls.chap1 = Chapter.objects.create(title='Chapter 1', content='[ insert contents here ]', book=cls.b1)
        cls.chap2 = Chapter.objects.create(title='Chapter 2', content='[ insert contents here ]', book=cls.b1)
        cls.chap3 = Chapter.objects.create(title='Chapter 1', content='[ insert contents here ]', book=cls.b2)
        cls.chap4 = Chapter.objects.create(title='Chapter 2', content='[ insert contents here ]', book=cls.b2)
        cls.cx1 = ChapterXtra1.objects.create(chap=cls.chap1, xtra='ChapterXtra1 1')
        cls.cx2 = ChapterXtra1.objects.create(chap=cls.chap3, xtra='ChapterXtra1 2')

        # Post data for edit inline
        cls.inline_post_data = {
            "name": "Test section",
            # inline data
            "article_set-TOTAL_FORMS": "6",
            "article_set-INITIAL_FORMS": "3",
            "article_set-MAX_NUM_FORMS": "0",
            "article_set-0-id": cls.a1.pk,
            # there is no title in database, give one here or formset will fail.
            "article_set-0-title": "Norske bostaver æøå skaper problemer",
            "article_set-0-content": "&lt;p&gt;Middle content&lt;/p&gt;",
            "article_set-0-date_0": "2008-03-18",
            "article_set-0-date_1": "11:54:58",
            "article_set-0-section": cls.s1.pk,
            "article_set-1-id": cls.a2.pk,
            "article_set-1-title": "Need a title.",
            "article_set-1-content": "&lt;p&gt;Oldest content&lt;/p&gt;",
            "article_set-1-date_0": "2000-03-18",
            "article_set-1-date_1": "11:54:58",
            "article_set-2-id": cls.a3.pk,
            "article_set-2-title": "Need a title.",
            "article_set-2-content": "&lt;p&gt;Newest content&lt;/p&gt;",
            "article_set-2-date_0": "2009-03-18",
            "article_set-2-date_1": "11:54:58",
            "article_set-3-id": "",
            "article_set-3-title": "",
            "article_set-3-content": "",
            "article_set-3-date_0": "",
            "article_set-3-date_1": "",
            "article_set-4-id": "",
            "article_set-4-title": "",
            "article_set-4-content": "",
            "article_set-4-date_0": "",
            "article_set-4-date_1": "",
            "article_set-5-id": "",
            "article_set-5-title": "",
            "article_set-5-content": "",
            "article_set-5-date_0": "",
            "article_set-5-date_1": "",
        }

    def setUp(self):
        self.client.force_login(self.superuser)

    def tearDown(self):
        formats.reset_format_cache()

    def assertContentBefore(self, response, text1, text2, failing_msg=None):
        """
        Testing utility asserting that text1 appears before text2 in response
        content.
        """
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        self.assertLess(
            response.content.index(force_bytes(text1)),
            response.content.index(force_bytes(text2)),
            (failing_msg or '') + '\nResponse:\n' + response.content.decode(response.charset)
        )


class AdminViewBasicTest(AdminViewBasicTestCase):
    def test_trailing_slash_required(self):
        """
        If you leave off the trailing slash, app should redirect and add it.
        """
        add_url = reverse('admin:admin_views_article_add')
        response = self.client.get(add_url[:-1])
        self.assertRedirects(response, add_url, status_code=301)

    def test_admin_static_template_tag(self):
        """
        Test that admin_static.static is pointing to the collectstatic version
        (as django.contrib.collectstatic is in installed apps).
        """
        old_url = staticfiles_storage.base_url
        staticfiles_storage.base_url = '/test/'
        try:
            self.assertEqual(static('path'), '/test/path')
        finally:
            staticfiles_storage.base_url = old_url

    def test_basic_add_GET(self):
        """
        A smoke test to ensure GET on the add_view works.
        """
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_section_add'))
        self.assertIsInstance(response, TemplateResponse)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

    def test_add_with_GET_args(self):
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_section_add'), {'name': 'My Section'})
        self.assertContains(
            response, 'value="My Section"',
            msg_prefix="Couldn't find an input with the right value in the response"
        )

    def test_basic_edit_GET(self):
        """
        A smoke test to ensure GET on the change_view works.
        """
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_section_change', args=(self.s1.pk,)))
        self.assertIsInstance(response, TemplateResponse)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

    def test_basic_edit_GET_string_PK(self):
        """
        Ensure GET on the change_view works (returns an HTTP 404 error, see
        #11191) when passing a string as the PK argument for a model with an
        integer PK field.
        """
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_section_change', args=('abc',)))
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 404)

    def test_basic_edit_GET_old_url_redirect(self):
        """
        The change URL changed in Django 1.9, but the old one still redirects.
        """
        response = self.client.get(
            reverse('admin:admin_views_section_change', args=(self.s1.pk,)).replace('change/', '')
        )
        self.assertRedirects(response, reverse('admin:admin_views_section_change', args=(self.s1.pk,)))

    def test_basic_inheritance_GET_string_PK(self):
        """
        Ensure GET on the change_view works on inherited models (returns an
        HTTP 404 error, see #19951) when passing a string as the PK argument
        for a model with an integer PK field.
        """
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_supervillain_change', args=('abc',)))
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 404)

    def test_basic_add_POST(self):
        """
        A smoke test to ensure POST on add_view works.
        """
        post_data = {
            "name": "Another Section",
            # inline data
            "article_set-TOTAL_FORMS": "3",
            "article_set-INITIAL_FORMS": "0",
            "article_set-MAX_NUM_FORMS": "0",
        }
        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_section_add'), post_data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)  # redirect somewhere

    def test_popup_add_POST(self):
        """
        Ensure http response from a popup is properly escaped.
        """
        post_data = {
            '_popup': '1',
            'title': 'title with a new\nline',
            'content': 'some content',
            'date_0': '2010-09-10',
            'date_1': '14:55:39',
        }
        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_article_add'), post_data)
        self.assertContains(response, 'title with a new\\nline')

    def test_basic_edit_POST(self):
        """
        A smoke test to ensure POST on edit_view works.
        """
        url = reverse('admin:admin_views_section_change', args=(self.s1.pk,))
        response = self.client.post(url, self.inline_post_data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)  # redirect somewhere

    def test_edit_save_as(self):
        """
        Test "save as".
        """
        post_data = self.inline_post_data.copy()
        post_data.update({
            '_saveasnew': 'Save+as+new',
            "article_set-1-section": "1",
            "article_set-2-section": "1",
            "article_set-3-section": "1",
            "article_set-4-section": "1",
            "article_set-5-section": "1",
        })
        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_section_change', args=(self.s1.pk,)), post_data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)  # redirect somewhere

    def test_edit_save_as_delete_inline(self):
        """
        Should be able to "Save as new" while also deleting an inline.
        """
        post_data = self.inline_post_data.copy()
        post_data.update({
            '_saveasnew': 'Save+as+new',
            "article_set-1-section": "1",
            "article_set-2-section": "1",
            "article_set-2-DELETE": "1",
            "article_set-3-section": "1",
        })
        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_section_change', args=(self.s1.pk,)), post_data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
        # started with 3 articles, one was deleted.
        self.assertEqual(Section.objects.latest('id').article_set.count(), 2)

    def test_change_list_column_field_classes(self):
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_article_changelist'))
        # callables display the callable name.
        self.assertContains(response, 'column-callable_year')
        self.assertContains(response, 'field-callable_year')
        # lambdas display as "lambda" + index that they appear in list_display.
        self.assertContains(response, 'column-lambda8')
        self.assertContains(response, 'field-lambda8')

    def test_change_list_sorting_callable(self):
        """
        Ensure we can sort on a list_display field that is a callable
        (column 2 is callable_year in ArticleAdmin)
        """
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_article_changelist'), {'o': 2})
        self.assertContentBefore(
            response, 'Oldest content', 'Middle content',
            "Results of sorting on callable are out of order."
        )
        self.assertContentBefore(
            response, 'Middle content', 'Newest content',
            "Results of sorting on callable are out of order."
        )

    def test_change_list_sorting_model(self):
        """
        Ensure we can sort on a list_display field that is a Model method
        (column 3 is 'model_year' in ArticleAdmin)
        """
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_article_changelist'), {'o': '-3'})
        self.assertContentBefore(
            response, 'Newest content', 'Middle content',
            "Results of sorting on Model method are out of order."
        )
        self.assertContentBefore(
            response, 'Middle content', 'Oldest content',
            "Results of sorting on Model method are out of order."
        )

    def test_change_list_sorting_model_admin(self):
        """
        Ensure we can sort on a list_display field that is a ModelAdmin method
        (column 4 is 'modeladmin_year' in ArticleAdmin)
        """
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_article_changelist'), {'o': '4'})
        self.assertContentBefore(
            response, 'Oldest content', 'Middle content',
            "Results of sorting on ModelAdmin method are out of order."
        )
        self.assertContentBefore(
            response, 'Middle content', 'Newest content',
            "Results of sorting on ModelAdmin method are out of order."
        )

    def test_change_list_sorting_model_admin_reverse(self):
        """
        Ensure we can sort on a list_display field that is a ModelAdmin
        method in reverse order (i.e. admin_order_field uses the '-' prefix)
        (column 6 is 'model_year_reverse' in ArticleAdmin)
        """
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_article_changelist'), {'o': '6'})
        self.assertContentBefore(
            response, '2009', '2008',
            "Results of sorting on ModelAdmin method are out of order."
        )
        self.assertContentBefore(
            response, '2008', '2000',
            "Results of sorting on ModelAdmin method are out of order."
        )
        # Let's make sure the ordering is right and that we don't get a
        # FieldError when we change to descending order
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_article_changelist'), {'o': '-6'})
        self.assertContentBefore(
            response, '2000', '2008',
            "Results of sorting on ModelAdmin method are out of order."
        )
        self.assertContentBefore(
            response, '2008', '2009',
            "Results of sorting on ModelAdmin method are out of order."
        )

    def test_change_list_sorting_multiple(self):
        p1 = Person.objects.create(name="Chris", gender=1, alive=True)
        p2 = Person.objects.create(name="Chris", gender=2, alive=True)
        p3 = Person.objects.create(name="Bob", gender=1, alive=True)
        link1 = reverse('admin:admin_views_person_change', args=(p1.pk,))
        link2 = reverse('admin:admin_views_person_change', args=(p2.pk,))
        link3 = reverse('admin:admin_views_person_change', args=(p3.pk,))

        # Sort by name, gender
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_person_changelist'), {'o': '1.2'})
        self.assertContentBefore(response, link3, link1)
        self.assertContentBefore(response, link1, link2)

        # Sort by gender descending, name
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_person_changelist'), {'o': '-2.1'})
        self.assertContentBefore(response, link2, link3)
        self.assertContentBefore(response, link3, link1)

    def test_change_list_sorting_preserve_queryset_ordering(self):
        """
        If no ordering is defined in `ModelAdmin.ordering` or in the query
        string, then the underlying order of the queryset should not be
        changed, even if it is defined in `Modeladmin.get_queryset()`.
        Refs #11868, #7309.
        """
        p1 = Person.objects.create(name="Amy", gender=1, alive=True, age=80)
        p2 = Person.objects.create(name="Bob", gender=1, alive=True, age=70)
        p3 = Person.objects.create(name="Chris", gender=2, alive=False, age=60)
        link1 = reverse('admin:admin_views_person_change', args=(p1.pk,))
        link2 = reverse('admin:admin_views_person_change', args=(p2.pk,))
        link3 = reverse('admin:admin_views_person_change', args=(p3.pk,))

        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_person_changelist'), {})
        self.assertContentBefore(response, link3, link2)
        self.assertContentBefore(response, link2, link1)

    def test_change_list_sorting_model_meta(self):
        # Test ordering on Model Meta is respected

        l1 = Language.objects.create(iso='ur', name='Urdu')
        l2 = Language.objects.create(iso='ar', name='Arabic')
        link1 = reverse('admin:admin_views_language_change', args=(quote(l1.pk),))
        link2 = reverse('admin:admin_views_language_change', args=(quote(l2.pk),))

        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_language_changelist'), {})
        self.assertContentBefore(response, link2, link1)

        # Test we can override with query string
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_language_changelist'), {'o': '-1'})
        self.assertContentBefore(response, link1, link2)

    def test_change_list_sorting_override_model_admin(self):
        # Test ordering on Model Admin is respected, and overrides Model Meta
        dt = datetime.datetime.now()
        p1 = Podcast.objects.create(name="A", release_date=dt)
        p2 = Podcast.objects.create(name="B", release_date=dt - datetime.timedelta(10))
        link1 = reverse('admin:admin_views_podcast_change', args=(p1.pk,))
        link2 = reverse('admin:admin_views_podcast_change', args=(p2.pk,))

        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_podcast_changelist'), {})
        self.assertContentBefore(response, link1, link2)

    def test_multiple_sort_same_field(self):
        # Check that we get the columns we expect if we have two columns
        # that correspond to the same ordering field
        dt = datetime.datetime.now()
        p1 = Podcast.objects.create(name="A", release_date=dt)
        p2 = Podcast.objects.create(name="B", release_date=dt - datetime.timedelta(10))
        link1 = reverse('admin:admin_views_podcast_change', args=(quote(p1.pk),))
        link2 = reverse('admin:admin_views_podcast_change', args=(quote(p2.pk),))

        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_podcast_changelist'), {})
        self.assertContentBefore(response, link1, link2)

        p1 = ComplexSortedPerson.objects.create(name="Bob", age=10)
        p2 = ComplexSortedPerson.objects.create(name="Amy", age=20)
        link1 = reverse('admin:admin_views_complexsortedperson_change', args=(p1.pk,))
        link2 = reverse('admin:admin_views_complexsortedperson_change', args=(p2.pk,))

        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_complexsortedperson_changelist'), {})
        # Should have 5 columns (including action checkbox col)
        self.assertContains(response, '<th scope="col"', count=5)

        self.assertContains(response, 'Name')
        self.assertContains(response, 'Colored name')

        # Check order
        self.assertContentBefore(response, 'Name', 'Colored name')

        # Check sorting - should be by name
        self.assertContentBefore(response, link2, link1)

    def test_sort_indicators_admin_order(self):
        """
        Ensures that the admin shows default sort indicators for all
        kinds of 'ordering' fields: field names, method on the model
        admin and model itself, and other callables. See #17252.
        """
        models = [(AdminOrderedField, 'adminorderedfield'),
                  (AdminOrderedModelMethod, 'adminorderedmodelmethod'),
                  (AdminOrderedAdminMethod, 'adminorderedadminmethod'),
                  (AdminOrderedCallable, 'adminorderedcallable')]
        for model, url in models:
            model.objects.create(stuff='The Last Item', order=3)
            model.objects.create(stuff='The First Item', order=1)
            model.objects.create(stuff='The Middle Item', order=2)
            response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_%s_changelist' % url), {})
            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
            # Should have 3 columns including action checkbox col.
            self.assertContains(response, '<th scope="col"', count=3, msg_prefix=url)
            # Check if the correct column was selected. 2 is the index of the
            # 'order' column in the model admin's 'list_display' with 0 being
            # the implicit 'action_checkbox' and 1 being the column 'stuff'.
            self.assertEqual(response.context['cl'].get_ordering_field_columns(), {2: 'asc'})
            # Check order of records.
            self.assertContentBefore(response, 'The First Item', 'The Middle Item')
            self.assertContentBefore(response, 'The Middle Item', 'The Last Item')

    def test_limited_filter(self):
        """Ensure admin changelist filters do not contain objects excluded via limit_choices_to.
        This also tests relation-spanning filters (e.g. 'color__value').
        """
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_thing_changelist'))
        self.assertContains(
            response, '<div id="changelist-filter">',
            msg_prefix="Expected filter not found in changelist view"
        )
        self.assertNotContains(
            response, '<a href="?color__id__exact=3">Blue</a>',
            msg_prefix="Changelist filter not correctly limited by limit_choices_to"
        )

    def test_relation_spanning_filters(self):
        changelist_url = reverse('admin:admin_views_chapterxtra1_changelist')
        response = self.client.get(changelist_url)
        self.assertContains(response, '<div id="changelist-filter">')
        filters = {
            'chap__id__exact': dict(
                values=[c.id for c in Chapter.objects.all()],
                test=lambda obj, value: obj.chap.id == value),
            'chap__title': dict(
                values=[c.title for c in Chapter.objects.all()],
                test=lambda obj, value: obj.chap.title == value),
            'chap__book__id__exact': dict(
                values=[b.id for b in Book.objects.all()],
                test=lambda obj, value: obj.chap.book.id == value),
            'chap__book__name': dict(
                values=[b.name for b in Book.objects.all()],
                test=lambda obj, value: obj.chap.book.name == value),
            'chap__book__promo__id__exact': dict(
                values=[p.id for p in Promo.objects.all()],
                test=lambda obj, value: obj.chap.book.promo_set.filter(id=value).exists()),
            'chap__book__promo__name': dict(
                values=[p.name for p in Promo.objects.all()],
                test=lambda obj, value: obj.chap.book.promo_set.filter(name=value).exists()),
        }
        for filter_path, params in filters.items():
            for value in params['values']:
                query_string = urlencode({filter_path: value})
                # ensure filter link exists
                self.assertContains(response, '<a href="?%s">' % query_string)
                # ensure link works
                filtered_response = self.client.get('%s?%s' % (changelist_url, query_string))
                self.assertEqual(filtered_response.status_code, 200)
                # ensure changelist contains only valid objects
                for obj in filtered_response.context['cl'].queryset.all():
                    self.assertTrue(params['test'](obj, value))

    def test_incorrect_lookup_parameters(self):
        """Ensure incorrect lookup parameters are handled gracefully."""
        changelist_url = reverse('admin:admin_views_thing_changelist')
        response = self.client.get(changelist_url, {'notarealfield': '5'})
        self.assertRedirects(response, '%s?e=1' % changelist_url)

        # Spanning relationships through a nonexistent related object (Refs #16716)
        response = self.client.get(changelist_url, {'notarealfield__whatever': '5'})
        self.assertRedirects(response, '%s?e=1' % changelist_url)

        response = self.client.get(changelist_url, {'color__id__exact': 'StringNotInteger!'})
        self.assertRedirects(response, '%s?e=1' % changelist_url)

        # Regression test for #18530
        response = self.client.get(changelist_url, {'pub_date__gte': 'foo'})
        self.assertRedirects(response, '%s?e=1' % changelist_url)

    def test_isnull_lookups(self):
        """Ensure is_null is handled correctly."""
        Article.objects.create(title="I Could Go Anywhere", content="Versatile", date=datetime.datetime.now())
        changelist_url = reverse('admin:admin_views_article_changelist')
        response = self.client.get(changelist_url)
        self.assertContains(response, '4 articles')
        response = self.client.get(changelist_url, {'section__isnull': 'false'})
        self.assertContains(response, '3 articles')
        response = self.client.get(changelist_url, {'section__isnull': '0'})
        self.assertContains(response, '3 articles')
        response = self.client.get(changelist_url, {'section__isnull': 'true'})
        self.assertContains(response, '1 article')
        response = self.client.get(changelist_url, {'section__isnull': '1'})
        self.assertContains(response, '1 article')

    def test_logout_and_password_change_URLs(self):
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_article_changelist'))
        self.assertContains(response, '<a href="%s">' % reverse('admin:logout'))
        self.assertContains(response, '<a href="%s">' % reverse('admin:password_change'))

    def test_named_group_field_choices_change_list(self):
        """
        Ensures the admin changelist shows correct values in the relevant column
        for rows corresponding to instances of a model in which a named group
        has been used in the choices option of a field.
        """
        link1 = reverse('admin:admin_views_fabric_change', args=(self.fab1.pk,))
        link2 = reverse('admin:admin_views_fabric_change', args=(self.fab2.pk,))
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_fabric_changelist'))
        fail_msg = (
            "Changelist table isn't showing the right human-readable values "
            "set by a model field 'choices' option named group."
        )
        self.assertContains(response, '<a href="%s">Horizontal</a>' % link1, msg_prefix=fail_msg, html=True)
        self.assertContains(response, '<a href="%s">Vertical</a>' % link2, msg_prefix=fail_msg, html=True)

    def test_named_group_field_choices_filter(self):
        """
        Ensures the filter UI shows correctly when at least one named group has
        been used in the choices option of a model field.
        """
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_fabric_changelist'))
        fail_msg = (
            "Changelist filter isn't showing options contained inside a model "
            "field 'choices' option named group."
        )
        self.assertContains(response, '<div id="changelist-filter">')
        self.assertContains(response, '<a href="?surface__exact=x">Horizontal</a>', msg_prefix=fail_msg, html=True)
        self.assertContains(response, '<a href="?surface__exact=y">Vertical</a>', msg_prefix=fail_msg, html=True)

    def test_change_list_null_boolean_display(self):
        Post.objects.create(public=None)
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_post_changelist'))
        self.assertContains(response, 'icon-unknown.svg')

    def test_i18n_language_non_english_default(self):
        """
        Check if the JavaScript i18n view returns an empty language catalog
        if the default language is non-English but the selected language
        is English. See #13388 and #3594 for more details.
        """
        with self.settings(LANGUAGE_CODE='fr'), translation.override('en-us'):
            response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:jsi18n'))
            self.assertNotContains(response, 'Choisir une heure')

    def test_i18n_language_non_english_fallback(self):
        """
        Makes sure that the fallback language is still working properly
        in cases where the selected language cannot be found.
        """
        with self.settings(LANGUAGE_CODE='fr'), translation.override('none'):
            response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:jsi18n'))
            self.assertContains(response, 'Choisir une heure')

    def test_L10N_deactivated(self):
        """
        Check if L10N is deactivated, the JavaScript i18n view doesn't
        return localized date/time formats. Refs #14824.
        """
        with self.settings(LANGUAGE_CODE='ru', USE_L10N=False), translation.override('none'):
            response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:jsi18n'))
            self.assertNotContains(response, '%d.%m.%Y %H:%M:%S')
            self.assertContains(response, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')

    def test_disallowed_filtering(self):
        with patch_logger('django.security.DisallowedModelAdminLookup', 'error') as calls:
            response = self.client.get(
                "%s?owner__email__startswith=fuzzy" % reverse('admin:admin_views_album_changelist')
            )
            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 400)
            self.assertEqual(len(calls), 1)

        # Filters are allowed if explicitly included in list_filter
        response = self.client.get("%s?color__value__startswith=red" % reverse('admin:admin_views_thing_changelist'))
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        response = self.client.get("%s?color__value=red" % reverse('admin:admin_views_thing_changelist'))
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

        # Filters should be allowed if they involve a local field without the
        # need to whitelist them in list_filter or date_hierarchy.
        response = self.client.get("%s?age__gt=30" % reverse('admin:admin_views_person_changelist'))
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

        e1 = Employee.objects.create(name='Anonymous', gender=1, age=22, alive=True, code='123')
        e2 = Employee.objects.create(name='Visitor', gender=2, age=19, alive=True, code='124')
        WorkHour.objects.create(datum=datetime.datetime.now(), employee=e1)
        WorkHour.objects.create(datum=datetime.datetime.now(), employee=e2)
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_workhour_changelist'))
        self.assertContains(response, 'employee__person_ptr__exact')
        response = self.client.get("%s?employee__person_ptr__exact=%d" % (
            reverse('admin:admin_views_workhour_changelist'), e1.pk)
        )
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

    def test_disallowed_to_field(self):
        with patch_logger('django.security.DisallowedModelAdminToField', 'error') as calls:
            url = reverse('admin:admin_views_section_changelist')
            response = self.client.get(url, {TO_FIELD_VAR: 'missing_field'})
            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 400)
            self.assertEqual(len(calls), 1)

        # Specifying a field that is not referred by any other model registered
        # to this admin site should raise an exception.
        with patch_logger('django.security.DisallowedModelAdminToField', 'error') as calls:
            response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_section_changelist'), {TO_FIELD_VAR: 'name'})
            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 400)
            self.assertEqual(len(calls), 1)

        # #23839 - Primary key should always be allowed, even if the referenced model isn't registered.
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_notreferenced_changelist'), {TO_FIELD_VAR: 'id'})
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

        # #23915 - Specifying a field referenced by another model though a m2m should be allowed.
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_recipe_changelist'), {TO_FIELD_VAR: 'rname'})
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

        # #23604, #23915 - Specifying a field referenced through a reverse m2m relationship should be allowed.
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_ingredient_changelist'), {TO_FIELD_VAR: 'iname'})
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

        # #23329 - Specifying a field that is not referred by any other model directly registered
        # to this admin site but registered through inheritance should be allowed.
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_referencedbyparent_changelist'), {TO_FIELD_VAR: 'name'})
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

        # #23431 - Specifying a field that is only referred to by a inline of a registered
        # model should be allowed.
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_referencedbyinline_changelist'), {TO_FIELD_VAR: 'name'})
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

        # #25622 - Specifying a field of a model only referred by a generic
        # relation should raise DisallowedModelAdminToField.
        url = reverse('admin:admin_views_referencedbygenrel_changelist')
        with patch_logger('django.security.DisallowedModelAdminToField', 'error') as calls:
            response = self.client.get(url, {TO_FIELD_VAR: 'object_id'})
            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 400)
            self.assertEqual(len(calls), 1)

        # We also want to prevent the add, change, and delete views from
        # leaking a disallowed field value.
        with patch_logger('django.security.DisallowedModelAdminToField', 'error') as calls:
            response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_section_add'), {TO_FIELD_VAR: 'name'})
            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 400)
            self.assertEqual(len(calls), 1)

        section = Section.objects.create()
        with patch_logger('django.security.DisallowedModelAdminToField', 'error') as calls:
            url = reverse('admin:admin_views_section_change', args=(section.pk,))
            response = self.client.post(url, {TO_FIELD_VAR: 'name'})
            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 400)
            self.assertEqual(len(calls), 1)

        with patch_logger('django.security.DisallowedModelAdminToField', 'error') as calls:
            url = reverse('admin:admin_views_section_delete', args=(section.pk,))
            response = self.client.post(url, {TO_FIELD_VAR: 'name'})
            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 400)
            self.assertEqual(len(calls), 1)

    def test_allowed_filtering_15103(self):
        """
        Regressions test for ticket 15103 - filtering on fields defined in a
        ForeignKey 'limit_choices_to' should be allowed, otherwise raw_id_fields
        can break.
        """
        # Filters should be allowed if they are defined on a ForeignKey pointing to this model
        url = "%s?leader__name=Palin&leader__age=27" % reverse('admin:admin_views_inquisition_changelist')
        response = self.client.get(url)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

    def test_popup_dismiss_related(self):
        """
        Regression test for ticket 20664 - ensure the pk is properly quoted.
        """
        actor = Actor.objects.create(name="Palin", age=27)
        response = self.client.get("%s?%s" % (reverse('admin:admin_views_actor_changelist'), IS_POPUP_VAR))
        self.assertContains(response, 'data-popup-opener="%s"' % actor.pk)

    def test_hide_change_password(self):
        """
        Tests if the "change password" link in the admin is hidden if the User
        does not have a usable password set.
        (against 9bea85795705d015cdadc82c68b99196a8554f5c)
        """
        user = User.objects.get(username='super')
        user.set_unusable_password()
        user.save()
        self.client.force_login(user)
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:index'))
        self.assertNotContains(
            response, reverse('admin:password_change'),
            msg_prefix='The "change password" link should not be displayed if a user does not have a usable password.'
        )

    def test_change_view_with_show_delete_extra_context(self):
        """
        Ensured that the 'show_delete' context variable in the admin's change
        view actually controls the display of the delete button.
        Refs #10057.
        """
        instance = UndeletableObject.objects.create(name='foo')
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_undeletableobject_change', args=(instance.pk,)))
        self.assertNotContains(response, 'deletelink')

    def test_allows_attributeerror_to_bubble_up(self):
        """
        Ensure that AttributeErrors are allowed to bubble when raised inside
        a change list view.

        Requires a model to be created so there's something to be displayed

        Refs: #16655, #18593, and #18747
        """
        Simple.objects.create()
        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
            self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_simple_changelist'))

    def test_changelist_with_no_change_url(self):
        """
        ModelAdmin.changelist_view shouldn't result in a NoReverseMatch if url
        for change_view is removed from get_urls

        Regression test for #20934
        """
        UnchangeableObject.objects.create()
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_unchangeableobject_changelist'))
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        # Check the format of the shown object -- shouldn't contain a change link
        self.assertContains(response, '<th class="field-__str__">UnchangeableObject object</th>', html=True)

    def test_invalid_appindex_url(self):
        """
        #21056 -- URL reversing shouldn't work for nonexistent apps.
        """
        good_url = '/test_admin/admin/admin_views/'
        confirm_good_url = reverse('admin:app_list',
                                   kwargs={'app_label': 'admin_views'})
        self.assertEqual(good_url, confirm_good_url)

        with self.assertRaises(NoReverseMatch):
            reverse('admin:app_list', kwargs={'app_label': 'this_should_fail'})
        with self.assertRaises(NoReverseMatch):
            reverse('admin:app_list', args=('admin_views2',))

    def test_resolve_admin_views(self):
        index_match = resolve('/test_admin/admin4/')
        list_match = resolve('/test_admin/admin4/auth/user/')
        self.assertIs(index_match.func.admin_site, customadmin.simple_site)
        self.assertIsInstance(list_match.func.model_admin, customadmin.CustomPwdTemplateUserAdmin)

    def test_adminsite_display_site_url(self):
        """
        #13749 - Admin should display link to front-end site 'View site'
        """
        url = reverse('admin:index')
        response = self.client.get(url)
        self.assertEqual(response.context['site_url'], '/my-site-url/')
        self.assertContains(response, '<a href="/my-site-url/">View site</a>')


@override_settings(TEMPLATES=[{
    'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
    # Put this app's and the shared tests templates dirs in DIRS to take precedence
    # over the admin's templates dir.
    'DIRS': [
        os.path.join(os.path.dirname(upath(__file__)), 'templates'),
        os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(upath(__file__))), 'templates'),
    ],
    'APP_DIRS': True,
    'OPTIONS': {
        'context_processors': [
            'django.template.context_processors.debug',
            'django.template.context_processors.request',
            'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
            'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
        ],
    },
}])
class AdminCustomTemplateTests(AdminViewBasicTestCase):
    def test_custom_model_admin_templates(self):
        # Test custom change list template with custom extra context
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_customarticle_changelist'))
        self.assertContains(response, "var hello = 'Hello!';")
        self.assertTemplateUsed(response, 'custom_admin/change_list.html')

        # Test custom add form template
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_customarticle_add'))
        self.assertTemplateUsed(response, 'custom_admin/add_form.html')

        # Add an article so we can test delete, change, and history views
        post = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_customarticle_add'), {
            'content': '<p>great article</p>',
            'date_0': '2008-03-18',
            'date_1': '10:54:39'
        })
        self.assertRedirects(post, reverse('admin:admin_views_customarticle_changelist'))
        self.assertEqual(CustomArticle.objects.all().count(), 1)
        article_pk = CustomArticle.objects.all()[0].pk

        # Test custom delete, change, and object history templates
        # Test custom change form template
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_customarticle_change', args=(article_pk,)))
        self.assertTemplateUsed(response, 'custom_admin/change_form.html')
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_customarticle_delete', args=(article_pk,)))
        self.assertTemplateUsed(response, 'custom_admin/delete_confirmation.html')
        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_customarticle_changelist'), data={
            'index': 0,
            'action': ['delete_selected'],
            '_selected_action': ['1'],
        })
        self.assertTemplateUsed(response, 'custom_admin/delete_selected_confirmation.html')
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_customarticle_history', args=(article_pk,)))
        self.assertTemplateUsed(response, 'custom_admin/object_history.html')

    def test_extended_bodyclass_template_change_form(self):
        """
        Ensure that the admin/change_form.html template uses block.super in the
        bodyclass block.
        """
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_section_add'))
        self.assertContains(response, 'bodyclass_consistency_check ')

    def test_extended_bodyclass_template_change_password(self):
        """
        Ensure that the auth/user/change_password.html template uses block
        super in the bodyclass block.
        """
        user = User.objects.get(username='super')
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:auth_user_password_change', args=(user.id,)))
        self.assertContains(response, 'bodyclass_consistency_check ')

    def test_extended_bodyclass_template_index(self):
        """
        Ensure that the admin/index.html template uses block.super in the
        bodyclass block.
        """
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:index'))
        self.assertContains(response, 'bodyclass_consistency_check ')

    def test_extended_bodyclass_change_list(self):
        """
        Ensure that the admin/change_list.html' template uses block.super
        in the bodyclass block.
        """
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_article_changelist'))
        self.assertContains(response, 'bodyclass_consistency_check ')

    def test_extended_bodyclass_template_login(self):
        """
        Ensure that the admin/login.html template uses block.super in the
        bodyclass block.
        """
        self.client.logout()
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:login'))
        self.assertContains(response, 'bodyclass_consistency_check ')

    def test_extended_bodyclass_template_delete_confirmation(self):
        """
        Ensure that the admin/delete_confirmation.html template uses
        block.super in the bodyclass block.
        """
        group = Group.objects.create(name="foogroup")
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:auth_group_delete', args=(group.id,)))
        self.assertContains(response, 'bodyclass_consistency_check ')

    def test_extended_bodyclass_template_delete_selected_confirmation(self):
        """
        Ensure that the admin/delete_selected_confirmation.html template uses
        block.super in bodyclass block.
        """
        group = Group.objects.create(name="foogroup")
        post_data = {
            'action': 'delete_selected',
            'selected_across': '0',
            'index': '0',
            '_selected_action': group.id
        }
        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:auth_group_changelist'), post_data)
        self.assertEqual(response.context['site_header'], 'Django administration')
        self.assertContains(response, 'bodyclass_consistency_check ')

    def test_filter_with_custom_template(self):
        """
        Ensure that one can use a custom template to render an admin filter.
        Refs #17515.
        """
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_color2_changelist'))
        self.assertTemplateUsed(response, 'custom_filter_template.html')


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='admin_views.urls')
class AdminViewFormUrlTest(TestCase):
    current_app = "admin3"

    @classmethod
    def setUpTestData(cls):
        cls.superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username='super', password='secret', email='super@example.com')
        cls.s1 = Section.objects.create(name='Test section')
        cls.a1 = Article.objects.create(
            content='<p>Middle content</p>', date=datetime.datetime(2008, 3, 18, 11, 54, 58), section=cls.s1
        )
        cls.a2 = Article.objects.create(
            content='<p>Oldest content</p>', date=datetime.datetime(2000, 3, 18, 11, 54, 58), section=cls.s1
        )
        cls.a3 = Article.objects.create(
            content='<p>Newest content</p>', date=datetime.datetime(2009, 3, 18, 11, 54, 58), section=cls.s1
        )
        cls.p1 = PrePopulatedPost.objects.create(title='A Long Title', published=True, slug='a-long-title')

    def setUp(self):
        self.client.force_login(self.superuser)

    def test_change_form_URL_has_correct_value(self):
        """
        Tests whether change_view has form_url in response.context
        """
        response = self.client.get(
            reverse('admin:admin_views_section_change', args=(self.s1.pk,), current_app=self.current_app)
        )
        self.assertIn('form_url', response.context, msg='form_url not present in response.context')
        self.assertEqual(response.context['form_url'], 'pony')

    def test_initial_data_can_be_overridden(self):
        """
        Tests that the behavior for setting initial
        form data can be overridden in the ModelAdmin class.

        Usually, the initial value is set via the GET params.
        """
        response = self.client.get(
            reverse('admin:admin_views_restaurant_add', current_app=self.current_app),
            {'name': 'test_value'}
        )
        # this would be the usual behaviour
        self.assertNotContains(response, 'value="test_value"')
        # this is the overridden behaviour
        self.assertContains(response, 'value="overridden_value"')


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='admin_views.urls')
class AdminJavaScriptTest(TestCase):

    @classmethod
    def setUpTestData(cls):
        cls.superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username='super', password='secret', email='super@example.com')

    def setUp(self):
        self.client.force_login(self.superuser)

    def test_js_minified_only_if_debug_is_false(self):
        """
        Ensure that the minified versions of the JS files are only used when
        DEBUG is False.
        Refs #17521.
        """
        with override_settings(DEBUG=False):
            response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_section_add'))
            self.assertNotContains(response, 'vendor/jquery/jquery.js')
            self.assertContains(response, 'vendor/jquery/jquery.min.js')
            self.assertNotContains(response, 'prepopulate.js')
            self.assertContains(response, 'prepopulate.min.js')
            self.assertNotContains(response, 'actions.js')
            self.assertContains(response, 'actions.min.js')
            self.assertNotContains(response, 'collapse.js')
            self.assertContains(response, 'collapse.min.js')
            self.assertNotContains(response, 'inlines.js')
            self.assertContains(response, 'inlines.min.js')
        with override_settings(DEBUG=True):
            response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_section_add'))
            self.assertContains(response, 'vendor/jquery/jquery.js')
            self.assertNotContains(response, 'vendor/jquery/jquery.min.js')
            self.assertContains(response, 'prepopulate.js')
            self.assertNotContains(response, 'prepopulate.min.js')
            self.assertContains(response, 'actions.js')
            self.assertNotContains(response, 'actions.min.js')
            self.assertContains(response, 'collapse.js')
            self.assertNotContains(response, 'collapse.min.js')
            self.assertContains(response, 'inlines.js')
            self.assertNotContains(response, 'inlines.min.js')


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='admin_views.urls')
class SaveAsTests(TestCase):

    @classmethod
    def setUpTestData(cls):
        cls.superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username='super', password='secret', email='super@example.com')
        cls.per1 = Person.objects.create(name='John Mauchly', gender=1, alive=True)

    def setUp(self):
        self.client.force_login(self.superuser)

    def test_save_as_duplication(self):
        """Ensure save as actually creates a new person"""
        post_data = {'_saveasnew': '', 'name': 'John M', 'gender': 1, 'age': 42}
        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_person_change', args=(self.per1.pk,)), post_data)
        self.assertEqual(len(Person.objects.filter(name='John M')), 1)
        self.assertEqual(len(Person.objects.filter(id=self.per1.pk)), 1)
        new_person = Person.objects.latest('id')
        self.assertRedirects(response, reverse('admin:admin_views_person_change', args=(new_person.pk,)))

    def test_save_as_continue_false(self):
        """
        Saving a new object using "Save as new" redirects to the changelist
        instead of the change view when ModelAdmin.save_as_continue=False.
        """
        post_data = {'_saveasnew': '', 'name': 'John M', 'gender': 1, 'age': 42}
        url = reverse('admin:admin_views_person_change', args=(self.per1.pk,), current_app=site2.name)
        response = self.client.post(url, post_data)
        self.assertEqual(len(Person.objects.filter(name='John M')), 1)
        self.assertEqual(len(Person.objects.filter(id=self.per1.pk)), 1)
        self.assertRedirects(response, reverse('admin:admin_views_person_changelist', current_app=site2.name))

    def test_save_as_new_with_validation_errors(self):
        """
        Ensure that when you click "Save as new" and have a validation error,
        you only see the "Save as new" button and not the other save buttons,
        and that only the "Save as" button is visible.
        """
        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_person_change', args=(self.per1.pk,)), {
            '_saveasnew': '',
            'gender': 'invalid',
            '_addanother': 'fail',
        })
        self.assertContains(response, 'Please correct the errors below.')
        self.assertFalse(response.context['show_save_and_add_another'])
        self.assertFalse(response.context['show_save_and_continue'])
        self.assertTrue(response.context['show_save_as_new'])

    def test_save_as_new_with_validation_errors_with_inlines(self):
        parent = Parent.objects.create(name='Father')
        child = Child.objects.create(parent=parent, name='Child')
        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_parent_change', args=(parent.pk,)), {
            '_saveasnew': 'Save as new',
            'child_set-0-parent': parent.pk,
            'child_set-0-id': child.pk,
            'child_set-0-name': 'Child',
            'child_set-INITIAL_FORMS': 1,
            'child_set-MAX_NUM_FORMS': 1000,
            'child_set-MIN_NUM_FORMS': 0,
            'child_set-TOTAL_FORMS': 4,
            'name': '_invalid',
        })
        self.assertContains(response, 'Please correct the error below.')
        self.assertFalse(response.context['show_save_and_add_another'])
        self.assertFalse(response.context['show_save_and_continue'])
        self.assertTrue(response.context['show_save_as_new'])

    def test_save_as_new_with_inlines_with_validation_errors(self):
        parent = Parent.objects.create(name='Father')
        child = Child.objects.create(parent=parent, name='Child')
        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_parent_change', args=(parent.pk,)), {
            '_saveasnew': 'Save as new',
            'child_set-0-parent': parent.pk,
            'child_set-0-id': child.pk,
            'child_set-0-name': '_invalid',
            'child_set-INITIAL_FORMS': 1,
            'child_set-MAX_NUM_FORMS': 1000,
            'child_set-MIN_NUM_FORMS': 0,
            'child_set-TOTAL_FORMS': 4,
            'name': 'Father',
        })
        self.assertContains(response, 'Please correct the error below.')
        self.assertFalse(response.context['show_save_and_add_another'])
        self.assertFalse(response.context['show_save_and_continue'])
        self.assertTrue(response.context['show_save_as_new'])


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='admin_views.urls')
class CustomModelAdminTest(AdminViewBasicTestCase):

    def test_custom_admin_site_login_form(self):
        self.client.logout()
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin2:index'), follow=True)
        self.assertIsInstance(response, TemplateResponse)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        login = self.client.post(reverse('admin2:login'), {
            REDIRECT_FIELD_NAME: reverse('admin2:index'),
            'username': 'customform',
            'password': 'secret',
        }, follow=True)
        self.assertIsInstance(login, TemplateResponse)
        self.assertEqual(login.status_code, 200)
        self.assertContains(login, 'custom form error')
        self.assertContains(login, 'path/to/media.css')

    def test_custom_admin_site_login_template(self):
        self.client.logout()
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin2:index'), follow=True)
        self.assertIsInstance(response, TemplateResponse)
        self.assertTemplateUsed(response, 'custom_admin/login.html')
        self.assertContains(response, 'Hello from a custom login template')

    def test_custom_admin_site_logout_template(self):
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin2:logout'))
        self.assertIsInstance(response, TemplateResponse)
        self.assertTemplateUsed(response, 'custom_admin/logout.html')
        self.assertContains(response, 'Hello from a custom logout template')

    def test_custom_admin_site_index_view_and_template(self):
        try:
            response = self.client.get(reverse('admin2:index'))
        except TypeError:
            self.fail('AdminSite.index_template should accept a list of template paths')
        self.assertIsInstance(response, TemplateResponse)
        self.assertTemplateUsed(response, 'custom_admin/index.html')
        self.assertContains(response, 'Hello from a custom index template *bar*')

    def test_custom_admin_site_app_index_view_and_template(self):
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin2:app_list', args=('admin_views',)))
        self.assertIsInstance(response, TemplateResponse)
        self.assertTemplateUsed(response, 'custom_admin/app_index.html')
        self.assertContains(response, 'Hello from a custom app_index template')

    def test_custom_admin_site_password_change_template(self):
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin2:password_change'))
        self.assertIsInstance(response, TemplateResponse)
        self.assertTemplateUsed(response, 'custom_admin/password_change_form.html')
        self.assertContains(response, 'Hello from a custom password change form template')

    def test_custom_admin_site_password_change_with_extra_context(self):
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin2:password_change'))
        self.assertIsInstance(response, TemplateResponse)
        self.assertTemplateUsed(response, 'custom_admin/password_change_form.html')
        self.assertContains(response, 'eggs')

    def test_custom_admin_site_password_change_done_template(self):
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin2:password_change_done'))
        self.assertIsInstance(response, TemplateResponse)
        self.assertTemplateUsed(response, 'custom_admin/password_change_done.html')
        self.assertContains(response, 'Hello from a custom password change done template')

    def test_custom_admin_site_view(self):
        self.client.force_login(self.superuser)
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin2:my_view'))
        self.assertEqual(response.content, b"Django is a magical pony!")

    def test_pwd_change_custom_template(self):
        self.client.force_login(self.superuser)
        su = User.objects.get(username='super')
        try:
            response = self.client.get(
                reverse('admin4:auth_user_password_change', args=(su.pk,))
            )
        except TypeError:
            self.fail('ModelAdmin.change_user_password_template should accept a list of template paths')
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)


def get_perm(Model, perm):
    """Return the permission object, for the Model"""
    ct = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(Model)
    return Permission.objects.get(content_type=ct, codename=perm)


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='admin_views.urls')
class AdminViewPermissionsTest(TestCase):
    """Tests for Admin Views Permissions."""

    @classmethod
    def setUpTestData(cls):
        cls.superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username='super', password='secret', email='super@example.com')
        cls.adduser = User.objects.create_user(username='adduser', password='secret', is_staff=True)
        cls.changeuser = User.objects.create_user(username='changeuser', password='secret', is_staff=True)
        cls.deleteuser = User.objects.create_user(username='deleteuser', password='secret', is_staff=True)
        cls.joepublicuser = User.objects.create_user(username='joepublic', password='secret')
        cls.nostaffuser = User.objects.create_user(username='nostaff', password='secret')
        cls.s1 = Section.objects.create(name='Test section')
        cls.a1 = Article.objects.create(
            content='<p>Middle content</p>', date=datetime.datetime(2008, 3, 18, 11, 54, 58), section=cls.s1,
            another_section=cls.s1,
        )
        cls.a2 = Article.objects.create(
            content='<p>Oldest content</p>', date=datetime.datetime(2000, 3, 18, 11, 54, 58), section=cls.s1
        )
        cls.a3 = Article.objects.create(
            content='<p>Newest content</p>', date=datetime.datetime(2009, 3, 18, 11, 54, 58), section=cls.s1
        )
        cls.p1 = PrePopulatedPost.objects.create(title='A Long Title', published=True, slug='a-long-title')

        # Setup permissions, for our users who can add, change, and delete.
        opts = Article._meta

        # User who can add Articles
        cls.adduser.user_permissions.add(get_perm(Article, get_permission_codename('add', opts)))
        # User who can change Articles
        cls.changeuser.user_permissions.add(get_perm(Article, get_permission_codename('change', opts)))
        cls.nostaffuser.user_permissions.add(get_perm(Article, get_permission_codename('change', opts)))

        # User who can delete Articles
        cls.deleteuser.user_permissions.add(get_perm(Article, get_permission_codename('delete', opts)))
        cls.deleteuser.user_permissions.add(get_perm(Section, get_permission_codename('delete', Section._meta)))

        # login POST dicts
        cls.index_url = reverse('admin:index')
        cls.super_login = {
            REDIRECT_FIELD_NAME: cls.index_url,
            'username': 'super',
            'password': 'secret',
        }
        cls.super_email_login = {
            REDIRECT_FIELD_NAME: cls.index_url,
            'username': 'super@example.com',
            'password': 'secret',
        }
        cls.super_email_bad_login = {
            REDIRECT_FIELD_NAME: cls.index_url,
            'username': 'super@example.com',
            'password': 'notsecret',
        }
        cls.adduser_login = {
            REDIRECT_FIELD_NAME: cls.index_url,
            'username': 'adduser',
            'password': 'secret',
        }
        cls.changeuser_login = {
            REDIRECT_FIELD_NAME: cls.index_url,
            'username': 'changeuser',
            'password': 'secret',
        }
        cls.deleteuser_login = {
            REDIRECT_FIELD_NAME: cls.index_url,
            'username': 'deleteuser',
            'password': 'secret',
        }
        cls.nostaff_login = {
            REDIRECT_FIELD_NAME: reverse('has_permission_admin:index'),
            'username': 'nostaff',
            'password': 'secret',
        }
        cls.joepublic_login = {
            REDIRECT_FIELD_NAME: cls.index_url,
            'username': 'joepublic',
            'password': 'secret',
        }
        cls.no_username_login = {
            REDIRECT_FIELD_NAME: cls.index_url,
            'password': 'secret',
        }

    def test_login(self):
        """
        Make sure only staff members can log in.

        Successful posts to the login page will redirect to the original url.
        Unsuccessful attempts will continue to render the login page with
        a 200 status code.
        """
        login_url = '%s?next=%s' % (reverse('admin:login'), reverse('admin:index'))
        # Super User
        response = self.client.get(self.index_url)
        self.assertRedirects(response, login_url)
        login = self.client.post(login_url, self.super_login)
        self.assertRedirects(login, self.index_url)
        self.assertFalse(login.context)
        self.client.get(reverse('admin:logout'))

        # Test if user enters email address
        response = self.client.get(self.index_url)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
        login = self.client.post(login_url, self.super_email_login)
        self.assertContains(login, ERROR_MESSAGE)
        # only correct passwords get a username hint
        login = self.client.post(login_url, self.super_email_bad_login)
        self.assertContains(login, ERROR_MESSAGE)
        new_user = User(username='jondoe', password='secret', email='super@example.com')
        new_user.save()
        # check to ensure if there are multiple email addresses a user doesn't get a 500
        login = self.client.post(login_url, self.super_email_login)
        self.assertContains(login, ERROR_MESSAGE)

        # Add User
        response = self.client.get(self.index_url)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
        login = self.client.post(login_url, self.adduser_login)
        self.assertRedirects(login, self.index_url)
        self.assertFalse(login.context)
        self.client.get(reverse('admin:logout'))

        # Change User
        response = self.client.get(self.index_url)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
        login = self.client.post(login_url, self.changeuser_login)
        self.assertRedirects(login, self.index_url)
        self.assertFalse(login.context)
        self.client.get(reverse('admin:logout'))

        # Delete User
        response = self.client.get(self.index_url)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
        login = self.client.post(login_url, self.deleteuser_login)
        self.assertRedirects(login, self.index_url)
        self.assertFalse(login.context)
        self.client.get(reverse('admin:logout'))

        # Regular User should not be able to login.
        response = self.client.get(self.index_url)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
        login = self.client.post(login_url, self.joepublic_login)
        self.assertEqual(login.status_code, 200)
        self.assertContains(login, ERROR_MESSAGE)

        # Requests without username should not return 500 errors.
        response = self.client.get(self.index_url)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
        login = self.client.post(login_url, self.no_username_login)
        self.assertEqual(login.status_code, 200)
        form = login.context[0].get('form')
        self.assertEqual(form.errors['username'][0], 'This field is required.')

    def test_login_redirect_for_direct_get(self):
        """
        Login redirect should be to the admin index page when going directly to
        /admin/login/.
        """
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:login'))
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        self.assertEqual(response.context[REDIRECT_FIELD_NAME], reverse('admin:index'))

    def test_login_has_permission(self):
        # Regular User should not be able to login.
        response = self.client.get(reverse('has_permission_admin:index'))
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
        login = self.client.post(reverse('has_permission_admin:login'), self.joepublic_login)
        self.assertEqual(login.status_code, 200)
        self.assertContains(login, 'permission denied')

        # User with permissions should be able to login.
        response = self.client.get(reverse('has_permission_admin:index'))
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
        login = self.client.post(reverse('has_permission_admin:login'), self.nostaff_login)
        self.assertRedirects(login, reverse('has_permission_admin:index'))
        self.assertFalse(login.context)
        self.client.get(reverse('has_permission_admin:logout'))

        # Staff should be able to login.
        response = self.client.get(reverse('has_permission_admin:index'))
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
        login = self.client.post(reverse('has_permission_admin:login'), {
            REDIRECT_FIELD_NAME: reverse('has_permission_admin:index'),
            'username': 'deleteuser',
            'password': 'secret',
        })
        self.assertRedirects(login, reverse('has_permission_admin:index'))
        self.assertFalse(login.context)
        self.client.get(reverse('has_permission_admin:logout'))

    def test_login_successfully_redirects_to_original_URL(self):
        response = self.client.get(self.index_url)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
        query_string = 'the-answer=42'
        redirect_url = '%s?%s' % (self.index_url, query_string)
        new_next = {REDIRECT_FIELD_NAME: redirect_url}
        post_data = self.super_login.copy()
        post_data.pop(REDIRECT_FIELD_NAME)
        login = self.client.post(
            '%s?%s' % (reverse('admin:login'), urlencode(new_next)),
            post_data)
        self.assertRedirects(login, redirect_url)

    def test_double_login_is_not_allowed(self):
        """Regression test for #19327"""
        login_url = '%s?next=%s' % (reverse('admin:login'), reverse('admin:index'))

        response = self.client.get(self.index_url)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)

        # Establish a valid admin session
        login = self.client.post(login_url, self.super_login)
        self.assertRedirects(login, self.index_url)
        self.assertFalse(login.context)

        # Logging in with non-admin user fails
        login = self.client.post(login_url, self.joepublic_login)
        self.assertEqual(login.status_code, 200)
        self.assertContains(login, ERROR_MESSAGE)

        # Establish a valid admin session
        login = self.client.post(login_url, self.super_login)
        self.assertRedirects(login, self.index_url)
        self.assertFalse(login.context)

        # Logging in with admin user while already logged in
        login = self.client.post(login_url, self.super_login)
        self.assertRedirects(login, self.index_url)
        self.assertFalse(login.context)
        self.client.get(reverse('admin:logout'))

    def test_login_page_notice_for_non_staff_users(self):
        """
        A logged-in non-staff user trying to access the admin index should be
        presented with the login page and a hint indicating that the current
        user doesn't have access to it.
        """
        hint_template = 'You are authenticated as {}'

        # Anonymous user should not be shown the hint
        response = self.client.get(self.index_url, follow=True)
        self.assertContains(response, 'login-form')
        self.assertNotContains(response, hint_template.format(''), status_code=200)

        # Non-staff user should be shown the hint
        self.client.force_login(self.nostaffuser)
        response = self.client.get(self.index_url, follow=True)
        self.assertContains(response, 'login-form')
        self.assertContains(response, hint_template.format(self.nostaffuser.username), status_code=200)

    def test_add_view(self):
        """Test add view restricts access and actually adds items."""
        add_dict = {'title': 'Døm ikke',
                    'content': '<p>great article</p>',
                    'date_0': '2008-03-18', 'date_1': '10:54:39',
                    'section': self.s1.pk}

        # Change User should not have access to add articles
        self.client.force_login(self.changeuser)
        # make sure the view removes test cookie
        self.assertEqual(self.client.session.test_cookie_worked(), False)
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_article_add'))
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 403)
        # Try POST just to make sure
        post = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_article_add'), add_dict)
        self.assertEqual(post.status_code, 403)
        self.assertEqual(Article.objects.count(), 3)
        self.client.get(reverse('admin:logout'))

        # Add user may login and POST to add view, then redirect to admin root
        self.client.force_login(self.adduser)
        addpage = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_article_add'))
        change_list_link = '&rsaquo; <a href="%s">Articles</a>' % reverse('admin:admin_views_article_changelist')
        self.assertNotContains(
            addpage, change_list_link,
            msg_prefix='User restricted to add permission is given link to change list view in breadcrumbs.'
        )
        post = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_article_add'), add_dict)
        self.assertRedirects(post, self.index_url)
        self.assertEqual(Article.objects.count(), 4)
        self.assertEqual(len(mail.outbox), 1)
        self.assertEqual(mail.outbox[0].subject, 'Greetings from a created object')
        self.client.get(reverse('admin:logout'))

        # Check that the addition was logged correctly
        addition_log = LogEntry.objects.all()[0]
        new_article = Article.objects.last()
        article_ct = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(Article)
        self.assertEqual(addition_log.user_id, self.adduser.pk)
        self.assertEqual(addition_log.content_type_id, article_ct.pk)
        self.assertEqual(addition_log.object_id, str(new_article.pk))
        self.assertEqual(addition_log.object_repr, "Døm ikke")
        self.assertEqual(addition_log.action_flag, ADDITION)
        self.assertEqual(addition_log.get_change_message(), "Added.")

        # Super can add too, but is redirected to the change list view
        self.client.force_login(self.superuser)
        addpage = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_article_add'))
        self.assertContains(
            addpage, change_list_link,
            msg_prefix='Unrestricted user is not given link to change list view in breadcrumbs.'
        )
        post = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_article_add'), add_dict)
        self.assertRedirects(post, reverse('admin:admin_views_article_changelist'))
        self.assertEqual(Article.objects.count(), 5)
        self.client.get(reverse('admin:logout'))

        # 8509 - if a normal user is already logged in, it is possible
        # to change user into the superuser without error
        self.client.force_login(self.joepublicuser)
        # Check and make sure that if user expires, data still persists
        self.client.force_login(self.superuser)
        # make sure the view removes test cookie
        self.assertEqual(self.client.session.test_cookie_worked(), False)

    def test_change_view(self):
        """Change view should restrict access and allow users to edit items."""
        change_dict = {'title': 'Ikke fordømt',
                       'content': '<p>edited article</p>',
                       'date_0': '2008-03-18', 'date_1': '10:54:39',
                       'section': self.s1.pk}
        article_change_url = reverse('admin:admin_views_article_change', args=(self.a1.pk,))
        article_changelist_url = reverse('admin:admin_views_article_changelist')

        # add user should not be able to view the list of article or change any of them
        self.client.force_login(self.adduser)
        response = self.client.get(article_changelist_url)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 403)
        response = self.client.get(article_change_url)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 403)
        post = self.client.post(article_change_url, change_dict)
        self.assertEqual(post.status_code, 403)
        self.client.get(reverse('admin:logout'))

        # change user can view all items and edit them
        self.client.force_login(self.changeuser)
        response = self.client.get(article_changelist_url)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        response = self.client.get(article_change_url)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        post = self.client.post(article_change_url, change_dict)
        self.assertRedirects(post, article_changelist_url)
        self.assertEqual(Article.objects.get(pk=self.a1.pk).content, '<p>edited article</p>')

        # one error in form should produce singular error message, multiple errors plural
        change_dict['title'] = ''
        post = self.client.post(article_change_url, change_dict)
        self.assertContains(
            post, 'Please correct the error below.',
            msg_prefix='Singular error message not found in response to post with one error'
        )

        change_dict['content'] = ''
        post = self.client.post(article_change_url, change_dict)
        self.assertContains(
            post, 'Please correct the errors below.',
            msg_prefix='Plural error message not found in response to post with multiple errors'
        )
        self.client.get(reverse('admin:logout'))

        # Test redirection when using row-level change permissions. Refs #11513.
        r1 = RowLevelChangePermissionModel.objects.create(id=1, name="odd id")
        r2 = RowLevelChangePermissionModel.objects.create(id=2, name="even id")
        change_url_1 = reverse('admin:admin_views_rowlevelchangepermissionmodel_change', args=(r1.pk,))
        change_url_2 = reverse('admin:admin_views_rowlevelchangepermissionmodel_change', args=(r2.pk,))
        for login_user in [self.superuser, self.adduser, self.changeuser, self.deleteuser]:
            self.client.force_login(login_user)
            response = self.client.get(change_url_1)
            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 403)
            response = self.client.post(change_url_1, {'name': 'changed'})
            self.assertEqual(RowLevelChangePermissionModel.objects.get(id=1).name, 'odd id')
            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 403)
            response = self.client.get(change_url_2)
            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
            response = self.client.post(change_url_2, {'name': 'changed'})
            self.assertEqual(RowLevelChangePermissionModel.objects.get(id=2).name, 'changed')
            self.assertRedirects(response, self.index_url)
            self.client.get(reverse('admin:logout'))

        for login_user in [self.joepublicuser, self.nostaffuser]:
            self.client.force_login(login_user)
            response = self.client.get(change_url_1, follow=True)
            self.assertContains(response, 'login-form')
            response = self.client.post(change_url_1, {'name': 'changed'}, follow=True)
            self.assertEqual(RowLevelChangePermissionModel.objects.get(id=1).name, 'odd id')
            self.assertContains(response, 'login-form')
            response = self.client.get(change_url_2, follow=True)
            self.assertContains(response, 'login-form')
            response = self.client.post(change_url_2, {'name': 'changed again'}, follow=True)
            self.assertEqual(RowLevelChangePermissionModel.objects.get(id=2).name, 'changed')
            self.assertContains(response, 'login-form')
            self.client.get(reverse('admin:logout'))

    def test_change_view_save_as_new(self):
        """
        'Save as new' should raise PermissionDenied for users without the 'add'
        permission.
        """
        change_dict_save_as_new = {
            '_saveasnew': 'Save as new',
            'title': 'Ikke fordømt',
            'content': '<p>edited article</p>',
            'date_0': '2008-03-18', 'date_1': '10:54:39',
            'section': self.s1.pk,
        }
        article_change_url = reverse('admin:admin_views_article_change', args=(self.a1.pk,))

        # Add user can perform "Save as new".
        article_count = Article.objects.count()
        self.client.force_login(self.adduser)
        post = self.client.post(article_change_url, change_dict_save_as_new)
        self.assertRedirects(post, self.index_url)
        self.assertEqual(Article.objects.count(), article_count + 1)
        self.client.logout()

        # Change user cannot perform "Save as new" (no 'add' permission).
        article_count = Article.objects.count()
        self.client.force_login(self.changeuser)
        post = self.client.post(article_change_url, change_dict_save_as_new)
        self.assertEqual(post.status_code, 403)
        self.assertEqual(Article.objects.count(), article_count)

        # User with both add and change permissions should be redirected to the
        # change page for the newly created object.
        article_count = Article.objects.count()
        self.client.force_login(self.superuser)
        post = self.client.post(article_change_url, change_dict_save_as_new)
        self.assertEqual(Article.objects.count(), article_count + 1)
        new_article = Article.objects.latest('id')
        self.assertRedirects(post, reverse('admin:admin_views_article_change', args=(new_article.pk,)))

    def test_delete_view(self):
        """Delete view should restrict access and actually delete items."""
        delete_dict = {'post': 'yes'}
        delete_url = reverse('admin:admin_views_article_delete', args=(self.a1.pk,))

        # add user should not be able to delete articles
        self.client.force_login(self.adduser)
        response = self.client.get(delete_url)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 403)
        post = self.client.post(delete_url, delete_dict)
        self.assertEqual(post.status_code, 403)
        self.assertEqual(Article.objects.count(), 3)
        self.client.logout()

        # Delete user can delete
        self.client.force_login(self.deleteuser)
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_section_delete', args=(self.s1.pk,)))
        self.assertContains(response, "<h2>Summary</h2>")
        self.assertContains(response, "<li>Articles: 3</li>")
        # test response contains link to related Article
        self.assertContains(response, "admin_views/article/%s/" % self.a1.pk)

        response = self.client.get(delete_url)
        self.assertContains(response, "admin_views/article/%s/" % self.a1.pk)
        self.assertContains(response, "<h2>Summary</h2>")
        self.assertContains(response, "<li>Articles: 1</li>")
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        post = self.client.post(delete_url, delete_dict)
        self.assertRedirects(post, self.index_url)
        self.assertEqual(Article.objects.count(), 2)
        self.assertEqual(len(mail.outbox), 1)
        self.assertEqual(mail.outbox[0].subject, 'Greetings from a deleted object')
        article_ct = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(Article)
        logged = LogEntry.objects.get(content_type=article_ct, action_flag=DELETION)
        self.assertEqual(logged.object_id, str(self.a1.pk))

    def test_history_view(self):
        """History view should restrict access."""
        # add user should not be able to view the list of article or change any of them
        self.client.force_login(self.adduser)
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_article_history', args=(self.a1.pk,)))
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 403)
        self.client.get(reverse('admin:logout'))

        # change user can view all items and edit them
        self.client.force_login(self.changeuser)
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_article_history', args=(self.a1.pk,)))
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

        # Test redirection when using row-level change permissions. Refs #11513.
        rl1 = RowLevelChangePermissionModel.objects.create(name="odd id")
        rl2 = RowLevelChangePermissionModel.objects.create(name="even id")
        for login_user in [self.superuser, self.adduser, self.changeuser, self.deleteuser]:
            self.client.force_login(login_user)
            url = reverse('admin:admin_views_rowlevelchangepermissionmodel_history', args=(rl1.pk,))
            response = self.client.get(url)
            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 403)

            url = reverse('admin:admin_views_rowlevelchangepermissionmodel_history', args=(rl2.pk,))
            response = self.client.get(url)
            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

            self.client.get(reverse('admin:logout'))

        for login_user in [self.joepublicuser, self.nostaffuser]:
            self.client.force_login(login_user)
            url = reverse('admin:admin_views_rowlevelchangepermissionmodel_history', args=(rl1.pk,))
            response = self.client.get(url, follow=True)
            self.assertContains(response, 'login-form')
            url = reverse('admin:admin_views_rowlevelchangepermissionmodel_history', args=(rl2.pk,))
            response = self.client.get(url, follow=True)
            self.assertContains(response, 'login-form')

            self.client.get(reverse('admin:logout'))

    def test_history_view_bad_url(self):
        self.client.force_login(self.changeuser)
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_article_history', args=('foo',)))
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 404)

    def test_conditionally_show_add_section_link(self):
        """
        The foreign key widget should only show the "add related" button if the
        user has permission to add that related item.
        """
        self.client.force_login(self.adduser)
        # The user can't add sections yet, so they shouldn't see the "add section" link.
        url = reverse('admin:admin_views_article_add')
        add_link_text = 'add_id_section'
        response = self.client.get(url)
        self.assertNotContains(response, add_link_text)
        # Allow the user to add sections too. Now they can see the "add section" link.
        user = User.objects.get(username='adduser')
        perm = get_perm(Section, get_permission_codename('add', Section._meta))
        user.user_permissions.add(perm)
        response = self.client.get(url)
        self.assertContains(response, add_link_text)

    def test_conditionally_show_change_section_link(self):
        """
        The foreign key widget should only show the "change related" button if
        the user has permission to change that related item.
        """
        def get_change_related(response):
            return response.context['adminform'].form.fields['section'].widget.can_change_related

        self.client.force_login(self.adduser)
        # The user can't change sections yet, so they shouldn't see the "change section" link.
        url = reverse('admin:admin_views_article_add')
        change_link_text = 'change_id_section'
        response = self.client.get(url)
        self.assertFalse(get_change_related(response))
        self.assertNotContains(response, change_link_text)
        # Allow the user to change sections too. Now they can see the "change section" link.
        user = User.objects.get(username='adduser')
        perm = get_perm(Section, get_permission_codename('change', Section._meta))
        user.user_permissions.add(perm)
        response = self.client.get(url)
        self.assertTrue(get_change_related(response))
        self.assertContains(response, change_link_text)

    def test_conditionally_show_delete_section_link(self):
        """
        The foreign key widget should only show the "delete related" button if
        the user has permission to delete that related item.
        """
        def get_delete_related(response):
            return response.context['adminform'].form.fields['sub_section'].widget.can_delete_related

        self.client.force_login(self.adduser)
        # The user can't delete sections yet, so they shouldn't see the "delete section" link.
        url = reverse('admin:admin_views_article_add')
        delete_link_text = 'delete_id_sub_section'
        response = self.client.get(url)
        self.assertFalse(get_delete_related(response))
        self.assertNotContains(response, delete_link_text)
        # Allow the user to delete sections too. Now they can see the "delete section" link.
        user = User.objects.get(username='adduser')
        perm = get_perm(Section, get_permission_codename('delete', Section._meta))
        user.user_permissions.add(perm)
        response = self.client.get(url)
        self.assertTrue(get_delete_related(response))
        self.assertContains(response, delete_link_text)

    def test_disabled_permissions_when_logged_in(self):
        self.client.force_login(self.superuser)
        superuser = User.objects.get(username='super')
        superuser.is_active = False
        superuser.save()

        response = self.client.get(self.index_url, follow=True)
        self.assertContains(response, 'id="login-form"')
        self.assertNotContains(response, 'Log out')

        response = self.client.get(reverse('secure_view'), follow=True)
        self.assertContains(response, 'id="login-form"')

    def test_disabled_staff_permissions_when_logged_in(self):
        self.client.force_login(self.superuser)
        superuser = User.objects.get(username='super')
        superuser.is_staff = False
        superuser.save()

        response = self.client.get(self.index_url, follow=True)
        self.assertContains(response, 'id="login-form"')
        self.assertNotContains(response, 'Log out')

        response = self.client.get(reverse('secure_view'), follow=True)
        self.assertContains(response, 'id="login-form"')

    def test_app_index_fail_early(self):
        """
        If a user has no module perms, avoid iterating over all the modeladmins
        in the registry.
        """
        opts = Article._meta
        change_user = User.objects.get(username='changeuser')
        permission = get_perm(Article, get_permission_codename('change', opts))

        self.client.force_login(self.changeuser)

        # the user has no module permissions, because this module doesn't exist
        change_user.user_permissions.remove(permission)
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:app_list', args=('admin_views',)))
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 403)

        # the user now has module permissions
        change_user.user_permissions.add(permission)
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:app_list', args=('admin_views',)))
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

    def test_shortcut_view_only_available_to_staff(self):
        """
        Only admin users should be able to use the admin shortcut view.
        """
        model_ctype = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(ModelWithStringPrimaryKey)
        obj = ModelWithStringPrimaryKey.objects.create(string_pk='foo')
        shortcut_url = reverse('admin:view_on_site', args=(model_ctype.pk, obj.pk))

        # Not logged in: we should see the login page.
        response = self.client.get(shortcut_url, follow=True)
        self.assertTemplateUsed(response, 'admin/login.html')

        # Logged in? Redirect.
        self.client.force_login(self.superuser)
        response = self.client.get(shortcut_url, follow=False)
        # Can't use self.assertRedirects() because User.get_absolute_url() is silly.
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
        # Domain may depend on contrib.sites tests also run
        six.assertRegex(self, response.url, 'http://(testserver|example.com)/dummy/foo/')

    def test_has_module_permission(self):
        """
        Ensure that has_module_permission() returns True for all users who
        have any permission for that module (add, change, or delete), so that
        the module is displayed on the admin index page.
        """
        self.client.force_login(self.superuser)
        response = self.client.get(self.index_url)
        self.assertContains(response, 'admin_views')
        self.assertContains(response, 'Articles')
        self.client.logout()

        self.client.force_login(self.adduser)
        response = self.client.get(self.index_url)
        self.assertContains(response, 'admin_views')
        self.assertContains(response, 'Articles')
        self.client.logout()

        self.client.force_login(self.changeuser)
        response = self.client.get(self.index_url)
        self.assertContains(response, 'admin_views')
        self.assertContains(response, 'Articles')
        self.client.logout()

        self.client.force_login(self.deleteuser)
        response = self.client.get(self.index_url)
        self.assertContains(response, 'admin_views')
        self.assertContains(response, 'Articles')

    def test_overriding_has_module_permission(self):
        """
        Ensure that overriding has_module_permission() has the desired effect.
        In this case, it always returns False, so the module should not be
        displayed on the admin index page for any users.
        """
        index_url = reverse('admin7:index')

        self.client.force_login(self.superuser)
        response = self.client.get(index_url)
        self.assertNotContains(response, 'admin_views')
        self.assertNotContains(response, 'Articles')
        self.client.logout()

        self.client.force_login(self.adduser)
        response = self.client.get(index_url)
        self.assertNotContains(response, 'admin_views')
        self.assertNotContains(response, 'Articles')
        self.client.logout()

        self.client.force_login(self.changeuser)
        response = self.client.get(index_url)
        self.assertNotContains(response, 'admin_views')
        self.assertNotContains(response, 'Articles')
        self.client.logout()

        self.client.force_login(self.deleteuser)
        response = self.client.get(index_url)
        self.assertNotContains(response, 'admin_views')
        self.assertNotContains(response, 'Articles')

    def test_post_save_message_no_forbidden_links_visible(self):
        """
        Post-save message shouldn't contain a link to the change form if the
        user doen't have the change permission.
        """
        self.client.force_login(self.adduser)
        # Emulate Article creation for user with add-only permission.
        post_data = {
            "title": "Fun & games",
            "content": "Some content",
            "date_0": "2015-10-31",
            "date_1": "16:35:00",
            "_save": "Save",
        }
        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_article_add'), post_data, follow=True)
        self.assertContains(
            response,
            '<li class="success">The article "Fun &amp; games" was added successfully.</li>',
            html=True
        )


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='admin_views.urls')
class AdminViewsNoUrlTest(TestCase):
    """Regression test for #17333"""

    @classmethod
    def setUpTestData(cls):
        # User who can change Reports
        cls.changeuser = User.objects.create_user(username='changeuser', password='secret', is_staff=True)
        cls.changeuser.user_permissions.add(get_perm(Report, get_permission_codename('change', Report._meta)))

    def test_no_standard_modeladmin_urls(self):
        """Admin index views don't break when user's ModelAdmin removes standard urls"""
        self.client.force_login(self.changeuser)
        r = self.client.get(reverse('admin:index'))
        # we shouldn't get a 500 error caused by a NoReverseMatch
        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 200)
        self.client.get(reverse('admin:logout'))


@skipUnlessDBFeature('can_defer_constraint_checks')
@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='admin_views.urls')
class AdminViewDeletedObjectsTest(TestCase):

    @classmethod
    def setUpTestData(cls):
        cls.superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username='super', password='secret', email='super@example.com')
        cls.deleteuser = User.objects.create_user(username='deleteuser', password='secret', is_staff=True)
        cls.s1 = Section.objects.create(name='Test section')
        cls.a1 = Article.objects.create(
            content='<p>Middle content</p>', date=datetime.datetime(2008, 3, 18, 11, 54, 58), section=cls.s1
        )
        cls.a2 = Article.objects.create(
            content='<p>Oldest content</p>', date=datetime.datetime(2000, 3, 18, 11, 54, 58), section=cls.s1
        )
        cls.a3 = Article.objects.create(
            content='<p>Newest content</p>', date=datetime.datetime(2009, 3, 18, 11, 54, 58), section=cls.s1
        )
        cls.p1 = PrePopulatedPost.objects.create(title='A Long Title', published=True, slug='a-long-title')

        cls.v1 = Villain.objects.create(name='Adam')
        cls.v2 = Villain.objects.create(name='Sue')
        cls.sv1 = SuperVillain.objects.create(name='Bob')
        cls.pl1 = Plot.objects.create(name='World Domination', team_leader=cls.v1, contact=cls.v2)
        cls.pl2 = Plot.objects.create(name='World Peace', team_leader=cls.v2, contact=cls.v2)
        cls.pl3 = Plot.objects.create(name='Corn Conspiracy', team_leader=cls.v1, contact=cls.v1)
        cls.pd1 = PlotDetails.objects.create(details='almost finished', plot=cls.pl1)
        cls.sh1 = SecretHideout.objects.create(location='underground bunker', villain=cls.v1)
        cls.sh2 = SecretHideout.objects.create(location='floating castle', villain=cls.sv1)
        cls.ssh1 = SuperSecretHideout.objects.create(location='super floating castle!', supervillain=cls.sv1)
        cls.cy1 = CyclicOne.objects.create(name='I am recursive', two_id=1)
        cls.cy2 = CyclicTwo.objects.create(name='I am recursive too', one_id=1)

    def setUp(self):
        self.client.force_login(self.superuser)

    def test_nesting(self):
        """
        Objects should be nested to display the relationships that
        cause them to be scheduled for deletion.
        """
        pattern = re.compile(
            force_bytes(
                r'<li>Plot: <a href="%s">World Domination</a>\s*<ul>\s*'
                r'<li>Plot details: <a href="%s">almost finished</a>' % (
                    reverse('admin:admin_views_plot_change', args=(self.pl1.pk,)),
                    reverse('admin:admin_views_plotdetails_change', args=(self.pd1.pk,)),
                )
            )
        )
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_villain_delete', args=(self.v1.pk,)))
        six.assertRegex(self, response.content, pattern)

    def test_cyclic(self):
        """
        Cyclic relationships should still cause each object to only be
        listed once.
        """
        one = '<li>Cyclic one: <a href="%s">I am recursive</a>' % (
            reverse('admin:admin_views_cyclicone_change', args=(self.cy1.pk,)),
        )
        two = '<li>Cyclic two: <a href="%s">I am recursive too</a>' % (
            reverse('admin:admin_views_cyclictwo_change', args=(self.cy2.pk,)),
        )
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_cyclicone_delete', args=(self.cy1.pk,)))

        self.assertContains(response, one, 1)
        self.assertContains(response, two, 1)

    def test_perms_needed(self):
        self.client.logout()
        delete_user = User.objects.get(username='deleteuser')
        delete_user.user_permissions.add(get_perm(Plot, get_permission_codename('delete', Plot._meta)))

        self.client.force_login(self.deleteuser)
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_plot_delete', args=(self.pl1.pk,)))
        self.assertContains(response, "your account doesn't have permission to delete the following types of objects")
        self.assertContains(response, "<li>plot details</li>")

    def test_protected(self):
        q = Question.objects.create(question="Why?")
        a1 = Answer.objects.create(question=q, answer="Because.")
        a2 = Answer.objects.create(question=q, answer="Yes.")

        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_question_delete', args=(q.pk,)))
        self.assertContains(response, "would require deleting the following protected related objects")
        self.assertContains(
            response,
            '<li>Answer: <a href="%s">Because.</a></li>' % reverse('admin:admin_views_answer_change', args=(a1.pk,))
        )
        self.assertContains(
            response,
            '<li>Answer: <a href="%s">Yes.</a></li>' % reverse('admin:admin_views_answer_change', args=(a2.pk,))
        )

    def test_post_delete_protected(self):
        """
        A POST request to delete protected objects should display the page
        which says the deletion is prohibited.
        """
        q = Question.objects.create(question='Why?')
        Answer.objects.create(question=q, answer='Because.')

        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_question_delete', args=(q.pk,)), {'post': 'yes'})
        self.assertEqual(Question.objects.count(), 1)
        self.assertContains(response, "would require deleting the following protected related objects")

    def test_not_registered(self):
        should_contain = """<li>Secret hideout: underground bunker"""
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_villain_delete', args=(self.v1.pk,)))
        self.assertContains(response, should_contain, 1)

    def test_multiple_fkeys_to_same_model(self):
        """
        If a deleted object has two relationships from another model,
        both of those should be followed in looking for related
        objects to delete.
        """
        should_contain = '<li>Plot: <a href="%s">World Domination</a>' % reverse(
            'admin:admin_views_plot_change', args=(self.pl1.pk,)
        )
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_villain_delete', args=(self.v1.pk,)))
        self.assertContains(response, should_contain)
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_villain_delete', args=(self.v2.pk,)))
        self.assertContains(response, should_contain)

    def test_multiple_fkeys_to_same_instance(self):
        """
        If a deleted object has two relationships pointing to it from
        another object, the other object should still only be listed
        once.
        """
        should_contain = '<li>Plot: <a href="%s">World Peace</a></li>' % reverse(
            'admin:admin_views_plot_change', args=(self.pl2.pk,)
        )
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_villain_delete', args=(self.v2.pk,)))
        self.assertContains(response, should_contain, 1)

    def test_inheritance(self):
        """
        In the case of an inherited model, if either the child or
        parent-model instance is deleted, both instances are listed
        for deletion, as well as any relationships they have.
        """
        should_contain = [
            '<li>Villain: <a href="%s">Bob</a>' % reverse('admin:admin_views_villain_change', args=(self.sv1.pk,)),
            '<li>Super villain: <a href="%s">Bob</a>' % reverse(
                'admin:admin_views_supervillain_change', args=(self.sv1.pk,)
            ),
            '<li>Secret hideout: floating castle',
            '<li>Super secret hideout: super floating castle!',
        ]
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_villain_delete', args=(self.sv1.pk,)))
        for should in should_contain:
            self.assertContains(response, should, 1)
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_supervillain_delete', args=(self.sv1.pk,)))
        for should in should_contain:
            self.assertContains(response, should, 1)

    def test_generic_relations(self):
        """
        If a deleted object has GenericForeignKeys pointing to it,
        those objects should be listed for deletion.
        """
        plot = self.pl3
        tag = FunkyTag.objects.create(content_object=plot, name='hott')
        should_contain = '<li>Funky tag: <a href="%s">hott' % reverse(
            'admin:admin_views_funkytag_change', args=(tag.id,))
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_plot_delete', args=(plot.pk,)))
        self.assertContains(response, should_contain)

    def test_generic_relations_with_related_query_name(self):
        """
        If a deleted object has GenericForeignKey with
        GenericRelation(related_query_name='...') pointing to it, those objects
        should be listed for deletion.
        """
        bookmark = Bookmark.objects.create(name='djangoproject')
        tag = FunkyTag.objects.create(content_object=bookmark, name='django')
        tag_url = reverse('admin:admin_views_funkytag_change', args=(tag.id,))
        should_contain = '<li>Funky tag: <a href="%s">django' % tag_url
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_bookmark_delete', args=(bookmark.pk,)))
        self.assertContains(response, should_contain)


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='admin_views.urls')
class TestGenericRelations(TestCase):

    @classmethod
    def setUpTestData(cls):
        cls.superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username='super', password='secret', email='super@example.com')
        cls.v1 = Villain.objects.create(name='Adam')
        cls.pl3 = Plot.objects.create(name='Corn Conspiracy', team_leader=cls.v1, contact=cls.v1)

    def setUp(self):
        self.client.force_login(self.superuser)

    def test_generic_content_object_in_list_display(self):
        FunkyTag.objects.create(content_object=self.pl3, name='hott')
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_funkytag_changelist'))
        self.assertContains(response, "%s</td>" % self.pl3)


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='admin_views.urls')
class AdminViewStringPrimaryKeyTest(TestCase):

    @classmethod
    def setUpTestData(cls):
        cls.superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username='super', password='secret', email='super@example.com')
        cls.s1 = Section.objects.create(name='Test section')
        cls.a1 = Article.objects.create(
            content='<p>Middle content</p>', date=datetime.datetime(2008, 3, 18, 11, 54, 58), section=cls.s1
        )
        cls.a2 = Article.objects.create(
            content='<p>Oldest content</p>', date=datetime.datetime(2000, 3, 18, 11, 54, 58), section=cls.s1
        )
        cls.a3 = Article.objects.create(
            content='<p>Newest content</p>', date=datetime.datetime(2009, 3, 18, 11, 54, 58), section=cls.s1
        )
        cls.p1 = PrePopulatedPost.objects.create(title='A Long Title', published=True, slug='a-long-title')
        cls.pk = (
            "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ 1234567890 "
            """-_.!~*'() ;/?:@&=+$, <>#%" {}|\^[]`"""
        )
        cls.m1 = ModelWithStringPrimaryKey.objects.create(string_pk=cls.pk)
        content_type_pk = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(ModelWithStringPrimaryKey).pk
        user_pk = cls.superuser.pk
        LogEntry.objects.log_action(user_pk, content_type_pk, cls.pk, cls.pk, 2, change_message='Changed something')

    def setUp(self):
        self.client.force_login(self.superuser)

    def test_get_history_view(self):
        """
        Retrieving the history for an object using urlencoded form of primary
        key should work.
        Refs #12349, #18550.
        """
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_modelwithstringprimarykey_history', args=(self.pk,)))
        self.assertContains(response, escape(self.pk))
        self.assertContains(response, 'Changed something')
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

    def test_get_change_view(self):
        "Retrieving the object using urlencoded form of primary key should work"
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_modelwithstringprimarykey_change', args=(self.pk,)))
        self.assertContains(response, escape(self.pk))
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

    def test_changelist_to_changeform_link(self):
        "Link to the changeform of the object in changelist should use reverse() and be quoted -- #18072"
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_modelwithstringprimarykey_changelist'))
        # this URL now comes through reverse(), thus url quoting and iri_to_uri encoding
        pk_final_url = escape(iri_to_uri(quote(self.pk)))
        change_url = reverse(
            'admin:admin_views_modelwithstringprimarykey_change', args=('__fk__',)
        ).replace('__fk__', pk_final_url)
        should_contain = '<th class="field-__str__"><a href="%s">%s</a></th>' % (change_url, escape(self.pk))
        self.assertContains(response, should_contain)

    def test_recentactions_link(self):
        "The link from the recent actions list referring to the changeform of the object should be quoted"
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:index'))
        link = reverse('admin:admin_views_modelwithstringprimarykey_change', args=(quote(self.pk),))
        should_contain = """<a href="%s">%s</a>""" % (escape(link), escape(self.pk))
        self.assertContains(response, should_contain)

    def test_deleteconfirmation_link(self):
        "The link from the delete confirmation page referring back to the changeform of the object should be quoted"
        url = reverse('admin:admin_views_modelwithstringprimarykey_delete', args=(quote(self.pk),))
        response = self.client.get(url)
        # this URL now comes through reverse(), thus url quoting and iri_to_uri encoding
        change_url = reverse(
            'admin:admin_views_modelwithstringprimarykey_change', args=('__fk__',)
        ).replace('__fk__', escape(iri_to_uri(quote(self.pk))))
        should_contain = '<a href="%s">%s</a>' % (change_url, escape(self.pk))
        self.assertContains(response, should_contain)

    def test_url_conflicts_with_add(self):
        "A model with a primary key that ends with add or is `add` should be visible"
        add_model = ModelWithStringPrimaryKey.objects.create(pk="i have something to add")
        add_model.save()
        response = self.client.get(
            reverse('admin:admin_views_modelwithstringprimarykey_change', args=(quote(add_model.pk),))
        )
        should_contain = """<h1>Change model with string primary key</h1>"""
        self.assertContains(response, should_contain)

        add_model2 = ModelWithStringPrimaryKey.objects.create(pk="add")
        add_url = reverse('admin:admin_views_modelwithstringprimarykey_add')
        change_url = reverse('admin:admin_views_modelwithstringprimarykey_change', args=(quote(add_model2.pk),))
        self.assertNotEqual(add_url, change_url)

    def test_url_conflicts_with_delete(self):
        "A model with a primary key that ends with delete should be visible"
        delete_model = ModelWithStringPrimaryKey(pk="delete")
        delete_model.save()
        response = self.client.get(
            reverse('admin:admin_views_modelwithstringprimarykey_change', args=(quote(delete_model.pk),))
        )
        should_contain = """<h1>Change model with string primary key</h1>"""
        self.assertContains(response, should_contain)

    def test_url_conflicts_with_history(self):
        "A model with a primary key that ends with history should be visible"
        history_model = ModelWithStringPrimaryKey(pk="history")
        history_model.save()
        response = self.client.get(
            reverse('admin:admin_views_modelwithstringprimarykey_change', args=(quote(history_model.pk),))
        )
        should_contain = """<h1>Change model with string primary key</h1>"""
        self.assertContains(response, should_contain)

    def test_shortcut_view_with_escaping(self):
        "'View on site should' work properly with char fields"
        model = ModelWithStringPrimaryKey(pk='abc_123')
        model.save()
        response = self.client.get(
            reverse('admin:admin_views_modelwithstringprimarykey_change', args=(quote(model.pk),))
        )
        should_contain = '/%s/" class="viewsitelink">' % model.pk
        self.assertContains(response, should_contain)

    def test_change_view_history_link(self):
        """Object history button link should work and contain the pk value quoted."""
        url = reverse(
            'admin:%s_modelwithstringprimarykey_change' % ModelWithStringPrimaryKey._meta.app_label,
            args=(quote(self.pk),)
        )
        response = self.client.get(url)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        expected_link = reverse(
            'admin:%s_modelwithstringprimarykey_history' % ModelWithStringPrimaryKey._meta.app_label,
            args=(quote(self.pk),)
        )
        self.assertContains(response, '<a href="%s" class="historylink"' % escape(expected_link))

    def test_redirect_on_add_view_continue_button(self):
        """As soon as an object is added using "Save and continue editing"
        button, the user should be redirected to the object's change_view.

        In case primary key is a string containing some special characters
        like slash or underscore, these characters must be escaped (see #22266)
        """
        response = self.client.post(
            reverse('admin:admin_views_modelwithstringprimarykey_add'),
            {
                'string_pk': '123/history',
                "_continue": "1",  # Save and continue editing
            }
        )

        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)  # temporary redirect
        self.assertIn('/123_2Fhistory/', response['location'])  # PK is quoted


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='admin_views.urls')
class SecureViewTests(TestCase):
    """
    Test behavior of a view protected by the staff_member_required decorator.
    """

    def test_secure_view_shows_login_if_not_logged_in(self):
        """
        Ensure that we see the admin login form.
        """
        secure_url = reverse('secure_view')
        response = self.client.get(secure_url)
        self.assertRedirects(response, '%s?next=%s' % (reverse('admin:login'), secure_url))
        response = self.client.get(secure_url, follow=True)
        self.assertTemplateUsed(response, 'admin/login.html')
        self.assertEqual(response.context[REDIRECT_FIELD_NAME], secure_url)

    def test_staff_member_required_decorator_works_with_argument(self):
        """
        Ensure that staff_member_required decorator works with an argument
        (redirect_field_name).
        """
        secure_url = '/test_admin/admin/secure-view2/'
        response = self.client.get(secure_url)
        self.assertRedirects(response, '%s?myfield=%s' % (reverse('admin:login'), secure_url))


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='admin_views.urls')
class AdminViewUnicodeTest(TestCase):

    @classmethod
    def setUpTestData(cls):
        cls.superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username='super', password='secret', email='super@example.com')
        cls.b1 = Book.objects.create(name='Lærdommer')
        cls.p1 = Promo.objects.create(name='<Promo for Lærdommer>', book=cls.b1)
        cls.chap1 = Chapter.objects.create(
            title='Norske bostaver æøå skaper problemer', content='<p>Svært frustrerende med UnicodeDecodeErro</p>',
            book=cls.b1
        )
        cls.chap2 = Chapter.objects.create(
            title='Kjærlighet', content='<p>La kjærligheten til de lidende seire.</p>', book=cls.b1)
        cls.chap3 = Chapter.objects.create(title='Kjærlighet', content='<p>Noe innhold</p>', book=cls.b1)
        cls.chap4 = ChapterXtra1.objects.create(chap=cls.chap1, xtra='<Xtra(1) Norske bostaver æøå skaper problemer>')
        cls.chap5 = ChapterXtra1.objects.create(chap=cls.chap2, xtra='<Xtra(1) Kjærlighet>')
        cls.chap6 = ChapterXtra1.objects.create(chap=cls.chap3, xtra='<Xtra(1) Kjærlighet>')
        cls.chap7 = ChapterXtra2.objects.create(chap=cls.chap1, xtra='<Xtra(2) Norske bostaver æøå skaper problemer>')
        cls.chap8 = ChapterXtra2.objects.create(chap=cls.chap2, xtra='<Xtra(2) Kjærlighet>')
        cls.chap9 = ChapterXtra2.objects.create(chap=cls.chap3, xtra='<Xtra(2) Kjærlighet>')

    def setUp(self):
        self.client.force_login(self.superuser)

    def test_unicode_edit(self):
        """
        A test to ensure that POST on edit_view handles non-ASCII characters.
        """
        post_data = {
            "name": "Test lærdommer",
            # inline data
            "chapter_set-TOTAL_FORMS": "6",
            "chapter_set-INITIAL_FORMS": "3",
            "chapter_set-MAX_NUM_FORMS": "0",
            "chapter_set-0-id": self.chap1.pk,
            "chapter_set-0-title": "Norske bostaver æøå skaper problemer",
            "chapter_set-0-content": "&lt;p&gt;Svært frustrerende med UnicodeDecodeError&lt;/p&gt;",
            "chapter_set-1-id": self.chap2.id,
            "chapter_set-1-title": "Kjærlighet.",
            "chapter_set-1-content": "&lt;p&gt;La kjærligheten til de lidende seire.&lt;/p&gt;",
            "chapter_set-2-id": self.chap3.id,
            "chapter_set-2-title": "Need a title.",
            "chapter_set-2-content": "&lt;p&gt;Newest content&lt;/p&gt;",
            "chapter_set-3-id": "",
            "chapter_set-3-title": "",
            "chapter_set-3-content": "",
            "chapter_set-4-id": "",
            "chapter_set-4-title": "",
            "chapter_set-4-content": "",
            "chapter_set-5-id": "",
            "chapter_set-5-title": "",
            "chapter_set-5-content": "",
        }

        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_book_change', args=(self.b1.pk,)), post_data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)  # redirect somewhere

    def test_unicode_delete(self):
        """
        Ensure that the delete_view handles non-ASCII characters
        """
        delete_dict = {'post': 'yes'}
        delete_url = reverse('admin:admin_views_book_delete', args=(self.b1.pk,))
        response = self.client.get(delete_url)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        response = self.client.post(delete_url, delete_dict)
        self.assertRedirects(response, reverse('admin:admin_views_book_changelist'))


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='admin_views.urls')
class AdminViewListEditable(TestCase):

    @classmethod
    def setUpTestData(cls):
        cls.superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username='super', password='secret', email='super@example.com')
        cls.s1 = Section.objects.create(name='Test section')
        cls.a1 = Article.objects.create(
            content='<p>Middle content</p>', date=datetime.datetime(2008, 3, 18, 11, 54, 58), section=cls.s1
        )
        cls.a2 = Article.objects.create(
            content='<p>Oldest content</p>', date=datetime.datetime(2000, 3, 18, 11, 54, 58), section=cls.s1
        )
        cls.a3 = Article.objects.create(
            content='<p>Newest content</p>', date=datetime.datetime(2009, 3, 18, 11, 54, 58), section=cls.s1
        )
        cls.p1 = PrePopulatedPost.objects.create(title='A Long Title', published=True, slug='a-long-title')
        cls.per1 = Person.objects.create(name='John Mauchly', gender=1, alive=True)
        cls.per2 = Person.objects.create(name='Grace Hopper', gender=1, alive=False)
        cls.per3 = Person.objects.create(name='Guido van Rossum', gender=1, alive=True)

    def setUp(self):
        self.client.force_login(self.superuser)

    def test_inheritance(self):
        Podcast.objects.create(name="This Week in Django", release_date=datetime.date.today())
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_podcast_changelist'))
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

    def test_inheritance_2(self):
        Vodcast.objects.create(name="This Week in Django", released=True)
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_vodcast_changelist'))
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

    def test_custom_pk(self):
        Language.objects.create(iso='en', name='English', english_name='English')
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_language_changelist'))
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

    def test_changelist_input_html(self):
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_person_changelist'))
        # 2 inputs per object(the field and the hidden id field) = 6
        # 4 management hidden fields = 4
        # 4 action inputs (3 regular checkboxes, 1 checkbox to select all)
        # main form submit button = 1
        # search field and search submit button = 2
        # CSRF field = 1
        # field to track 'select all' across paginated views = 1
        # 6 + 4 + 4 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 1 = 19 inputs
        self.assertContains(response, "<input", count=19)
        # 1 select per object = 3 selects
        self.assertContains(response, "<select", count=4)

    def test_post_messages(self):
        # Ticket 12707: Saving inline editable should not show admin
        # action warnings
        data = {
            "form-TOTAL_FORMS": "3",
            "form-INITIAL_FORMS": "3",
            "form-MAX_NUM_FORMS": "0",

            "form-0-gender": "1",
            "form-0-id": "%s" % self.per1.pk,

            "form-1-gender": "2",
            "form-1-id": "%s" % self.per2.pk,

            "form-2-alive": "checked",
            "form-2-gender": "1",
            "form-2-id": "%s" % self.per3.pk,

            "_save": "Save",
        }
        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_person_changelist'),
                                    data, follow=True)
        self.assertEqual(len(response.context['messages']), 1)

    def test_post_submission(self):
        data = {
            "form-TOTAL_FORMS": "3",
            "form-INITIAL_FORMS": "3",
            "form-MAX_NUM_FORMS": "0",

            "form-0-gender": "1",
            "form-0-id": "%s" % self.per1.pk,

            "form-1-gender": "2",
            "form-1-id": "%s" % self.per2.pk,

            "form-2-alive": "checked",
            "form-2-gender": "1",
            "form-2-id": "%s" % self.per3.pk,

            "_save": "Save",
        }
        self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_person_changelist'), data)

        self.assertEqual(Person.objects.get(name="John Mauchly").alive, False)
        self.assertEqual(Person.objects.get(name="Grace Hopper").gender, 2)

        # test a filtered page
        data = {
            "form-TOTAL_FORMS": "2",
            "form-INITIAL_FORMS": "2",
            "form-MAX_NUM_FORMS": "0",

            "form-0-id": "%s" % self.per1.pk,
            "form-0-gender": "1",
            "form-0-alive": "checked",

            "form-1-id": "%s" % self.per3.pk,
            "form-1-gender": "1",
            "form-1-alive": "checked",

            "_save": "Save",
        }
        self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_person_changelist') + '?gender__exact=1', data)

        self.assertEqual(Person.objects.get(name="John Mauchly").alive, True)

        # test a searched page
        data = {
            "form-TOTAL_FORMS": "1",
            "form-INITIAL_FORMS": "1",
            "form-MAX_NUM_FORMS": "0",

            "form-0-id": "%s" % self.per1.pk,
            "form-0-gender": "1",

            "_save": "Save",
        }
        self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_person_changelist') + '?q=john', data)

        self.assertEqual(Person.objects.get(name="John Mauchly").alive, False)

    def test_non_field_errors(self):
        ''' Ensure that non field errors are displayed for each of the
            forms in the changelist's formset. Refs #13126.
        '''
        fd1 = FoodDelivery.objects.create(reference='123', driver='bill', restaurant='thai')
        fd2 = FoodDelivery.objects.create(reference='456', driver='bill', restaurant='india')
        fd3 = FoodDelivery.objects.create(reference='789', driver='bill', restaurant='pizza')

        data = {
            "form-TOTAL_FORMS": "3",
            "form-INITIAL_FORMS": "3",
            "form-MAX_NUM_FORMS": "0",

            "form-0-id": str(fd1.id),
            "form-0-reference": "123",
            "form-0-driver": "bill",
            "form-0-restaurant": "thai",

            # Same data as above: Forbidden because of unique_together!
            "form-1-id": str(fd2.id),
            "form-1-reference": "456",
            "form-1-driver": "bill",
            "form-1-restaurant": "thai",

            "form-2-id": str(fd3.id),
            "form-2-reference": "789",
            "form-2-driver": "bill",
            "form-2-restaurant": "pizza",

            "_save": "Save",
        }
        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_fooddelivery_changelist'), data)
        self.assertContains(
            response,
            '<tr><td colspan="4"><ul class="errorlist nonfield"><li>Food delivery '
            'with this Driver and Restaurant already exists.</li></ul></td></tr>',
            1,
            html=True
        )

        data = {
            "form-TOTAL_FORMS": "3",
            "form-INITIAL_FORMS": "3",
            "form-MAX_NUM_FORMS": "0",

            "form-0-id": str(fd1.id),
            "form-0-reference": "123",
            "form-0-driver": "bill",
            "form-0-restaurant": "thai",

            # Same data as above: Forbidden because of unique_together!
            "form-1-id": str(fd2.id),
            "form-1-reference": "456",
            "form-1-driver": "bill",
            "form-1-restaurant": "thai",

            # Same data also.
            "form-2-id": str(fd3.id),
            "form-2-reference": "789",
            "form-2-driver": "bill",
            "form-2-restaurant": "thai",

            "_save": "Save",
        }
        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_fooddelivery_changelist'), data)
        self.assertContains(
            response,
            '<tr><td colspan="4"><ul class="errorlist nonfield"><li>Food delivery '
            'with this Driver and Restaurant already exists.</li></ul></td></tr>',
            2,
            html=True
        )

    def test_non_form_errors(self):
        # test if non-form errors are handled; ticket #12716
        data = {
            "form-TOTAL_FORMS": "1",
            "form-INITIAL_FORMS": "1",
            "form-MAX_NUM_FORMS": "0",

            "form-0-id": "%s" % self.per2.pk,
            "form-0-alive": "1",
            "form-0-gender": "2",

            # Ensure that the form processing understands this as a list_editable "Save"
            # and not an action "Go".
            "_save": "Save",
        }
        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_person_changelist'), data)
        self.assertContains(response, "Grace is not a Zombie")

    def test_non_form_errors_is_errorlist(self):
        # test if non-form errors are correctly handled; ticket #12878
        data = {
            "form-TOTAL_FORMS": "1",
            "form-INITIAL_FORMS": "1",
            "form-MAX_NUM_FORMS": "0",

            "form-0-id": "%s" % self.per2.pk,
            "form-0-alive": "1",
            "form-0-gender": "2",

            "_save": "Save",
        }
        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_person_changelist'), data)
        non_form_errors = response.context['cl'].formset.non_form_errors()
        self.assertIsInstance(non_form_errors, ErrorList)
        self.assertEqual(str(non_form_errors), str(ErrorList(["Grace is not a Zombie"])))

    def test_list_editable_ordering(self):
        collector = Collector.objects.create(id=1, name="Frederick Clegg")

        Category.objects.create(id=1, order=1, collector=collector)
        Category.objects.create(id=2, order=2, collector=collector)
        Category.objects.create(id=3, order=0, collector=collector)
        Category.objects.create(id=4, order=0, collector=collector)

        # NB: The order values must be changed so that the items are reordered.
        data = {
            "form-TOTAL_FORMS": "4",
            "form-INITIAL_FORMS": "4",
            "form-MAX_NUM_FORMS": "0",

            "form-0-order": "14",
            "form-0-id": "1",
            "form-0-collector": "1",

            "form-1-order": "13",
            "form-1-id": "2",
            "form-1-collector": "1",

            "form-2-order": "1",
            "form-2-id": "3",
            "form-2-collector": "1",

            "form-3-order": "0",
            "form-3-id": "4",
            "form-3-collector": "1",

            # Ensure that the form processing understands this as a list_editable "Save"
            # and not an action "Go".
            "_save": "Save",
        }
        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_category_changelist'), data)
        # Successful post will redirect
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)

        # Check that the order values have been applied to the right objects
        self.assertEqual(Category.objects.get(id=1).order, 14)
        self.assertEqual(Category.objects.get(id=2).order, 13)
        self.assertEqual(Category.objects.get(id=3).order, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Category.objects.get(id=4).order, 0)

    def test_list_editable_pagination(self):
        """
        Ensure that pagination works for list_editable items.
        Refs #16819.
        """
        UnorderedObject.objects.create(id=1, name='Unordered object #1')
        UnorderedObject.objects.create(id=2, name='Unordered object #2')
        UnorderedObject.objects.create(id=3, name='Unordered object #3')
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_unorderedobject_changelist'))
        self.assertContains(response, 'Unordered object #3')
        self.assertContains(response, 'Unordered object #2')
        self.assertNotContains(response, 'Unordered object #1')
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_unorderedobject_changelist') + '?p=1')
        self.assertNotContains(response, 'Unordered object #3')
        self.assertNotContains(response, 'Unordered object #2')
        self.assertContains(response, 'Unordered object #1')

    def test_list_editable_action_submit(self):
        # List editable changes should not be executed if the action "Go" button is
        # used to submit the form.
        data = {
            "form-TOTAL_FORMS": "3",
            "form-INITIAL_FORMS": "3",
            "form-MAX_NUM_FORMS": "0",

            "form-0-gender": "1",
            "form-0-id": "1",

            "form-1-gender": "2",
            "form-1-id": "2",

            "form-2-alive": "checked",
            "form-2-gender": "1",
            "form-2-id": "3",

            "index": "0",
            "_selected_action": ['3'],
            "action": ['', 'delete_selected'],
        }
        self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_person_changelist'), data)

        self.assertEqual(Person.objects.get(name="John Mauchly").alive, True)
        self.assertEqual(Person.objects.get(name="Grace Hopper").gender, 1)

    def test_list_editable_action_choices(self):
        # List editable changes should be executed if the "Save" button is
        # used to submit the form - any action choices should be ignored.
        data = {
            "form-TOTAL_FORMS": "3",
            "form-INITIAL_FORMS": "3",
            "form-MAX_NUM_FORMS": "0",

            "form-0-gender": "1",
            "form-0-id": "%s" % self.per1.pk,

            "form-1-gender": "2",
            "form-1-id": "%s" % self.per2.pk,

            "form-2-alive": "checked",
            "form-2-gender": "1",
            "form-2-id": "%s" % self.per3.pk,

            "_save": "Save",
            "_selected_action": ['1'],
            "action": ['', 'delete_selected'],
        }
        self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_person_changelist'), data)

        self.assertEqual(Person.objects.get(name="John Mauchly").alive, False)
        self.assertEqual(Person.objects.get(name="Grace Hopper").gender, 2)

    def test_list_editable_popup(self):
        """
        Fields should not be list-editable in popups.
        """
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_person_changelist'))
        self.assertNotEqual(response.context['cl'].list_editable, ())
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_person_changelist') + '?%s' % IS_POPUP_VAR)
        self.assertEqual(response.context['cl'].list_editable, ())

    def test_pk_hidden_fields(self):
        """ Ensure that hidden pk fields aren't displayed in the table body and
            that their corresponding human-readable value is displayed instead.
            Note that the hidden pk fields are in fact be displayed but
            separately (not in the table), and only once.
            Refs #12475.
        """
        story1 = Story.objects.create(title='The adventures of Guido', content='Once upon a time in Djangoland...')
        story2 = Story.objects.create(
            title='Crouching Tiger, Hidden Python',
            content='The Python was sneaking into...',
        )
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_story_changelist'))
        # Only one hidden field, in a separate place than the table.
        self.assertContains(response, 'id="id_form-0-id"', 1)
        self.assertContains(response, 'id="id_form-1-id"', 1)
        self.assertContains(
            response,
            '<div class="hiddenfields">\n'
            '<input type="hidden" name="form-0-id" value="%d" id="id_form-0-id" />'
            '<input type="hidden" name="form-1-id" value="%d" id="id_form-1-id" />\n</div>'
            % (story2.id, story1.id),
            html=True
        )
        self.assertContains(response, '<td class="field-id">%d</td>' % story1.id, 1)
        self.assertContains(response, '<td class="field-id">%d</td>' % story2.id, 1)

    def test_pk_hidden_fields_with_list_display_links(self):
        """ Similarly as test_pk_hidden_fields, but when the hidden pk fields are
            referenced in list_display_links.
            Refs #12475.
        """
        story1 = OtherStory.objects.create(
            title='The adventures of Guido',
            content='Once upon a time in Djangoland...',
        )
        story2 = OtherStory.objects.create(
            title='Crouching Tiger, Hidden Python',
            content='The Python was sneaking into...',
        )
        link1 = reverse('admin:admin_views_otherstory_change', args=(story1.pk,))
        link2 = reverse('admin:admin_views_otherstory_change', args=(story2.pk,))
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_otherstory_changelist'))
        # Only one hidden field, in a separate place than the table.
        self.assertContains(response, 'id="id_form-0-id"', 1)
        self.assertContains(response, 'id="id_form-1-id"', 1)
        self.assertContains(
            response,
            '<div class="hiddenfields">\n'
            '<input type="hidden" name="form-0-id" value="%d" id="id_form-0-id" />'
            '<input type="hidden" name="form-1-id" value="%d" id="id_form-1-id" />\n</div>'
            % (story2.id, story1.id),
            html=True
        )
        self.assertContains(response, '<th class="field-id"><a href="%s">%d</a></th>' % (link1, story1.id), 1)
        self.assertContains(response, '<th class="field-id"><a href="%s">%d</a></th>' % (link2, story2.id), 1)


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='admin_views.urls')
class AdminSearchTest(TestCase):

    @classmethod
    def setUpTestData(cls):
        cls.superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username='super', password='secret', email='super@example.com')
        cls.joepublicuser = User.objects.create_user(username='joepublic', password='secret')
        cls.s1 = Section.objects.create(name='Test section')
        cls.a1 = Article.objects.create(
            content='<p>Middle content</p>', date=datetime.datetime(2008, 3, 18, 11, 54, 58), section=cls.s1
        )
        cls.a2 = Article.objects.create(
            content='<p>Oldest content</p>', date=datetime.datetime(2000, 3, 18, 11, 54, 58), section=cls.s1
        )
        cls.a3 = Article.objects.create(
            content='<p>Newest content</p>', date=datetime.datetime(2009, 3, 18, 11, 54, 58), section=cls.s1
        )
        cls.p1 = PrePopulatedPost.objects.create(title='A Long Title', published=True, slug='a-long-title')

        cls.per1 = Person.objects.create(name='John Mauchly', gender=1, alive=True)
        cls.per2 = Person.objects.create(name='Grace Hopper', gender=1, alive=False)
        cls.per3 = Person.objects.create(name='Guido van Rossum', gender=1, alive=True)

        cls.t1 = Recommender.objects.create()
        cls.t2 = Recommendation.objects.create(recommender=cls.t1)
        cls.t3 = Recommender.objects.create()
        cls.t4 = Recommendation.objects.create(recommender=cls.t3)

        cls.tt1 = TitleTranslation.objects.create(title=cls.t1, text='Bar')
        cls.tt2 = TitleTranslation.objects.create(title=cls.t2, text='Foo')
        cls.tt3 = TitleTranslation.objects.create(title=cls.t3, text='Few')
        cls.tt4 = TitleTranslation.objects.create(title=cls.t4, text='Bas')

    def setUp(self):
        self.client.force_login(self.superuser)

    def test_search_on_sibling_models(self):
        "Check that a search that mentions sibling models"
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_recommendation_changelist') + '?q=bar')
        # confirm the search returned 1 object
        self.assertContains(response, "\n1 recommendation\n")

    def test_with_fk_to_field(self):
        """
        Ensure that the to_field GET parameter is preserved when a search
        is performed. Refs #10918.
        """
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:auth_user_changelist') + '?q=joe&%s=id' % TO_FIELD_VAR)
        self.assertContains(response, "\n1 user\n")
        self.assertContains(response, '<input type="hidden" name="%s" value="id"/>' % TO_FIELD_VAR, html=True)

    def test_exact_matches(self):
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_recommendation_changelist') + '?q=bar')
        # confirm the search returned one object
        self.assertContains(response, "\n1 recommendation\n")

        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_recommendation_changelist') + '?q=ba')
        # confirm the search returned zero objects
        self.assertContains(response, "\n0 recommendations\n")

    def test_beginning_matches(self):
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_person_changelist') + '?q=Gui')
        # confirm the search returned one object
        self.assertContains(response, "\n1 person\n")
        self.assertContains(response, "Guido")

        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_person_changelist') + '?q=uido')
        # confirm the search returned zero objects
        self.assertContains(response, "\n0 persons\n")
        self.assertNotContains(response, "Guido")

    def test_pluggable_search(self):
        PluggableSearchPerson.objects.create(name="Bob", age=10)
        PluggableSearchPerson.objects.create(name="Amy", age=20)

        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_pluggablesearchperson_changelist') + '?q=Bob')
        # confirm the search returned one object
        self.assertContains(response, "\n1 pluggable search person\n")
        self.assertContains(response, "Bob")

        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_pluggablesearchperson_changelist') + '?q=20')
        # confirm the search returned one object
        self.assertContains(response, "\n1 pluggable search person\n")
        self.assertContains(response, "Amy")

    def test_reset_link(self):
        """
        Test presence of reset link in search bar ("1 result (_x total_)").
        """
        #   1 query for session + 1 for fetching user
        # + 1 for filtered result + 1 for filtered count
        # + 1 for total count
        with self.assertNumQueries(5):
            response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_person_changelist') + '?q=Gui')
        self.assertContains(
            response,
            """<span class="small quiet">1 result (<a href="?">3 total</a>)</span>""",
            html=True
        )

    def test_no_total_count(self):
        """
        #8408 -- "Show all" should be displayed instead of the total count if
        ModelAdmin.show_full_result_count is False.
        """
        #   1 query for session + 1 for fetching user
        # + 1 for filtered result + 1 for filtered count
        with self.assertNumQueries(4):
            response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_recommendation_changelist') + '?q=bar')
        self.assertContains(
            response,
            """<span class="small quiet">1 result (<a href="?">Show all</a>)</span>""",
            html=True
        )
        self.assertTrue(response.context['cl'].show_admin_actions)


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='admin_views.urls')
class AdminInheritedInlinesTest(TestCase):

    @classmethod
    def setUpTestData(cls):
        cls.superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username='super', password='secret', email='super@example.com')

    def setUp(self):
        self.client.force_login(self.superuser)

    def test_inline(self):
        "Ensure that inline models which inherit from a common parent are correctly handled by admin."
        foo_user = "foo username"
        bar_user = "bar username"

        name_re = re.compile(b'name="(.*?)"')

        # test the add case
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_persona_add'))
        names = name_re.findall(response.content)
        # make sure we have no duplicate HTML names
        self.assertEqual(len(names), len(set(names)))

        # test the add case
        post_data = {
            "name": "Test Name",
            # inline data
            "accounts-TOTAL_FORMS": "1",
            "accounts-INITIAL_FORMS": "0",
            "accounts-MAX_NUM_FORMS": "0",
            "accounts-0-username": foo_user,
            "accounts-2-TOTAL_FORMS": "1",
            "accounts-2-INITIAL_FORMS": "0",
            "accounts-2-MAX_NUM_FORMS": "0",
            "accounts-2-0-username": bar_user,
        }

        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_persona_add'), post_data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)  # redirect somewhere
        self.assertEqual(Persona.objects.count(), 1)
        self.assertEqual(FooAccount.objects.count(), 1)
        self.assertEqual(BarAccount.objects.count(), 1)
        self.assertEqual(FooAccount.objects.all()[0].username, foo_user)
        self.assertEqual(BarAccount.objects.all()[0].username, bar_user)
        self.assertEqual(Persona.objects.all()[0].accounts.count(), 2)

        persona_id = Persona.objects.all()[0].id
        foo_id = FooAccount.objects.all()[0].id
        bar_id = BarAccount.objects.all()[0].id

        # test the edit case

        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_persona_change', args=(persona_id,)))
        names = name_re.findall(response.content)
        # make sure we have no duplicate HTML names
        self.assertEqual(len(names), len(set(names)))

        post_data = {
            "name": "Test Name",

            "accounts-TOTAL_FORMS": "2",
            "accounts-INITIAL_FORMS": "1",
            "accounts-MAX_NUM_FORMS": "0",

            "accounts-0-username": "%s-1" % foo_user,
            "accounts-0-account_ptr": str(foo_id),
            "accounts-0-persona": str(persona_id),

            "accounts-2-TOTAL_FORMS": "2",
            "accounts-2-INITIAL_FORMS": "1",
            "accounts-2-MAX_NUM_FORMS": "0",

            "accounts-2-0-username": "%s-1" % bar_user,
            "accounts-2-0-account_ptr": str(bar_id),
            "accounts-2-0-persona": str(persona_id),
        }
        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_persona_change', args=(persona_id,)), post_data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
        self.assertEqual(Persona.objects.count(), 1)
        self.assertEqual(FooAccount.objects.count(), 1)
        self.assertEqual(BarAccount.objects.count(), 1)
        self.assertEqual(FooAccount.objects.all()[0].username, "%s-1" % foo_user)
        self.assertEqual(BarAccount.objects.all()[0].username, "%s-1" % bar_user)
        self.assertEqual(Persona.objects.all()[0].accounts.count(), 2)


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='admin_views.urls')
class AdminActionsTest(TestCase):

    @classmethod
    def setUpTestData(cls):
        cls.superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username='super', password='secret', email='super@example.com')
        cls.s1 = ExternalSubscriber.objects.create(name='John Doe', email='john@example.org')
        cls.s2 = Subscriber.objects.create(name='Max Mustermann', email='max@example.org')

    def setUp(self):
        self.client.force_login(self.superuser)

    def test_model_admin_custom_action(self):
        "Tests a custom action defined in a ModelAdmin method"
        action_data = {
            ACTION_CHECKBOX_NAME: [1],
            'action': 'mail_admin',
            'index': 0,
        }
        self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_subscriber_changelist'), action_data)
        self.assertEqual(len(mail.outbox), 1)
        self.assertEqual(mail.outbox[0].subject, 'Greetings from a ModelAdmin action')

    def test_model_admin_default_delete_action(self):
        "Tests the default delete action defined as a ModelAdmin method"
        action_data = {
            ACTION_CHECKBOX_NAME: [1, 2],
            'action': 'delete_selected',
            'index': 0,
        }
        delete_confirmation_data = {
            ACTION_CHECKBOX_NAME: [1, 2],
            'action': 'delete_selected',
            'post': 'yes',
        }
        confirmation = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_subscriber_changelist'), action_data)
        self.assertIsInstance(confirmation, TemplateResponse)
        self.assertContains(confirmation, "Are you sure you want to delete the selected subscribers?")
        self.assertContains(confirmation, "<h2>Summary</h2>")
        self.assertContains(confirmation, "<li>Subscribers: 2</li>")
        self.assertContains(confirmation, "<li>External subscribers: 1</li>")
        self.assertContains(confirmation, ACTION_CHECKBOX_NAME, count=2)
        self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_subscriber_changelist'), delete_confirmation_data)
        self.assertEqual(Subscriber.objects.count(), 0)

    @override_settings(USE_THOUSAND_SEPARATOR=True, USE_L10N=True)
    def test_non_localized_pk(self):
        """If USE_THOUSAND_SEPARATOR is set, make sure that the ids for
        the objects selected for deletion are rendered without separators.
        Refs #14895.
        """
        subscriber = Subscriber.objects.get(id=1)
        subscriber.id = 9999
        subscriber.save()
        action_data = {
            ACTION_CHECKBOX_NAME: [9999, 2],
            'action': 'delete_selected',
            'index': 0,
        }
        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_subscriber_changelist'), action_data)
        self.assertTemplateUsed(response, 'admin/delete_selected_confirmation.html')
        self.assertContains(response, 'value="9999"')  # Instead of 9,999
        self.assertContains(response, 'value="2"')

    def test_model_admin_default_delete_action_protected(self):
        """
        Tests the default delete action defined as a ModelAdmin method in the
        case where some related objects are protected from deletion.
        """
        q1 = Question.objects.create(question="Why?")
        a1 = Answer.objects.create(question=q1, answer="Because.")
        a2 = Answer.objects.create(question=q1, answer="Yes.")
        q2 = Question.objects.create(question="Wherefore?")

        action_data = {
            ACTION_CHECKBOX_NAME: [q1.pk, q2.pk],
            'action': 'delete_selected',
            'index': 0,
        }
        delete_confirmation_data = action_data.copy()
        delete_confirmation_data['post'] = 'yes'

        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_question_changelist'), action_data)

        self.assertContains(response, "would require deleting the following protected related objects")
        self.assertContains(
            response,
            '<li>Answer: <a href="%s">Because.</a></li>' % reverse('admin:admin_views_answer_change', args=(a1.pk,)),
            html=True
        )
        self.assertContains(
            response,
            '<li>Answer: <a href="%s">Yes.</a></li>' % reverse('admin:admin_views_answer_change', args=(a2.pk,)),
            html=True
        )

        # A POST request to delete protected objects should display the page
        # which says the deletion is prohibited.
        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_question_changelist'), delete_confirmation_data)
        self.assertContains(response, "would require deleting the following protected related objects")
        self.assertEqual(Question.objects.count(), 2)

    def test_model_admin_default_delete_action_no_change_url(self):
        """
        Default delete action shouldn't break if a user's ModelAdmin removes the url for change_view.

        Regression test for #20640
        """
        obj = UnchangeableObject.objects.create()
        action_data = {
            ACTION_CHECKBOX_NAME: obj.pk,
            "action": "delete_selected",
            "index": "0",
        }
        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_unchangeableobject_changelist'), action_data)
        # No 500 caused by NoReverseMatch
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        # The page shouldn't display a link to the nonexistent change page
        self.assertContains(response, "<li>Unchangeable object: UnchangeableObject object</li>", 1, html=True)

    def test_custom_function_mail_action(self):
        "Tests a custom action defined in a function"
        action_data = {
            ACTION_CHECKBOX_NAME: [1],
            'action': 'external_mail',
            'index': 0,
        }
        self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_externalsubscriber_changelist'), action_data)
        self.assertEqual(len(mail.outbox), 1)
        self.assertEqual(mail.outbox[0].subject, 'Greetings from a function action')

    def test_custom_function_action_with_redirect(self):
        "Tests a custom action defined in a function"
        action_data = {
            ACTION_CHECKBOX_NAME: [1],
            'action': 'redirect_to',
            'index': 0,
        }
        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_externalsubscriber_changelist'), action_data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)

    def test_default_redirect(self):
        """
        Test that actions which don't return an HttpResponse are redirected to
        the same page, retaining the querystring (which may contain changelist
        information).
        """
        action_data = {
            ACTION_CHECKBOX_NAME: [1],
            'action': 'external_mail',
            'index': 0,
        }
        url = reverse('admin:admin_views_externalsubscriber_changelist') + '?o=1'
        response = self.client.post(url, action_data)
        self.assertRedirects(response, url)

    def test_custom_function_action_streaming_response(self):
        """Tests a custom action that returns a StreamingHttpResponse."""
        action_data = {
            ACTION_CHECKBOX_NAME: [1],
            'action': 'download',
            'index': 0,
        }
        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_externalsubscriber_changelist'), action_data)
        content = b''.join(response.streaming_content)
        self.assertEqual(content, b'This is the content of the file')
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

    def test_custom_function_action_no_perm_response(self):
        """Tests a custom action that returns an HttpResponse with 403 code."""
        action_data = {
            ACTION_CHECKBOX_NAME: [1],
            'action': 'no_perm',
            'index': 0,
        }
        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_externalsubscriber_changelist'), action_data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 403)
        self.assertEqual(response.content, b'No permission to perform this action')

    def test_actions_ordering(self):
        """
        Ensure that actions are ordered as expected.
        Refs #15964.
        """
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_externalsubscriber_changelist'))
        self.assertContains(response, '''<label>Action: <select name="action" required>
<option value="" selected="selected">---------</option>
<option value="delete_selected">Delete selected external
subscribers</option>
<option value="redirect_to">Redirect to (Awesome action)</option>
<option value="external_mail">External mail (Another awesome
action)</option>
<option value="download">Download subscription</option>
<option value="no_perm">No permission to run</option>
</select>''', html=True)

    def test_model_without_action(self):
        "Tests a ModelAdmin without any action"
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_oldsubscriber_changelist'))
        self.assertEqual(response.context["action_form"], None)
        self.assertNotContains(
            response, '<input type="checkbox" class="action-select"',
            msg_prefix="Found an unexpected action toggle checkboxbox in response"
        )
        self.assertNotContains(response, '<input type="checkbox" class="action-select"')

    def test_model_without_action_still_has_jquery(self):
        "Tests that a ModelAdmin without any actions still gets jQuery included in page"
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_oldsubscriber_changelist'))
        self.assertEqual(response.context["action_form"], None)
        self.assertContains(
            response, 'jquery.min.js',
            msg_prefix="jQuery missing from admin pages for model with no admin actions"
        )

    def test_action_column_class(self):
        "Tests that the checkbox column class is present in the response"
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_subscriber_changelist'))
        self.assertNotEqual(response.context["action_form"], None)
        self.assertContains(response, 'action-checkbox-column')

    def test_multiple_actions_form(self):
        """
        Test that actions come from the form whose submit button was pressed (#10618).
        """
        action_data = {
            ACTION_CHECKBOX_NAME: [1],
            # Two different actions selected on the two forms...
            'action': ['external_mail', 'delete_selected'],
            # ...but we clicked "go" on the top form.
            'index': 0
        }
        self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_externalsubscriber_changelist'), action_data)

        # Send mail, don't delete.
        self.assertEqual(len(mail.outbox), 1)
        self.assertEqual(mail.outbox[0].subject, 'Greetings from a function action')

    def test_user_message_on_none_selected(self):
        """
        User should see a warning when 'Go' is pressed and no items are selected.
        """
        action_data = {
            ACTION_CHECKBOX_NAME: [],
            'action': 'delete_selected',
            'index': 0,
        }
        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_subscriber_changelist'), action_data)
        msg = """Items must be selected in order to perform actions on them. No items have been changed."""
        self.assertContains(response, msg)
        self.assertEqual(Subscriber.objects.count(), 2)

    def test_user_message_on_no_action(self):
        """
        User should see a warning when 'Go' is pressed and no action is selected.
        """
        action_data = {
            ACTION_CHECKBOX_NAME: [1, 2],
            'action': '',
            'index': 0,
        }
        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_subscriber_changelist'), action_data)
        msg = """No action selected."""
        self.assertContains(response, msg)
        self.assertEqual(Subscriber.objects.count(), 2)

    def test_selection_counter(self):
        """
        Check if the selection counter is there.
        """
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_subscriber_changelist'))
        self.assertContains(response, '0 of 2 selected')

    def test_popup_actions(self):
        """ Actions should not be shown in popups. """
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_subscriber_changelist'))
        self.assertNotEqual(response.context["action_form"], None)
        response = self.client.get(
            reverse('admin:admin_views_subscriber_changelist') + '?%s' % IS_POPUP_VAR)
        self.assertEqual(response.context["action_form"], None)

    def test_popup_template_response(self):
        """
        Success on popups shall be rendered from template in order to allow
        easy customization.
        """
        response = self.client.post(
            reverse('admin:admin_views_actor_add') + '?%s=1' % IS_POPUP_VAR,
            {'name': 'Troy McClure', 'age': '55', IS_POPUP_VAR: '1'})
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        self.assertEqual(response.template_name, 'admin/popup_response.html')

    def test_popup_template_escaping(self):
        popup_response_data = json.dumps({
            'new_value': 'new_value\\',
            'obj': 'obj\\',
            'value': 'value\\',
        })
        context = {
            'popup_response_data': popup_response_data,
        }
        output = render_to_string('admin/popup_response.html', context)
        self.assertIn(
            r'&quot;value\\&quot;', output
        )
        self.assertIn(
            r'&quot;new_value\\&quot;', output
        )
        self.assertIn(
            r'&quot;obj\\&quot;', output
        )


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='admin_views.urls')
class TestCustomChangeList(TestCase):

    @classmethod
    def setUpTestData(cls):
        cls.superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username='super', password='secret', email='super@example.com')

    def setUp(self):
        self.client.force_login(self.superuser)

    def test_custom_changelist(self):
        """
        Validate that a custom ChangeList class can be used (#9749)
        """
        # Insert some data
        post_data = {"name": "First Gadget"}
        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_gadget_add'), post_data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)  # redirect somewhere
        # Hit the page once to get messages out of the queue message list
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_gadget_changelist'))
        # Ensure that data is still not visible on the page
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_gadget_changelist'))
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        self.assertNotContains(response, 'First Gadget')


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='admin_views.urls')
class TestInlineNotEditable(TestCase):

    @classmethod
    def setUpTestData(cls):
        cls.superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username='super', password='secret', email='super@example.com')

    def setUp(self):
        self.client.force_login(self.superuser)

    def test_GET_parent_add(self):
        """
        InlineModelAdmin broken?
        """
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_parent_add'))
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='admin_views.urls')
class AdminCustomQuerysetTest(TestCase):

    @classmethod
    def setUpTestData(cls):
        cls.superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username='super', password='secret', email='super@example.com')

    def setUp(self):
        self.client.force_login(self.superuser)
        self.pks = [EmptyModel.objects.create().id for i in range(3)]
        self.super_login = {
            REDIRECT_FIELD_NAME: reverse('admin:index'),
            'username': 'super',
            'password': 'secret',
        }

    def test_changelist_view(self):
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_emptymodel_changelist'))
        for i in self.pks:
            if i > 1:
                self.assertContains(response, 'Primary key = %s' % i)
            else:
                self.assertNotContains(response, 'Primary key = %s' % i)

    def test_changelist_view_count_queries(self):
        # create 2 Person objects
        Person.objects.create(name='person1', gender=1)
        Person.objects.create(name='person2', gender=2)
        changelist_url = reverse('admin:admin_views_person_changelist')

        # 5 queries are expected: 1 for the session, 1 for the user,
        # 2 for the counts and 1 for the objects on the page
        with self.assertNumQueries(5):
            resp = self.client.get(changelist_url)
            self.assertEqual(resp.context['selection_note'], '0 of 2 selected')
            self.assertEqual(resp.context['selection_note_all'], 'All 2 selected')
        with self.assertNumQueries(5):
            extra = {'q': 'not_in_name'}
            resp = self.client.get(changelist_url, extra)
            self.assertEqual(resp.context['selection_note'], '0 of 0 selected')
            self.assertEqual(resp.context['selection_note_all'], 'All 0 selected')
        with self.assertNumQueries(5):
            extra = {'q': 'person'}
            resp = self.client.get(changelist_url, extra)
            self.assertEqual(resp.context['selection_note'], '0 of 2 selected')
            self.assertEqual(resp.context['selection_note_all'], 'All 2 selected')
        with self.assertNumQueries(5):
            extra = {'gender__exact': '1'}
            resp = self.client.get(changelist_url, extra)
            self.assertEqual(resp.context['selection_note'], '0 of 1 selected')
            self.assertEqual(resp.context['selection_note_all'], '1 selected')

    def test_change_view(self):
        for i in self.pks:
            response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_emptymodel_change', args=(i,)))
            if i > 1:
                self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
            else:
                self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 404)

    def test_add_model_modeladmin_defer_qs(self):
        # Test for #14529. defer() is used in ModelAdmin.get_queryset()

        # model has __str__ method
        self.assertEqual(CoverLetter.objects.count(), 0)
        # Emulate model instance creation via the admin
        post_data = {
            "author": "Candidate, Best",
            "_save": "Save",
        }
        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_coverletter_add'), post_data, follow=True)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        self.assertEqual(CoverLetter.objects.count(), 1)
        # Message should contain non-ugly model verbose name
        pk = CoverLetter.objects.all()[0].pk
        self.assertContains(
            response,
            '<li class="success">The cover letter "<a href="%s">'
            'Candidate, Best</a>" was added successfully.</li>' %
            reverse('admin:admin_views_coverletter_change', args=(pk,)), html=True
        )

        # model has no __str__ method
        self.assertEqual(ShortMessage.objects.count(), 0)
        # Emulate model instance creation via the admin
        post_data = {
            "content": "What's this SMS thing?",
            "_save": "Save",
        }
        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_shortmessage_add'), post_data, follow=True)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        self.assertEqual(ShortMessage.objects.count(), 1)
        # Message should contain non-ugly model verbose name
        pk = ShortMessage.objects.all()[0].pk
        self.assertContains(
            response,
            '<li class="success">The short message "<a href="%s">'
            'ShortMessage object</a>" was added successfully.</li>' %
            reverse('admin:admin_views_shortmessage_change', args=(pk,)), html=True
        )

    def test_add_model_modeladmin_only_qs(self):
        # Test for #14529. only() is used in ModelAdmin.get_queryset()

        # model has __str__ method
        self.assertEqual(Telegram.objects.count(), 0)
        # Emulate model instance creation via the admin
        post_data = {
            "title": "Urgent telegram",
            "_save": "Save",
        }
        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_telegram_add'), post_data, follow=True)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        self.assertEqual(Telegram.objects.count(), 1)
        # Message should contain non-ugly model verbose name
        pk = Telegram.objects.all()[0].pk
        self.assertContains(
            response,
            '<li class="success">The telegram "<a href="%s">'
            'Urgent telegram</a>" was added successfully.</li>' %
            reverse('admin:admin_views_telegram_change', args=(pk,)), html=True
        )

        # model has no __str__ method
        self.assertEqual(Paper.objects.count(), 0)
        # Emulate model instance creation via the admin
        post_data = {
            "title": "My Modified Paper Title",
            "_save": "Save",
        }
        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_paper_add'), post_data, follow=True)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        self.assertEqual(Paper.objects.count(), 1)
        # Message should contain non-ugly model verbose name
        pk = Paper.objects.all()[0].pk
        self.assertContains(
            response,
            '<li class="success">The paper "<a href="%s">'
            'Paper object</a>" was added successfully.</li>' %
            reverse('admin:admin_views_paper_change', args=(pk,)), html=True
        )

    def test_edit_model_modeladmin_defer_qs(self):
        # Test for #14529. defer() is used in ModelAdmin.get_queryset()

        # model has __str__ method
        cl = CoverLetter.objects.create(author="John Doe")
        self.assertEqual(CoverLetter.objects.count(), 1)
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_coverletter_change', args=(cl.pk,)))
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        # Emulate model instance edit via the admin
        post_data = {
            "author": "John Doe II",
            "_save": "Save",
        }
        url = reverse('admin:admin_views_coverletter_change', args=(cl.pk,))
        response = self.client.post(url, post_data, follow=True)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        self.assertEqual(CoverLetter.objects.count(), 1)
        # Message should contain non-ugly model verbose name. Instance
        # representation is set by model's __str__()
        self.assertContains(
            response,
            '<li class="success">The cover letter "<a href="%s">'
            'John Doe II</a>" was changed successfully.</li>' %
            reverse('admin:admin_views_coverletter_change', args=(cl.pk,)), html=True
        )

        # model has no __str__ method
        sm = ShortMessage.objects.create(content="This is expensive")
        self.assertEqual(ShortMessage.objects.count(), 1)
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_shortmessage_change', args=(sm.pk,)))
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        # Emulate model instance edit via the admin
        post_data = {
            "content": "Too expensive",
            "_save": "Save",
        }
        url = reverse('admin:admin_views_shortmessage_change', args=(sm.pk,))
        response = self.client.post(url, post_data, follow=True)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        self.assertEqual(ShortMessage.objects.count(), 1)
        # Message should contain non-ugly model verbose name. The ugly(!)
        # instance representation is set by six.text_type()
        self.assertContains(
            response,
            '<li class="success">The short message "<a href="%s">'
            'ShortMessage_Deferred_timestamp object</a>" was changed successfully.</li>' %
            reverse('admin:admin_views_shortmessage_change', args=(sm.pk,)), html=True
        )

    def test_edit_model_modeladmin_only_qs(self):
        # Test for #14529. only() is used in ModelAdmin.get_queryset()

        # model has __str__ method
        t = Telegram.objects.create(title="Frist Telegram")
        self.assertEqual(Telegram.objects.count(), 1)
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_telegram_change', args=(t.pk,)))
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        # Emulate model instance edit via the admin
        post_data = {
            "title": "Telegram without typo",
            "_save": "Save",
        }
        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_telegram_change', args=(t.pk,)), post_data, follow=True)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        self.assertEqual(Telegram.objects.count(), 1)
        # Message should contain non-ugly model verbose name. The instance
        # representation is set by model's __str__()
        self.assertContains(
            response,
            '<li class="success">The telegram "<a href="%s">'
            'Telegram without typo</a>" was changed successfully.</li>' %
            reverse('admin:admin_views_telegram_change', args=(t.pk,)), html=True
        )

        # model has no __str__ method
        p = Paper.objects.create(title="My Paper Title")
        self.assertEqual(Paper.objects.count(), 1)
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_paper_change', args=(p.pk,)))
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        # Emulate model instance edit via the admin
        post_data = {
            "title": "My Modified Paper Title",
            "_save": "Save",
        }
        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_paper_change', args=(p.pk,)), post_data, follow=True)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        self.assertEqual(Paper.objects.count(), 1)
        # Message should contain non-ugly model verbose name. The ugly(!)
        # instance representation is set by six.text_type()
        self.assertContains(
            response,
            '<li class="success">The paper "<a href="%s">'
            'Paper_Deferred_author object</a>" was changed successfully.</li>' %
            reverse('admin:admin_views_paper_change', args=(p.pk,)), html=True
        )

    def test_history_view_custom_qs(self):
        """
        Ensure that custom querysets are considered for the admin history view.
        Refs #21013.
        """
        self.client.post(reverse('admin:login'), self.super_login)
        FilteredManager.objects.create(pk=1)
        FilteredManager.objects.create(pk=2)
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_filteredmanager_changelist'))
        self.assertContains(response, "PK=1")
        self.assertContains(response, "PK=2")
        self.assertEqual(
            self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_filteredmanager_history', args=(1,))).status_code, 200
        )
        self.assertEqual(
            self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_filteredmanager_history', args=(2,))).status_code, 200
        )


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='admin_views.urls')
class AdminInlineFileUploadTest(TestCase):

    @classmethod
    def setUpTestData(cls):
        cls.superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username='super', password='secret', email='super@example.com')

    def setUp(self):
        self.client.force_login(self.superuser)

        # Set up test Picture and Gallery.
        # These must be set up here instead of in fixtures in order to allow Picture
        # to use a NamedTemporaryFile.
        file1 = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".file1")
        file1.write(b'a' * (2 ** 21))
        filename = file1.name
        file1.close()
        self.gallery = Gallery(name="Test Gallery")
        self.gallery.save()
        self.picture = Picture(name="Test Picture", image=filename, gallery=self.gallery)
        self.picture.save()

    def test_inline_file_upload_edit_validation_error_post(self):
        """
        Test that inline file uploads correctly display prior data (#10002).
        """
        post_data = {
            "name": "Test Gallery",
            "pictures-TOTAL_FORMS": "2",
            "pictures-INITIAL_FORMS": "1",
            "pictures-MAX_NUM_FORMS": "0",
            "pictures-0-id": six.text_type(self.picture.id),
            "pictures-0-gallery": six.text_type(self.gallery.id),
            "pictures-0-name": "Test Picture",
            "pictures-0-image": "",
            "pictures-1-id": "",
            "pictures-1-gallery": str(self.gallery.id),
            "pictures-1-name": "Test Picture 2",
            "pictures-1-image": "",
        }
        response = self.client.post(
            reverse('admin:admin_views_gallery_change', args=(self.gallery.id,)), post_data
        )
        self.assertContains(response, b"Currently")


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='admin_views.urls')
class AdminInlineTests(TestCase):

    @classmethod
    def setUpTestData(cls):
        cls.superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username='super', password='secret', email='super@example.com')

    def setUp(self):
        self.post_data = {
            "name": "Test Name",

            "widget_set-TOTAL_FORMS": "3",
            "widget_set-INITIAL_FORMS": "0",
            "widget_set-MAX_NUM_FORMS": "0",
            "widget_set-0-id": "",
            "widget_set-0-owner": "1",
            "widget_set-0-name": "",
            "widget_set-1-id": "",
            "widget_set-1-owner": "1",
            "widget_set-1-name": "",
            "widget_set-2-id": "",
            "widget_set-2-owner": "1",
            "widget_set-2-name": "",

            "doohickey_set-TOTAL_FORMS": "3",
            "doohickey_set-INITIAL_FORMS": "0",
            "doohickey_set-MAX_NUM_FORMS": "0",
            "doohickey_set-0-owner": "1",
            "doohickey_set-0-code": "",
            "doohickey_set-0-name": "",
            "doohickey_set-1-owner": "1",
            "doohickey_set-1-code": "",
            "doohickey_set-1-name": "",
            "doohickey_set-2-owner": "1",
            "doohickey_set-2-code": "",
            "doohickey_set-2-name": "",

            "grommet_set-TOTAL_FORMS": "3",
            "grommet_set-INITIAL_FORMS": "0",
            "grommet_set-MAX_NUM_FORMS": "0",
            "grommet_set-0-code": "",
            "grommet_set-0-owner": "1",
            "grommet_set-0-name": "",
            "grommet_set-1-code": "",
            "grommet_set-1-owner": "1",
            "grommet_set-1-name": "",
            "grommet_set-2-code": "",
            "grommet_set-2-owner": "1",
            "grommet_set-2-name": "",

            "whatsit_set-TOTAL_FORMS": "3",
            "whatsit_set-INITIAL_FORMS": "0",
            "whatsit_set-MAX_NUM_FORMS": "0",
            "whatsit_set-0-owner": "1",
            "whatsit_set-0-index": "",
            "whatsit_set-0-name": "",
            "whatsit_set-1-owner": "1",
            "whatsit_set-1-index": "",
            "whatsit_set-1-name": "",
            "whatsit_set-2-owner": "1",
            "whatsit_set-2-index": "",
            "whatsit_set-2-name": "",

            "fancydoodad_set-TOTAL_FORMS": "3",
            "fancydoodad_set-INITIAL_FORMS": "0",
            "fancydoodad_set-MAX_NUM_FORMS": "0",
            "fancydoodad_set-0-doodad_ptr": "",
            "fancydoodad_set-0-owner": "1",
            "fancydoodad_set-0-name": "",
            "fancydoodad_set-0-expensive": "on",
            "fancydoodad_set-1-doodad_ptr": "",
            "fancydoodad_set-1-owner": "1",
            "fancydoodad_set-1-name": "",
            "fancydoodad_set-1-expensive": "on",
            "fancydoodad_set-2-doodad_ptr": "",
            "fancydoodad_set-2-owner": "1",
            "fancydoodad_set-2-name": "",
            "fancydoodad_set-2-expensive": "on",

            "category_set-TOTAL_FORMS": "3",
            "category_set-INITIAL_FORMS": "0",
            "category_set-MAX_NUM_FORMS": "0",
            "category_set-0-order": "",
            "category_set-0-id": "",
            "category_set-0-collector": "1",
            "category_set-1-order": "",
            "category_set-1-id": "",
            "category_set-1-collector": "1",
            "category_set-2-order": "",
            "category_set-2-id": "",
            "category_set-2-collector": "1",
        }

        self.client.force_login(self.superuser)
        self.collector = Collector(pk=1, name='John Fowles')
        self.collector.save()

    def test_simple_inline(self):
        "A simple model can be saved as inlines"
        # First add a new inline
        self.post_data['widget_set-0-name'] = "Widget 1"
        collector_url = reverse('admin:admin_views_collector_change', args=(self.collector.pk,))
        response = self.client.post(collector_url, self.post_data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
        self.assertEqual(Widget.objects.count(), 1)
        self.assertEqual(Widget.objects.all()[0].name, "Widget 1")
        widget_id = Widget.objects.all()[0].id

        # Check that the PK link exists on the rendered form
        response = self.client.get(collector_url)
        self.assertContains(response, 'name="widget_set-0-id"')

        # Now resave that inline
        self.post_data['widget_set-INITIAL_FORMS'] = "1"
        self.post_data['widget_set-0-id'] = str(widget_id)
        self.post_data['widget_set-0-name'] = "Widget 1"
        response = self.client.post(collector_url, self.post_data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
        self.assertEqual(Widget.objects.count(), 1)
        self.assertEqual(Widget.objects.all()[0].name, "Widget 1")

        # Now modify that inline
        self.post_data['widget_set-INITIAL_FORMS'] = "1"
        self.post_data['widget_set-0-id'] = str(widget_id)
        self.post_data['widget_set-0-name'] = "Widget 1 Updated"
        response = self.client.post(collector_url, self.post_data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
        self.assertEqual(Widget.objects.count(), 1)
        self.assertEqual(Widget.objects.all()[0].name, "Widget 1 Updated")

    def test_explicit_autofield_inline(self):
        "A model with an explicit autofield primary key can be saved as inlines. Regression for #8093"
        # First add a new inline
        self.post_data['grommet_set-0-name'] = "Grommet 1"
        collector_url = reverse('admin:admin_views_collector_change', args=(self.collector.pk,))
        response = self.client.post(collector_url, self.post_data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
        self.assertEqual(Grommet.objects.count(), 1)
        self.assertEqual(Grommet.objects.all()[0].name, "Grommet 1")

        # Check that the PK link exists on the rendered form
        response = self.client.get(collector_url)
        self.assertContains(response, 'name="grommet_set-0-code"')

        # Now resave that inline
        self.post_data['grommet_set-INITIAL_FORMS'] = "1"
        self.post_data['grommet_set-0-code'] = str(Grommet.objects.all()[0].code)
        self.post_data['grommet_set-0-name'] = "Grommet 1"
        response = self.client.post(collector_url, self.post_data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
        self.assertEqual(Grommet.objects.count(), 1)
        self.assertEqual(Grommet.objects.all()[0].name, "Grommet 1")

        # Now modify that inline
        self.post_data['grommet_set-INITIAL_FORMS'] = "1"
        self.post_data['grommet_set-0-code'] = str(Grommet.objects.all()[0].code)
        self.post_data['grommet_set-0-name'] = "Grommet 1 Updated"
        response = self.client.post(collector_url, self.post_data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
        self.assertEqual(Grommet.objects.count(), 1)
        self.assertEqual(Grommet.objects.all()[0].name, "Grommet 1 Updated")

    def test_char_pk_inline(self):
        "A model with a character PK can be saved as inlines. Regression for #10992"
        # First add a new inline
        self.post_data['doohickey_set-0-code'] = "DH1"
        self.post_data['doohickey_set-0-name'] = "Doohickey 1"
        collector_url = reverse('admin:admin_views_collector_change', args=(self.collector.pk,))
        response = self.client.post(collector_url, self.post_data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
        self.assertEqual(DooHickey.objects.count(), 1)
        self.assertEqual(DooHickey.objects.all()[0].name, "Doohickey 1")

        # Check that the PK link exists on the rendered form
        response = self.client.get(collector_url)
        self.assertContains(response, 'name="doohickey_set-0-code"')

        # Now resave that inline
        self.post_data['doohickey_set-INITIAL_FORMS'] = "1"
        self.post_data['doohickey_set-0-code'] = "DH1"
        self.post_data['doohickey_set-0-name'] = "Doohickey 1"
        response = self.client.post(collector_url, self.post_data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
        self.assertEqual(DooHickey.objects.count(), 1)
        self.assertEqual(DooHickey.objects.all()[0].name, "Doohickey 1")

        # Now modify that inline
        self.post_data['doohickey_set-INITIAL_FORMS'] = "1"
        self.post_data['doohickey_set-0-code'] = "DH1"
        self.post_data['doohickey_set-0-name'] = "Doohickey 1 Updated"
        response = self.client.post(collector_url, self.post_data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
        self.assertEqual(DooHickey.objects.count(), 1)
        self.assertEqual(DooHickey.objects.all()[0].name, "Doohickey 1 Updated")

    def test_integer_pk_inline(self):
        "A model with an integer PK can be saved as inlines. Regression for #10992"
        # First add a new inline
        self.post_data['whatsit_set-0-index'] = "42"
        self.post_data['whatsit_set-0-name'] = "Whatsit 1"
        collector_url = reverse('admin:admin_views_collector_change', args=(self.collector.pk,))
        response = self.client.post(collector_url, self.post_data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
        self.assertEqual(Whatsit.objects.count(), 1)
        self.assertEqual(Whatsit.objects.all()[0].name, "Whatsit 1")

        # Check that the PK link exists on the rendered form
        response = self.client.get(collector_url)
        self.assertContains(response, 'name="whatsit_set-0-index"')

        # Now resave that inline
        self.post_data['whatsit_set-INITIAL_FORMS'] = "1"
        self.post_data['whatsit_set-0-index'] = "42"
        self.post_data['whatsit_set-0-name'] = "Whatsit 1"
        response = self.client.post(collector_url, self.post_data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
        self.assertEqual(Whatsit.objects.count(), 1)
        self.assertEqual(Whatsit.objects.all()[0].name, "Whatsit 1")

        # Now modify that inline
        self.post_data['whatsit_set-INITIAL_FORMS'] = "1"
        self.post_data['whatsit_set-0-index'] = "42"
        self.post_data['whatsit_set-0-name'] = "Whatsit 1 Updated"
        response = self.client.post(collector_url, self.post_data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
        self.assertEqual(Whatsit.objects.count(), 1)
        self.assertEqual(Whatsit.objects.all()[0].name, "Whatsit 1 Updated")

    def test_inherited_inline(self):
        "An inherited model can be saved as inlines. Regression for #11042"
        # First add a new inline
        self.post_data['fancydoodad_set-0-name'] = "Fancy Doodad 1"
        collector_url = reverse('admin:admin_views_collector_change', args=(self.collector.pk,))
        response = self.client.post(collector_url, self.post_data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
        self.assertEqual(FancyDoodad.objects.count(), 1)
        self.assertEqual(FancyDoodad.objects.all()[0].name, "Fancy Doodad 1")
        doodad_pk = FancyDoodad.objects.all()[0].pk

        # Check that the PK link exists on the rendered form
        response = self.client.get(collector_url)
        self.assertContains(response, 'name="fancydoodad_set-0-doodad_ptr"')

        # Now resave that inline
        self.post_data['fancydoodad_set-INITIAL_FORMS'] = "1"
        self.post_data['fancydoodad_set-0-doodad_ptr'] = str(doodad_pk)
        self.post_data['fancydoodad_set-0-name'] = "Fancy Doodad 1"
        response = self.client.post(collector_url, self.post_data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
        self.assertEqual(FancyDoodad.objects.count(), 1)
        self.assertEqual(FancyDoodad.objects.all()[0].name, "Fancy Doodad 1")

        # Now modify that inline
        self.post_data['fancydoodad_set-INITIAL_FORMS'] = "1"
        self.post_data['fancydoodad_set-0-doodad_ptr'] = str(doodad_pk)
        self.post_data['fancydoodad_set-0-name'] = "Fancy Doodad 1 Updated"
        response = self.client.post(collector_url, self.post_data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
        self.assertEqual(FancyDoodad.objects.count(), 1)
        self.assertEqual(FancyDoodad.objects.all()[0].name, "Fancy Doodad 1 Updated")

    def test_ordered_inline(self):
        """Check that an inline with an editable ordering fields is
        updated correctly. Regression for #10922"""
        # Create some objects with an initial ordering
        Category.objects.create(id=1, order=1, collector=self.collector)
        Category.objects.create(id=2, order=2, collector=self.collector)
        Category.objects.create(id=3, order=0, collector=self.collector)
        Category.objects.create(id=4, order=0, collector=self.collector)

        # NB: The order values must be changed so that the items are reordered.
        self.post_data.update({
            "name": "Frederick Clegg",

            "category_set-TOTAL_FORMS": "7",
            "category_set-INITIAL_FORMS": "4",
            "category_set-MAX_NUM_FORMS": "0",

            "category_set-0-order": "14",
            "category_set-0-id": "1",
            "category_set-0-collector": "1",

            "category_set-1-order": "13",
            "category_set-1-id": "2",
            "category_set-1-collector": "1",

            "category_set-2-order": "1",
            "category_set-2-id": "3",
            "category_set-2-collector": "1",

            "category_set-3-order": "0",
            "category_set-3-id": "4",
            "category_set-3-collector": "1",

            "category_set-4-order": "",
            "category_set-4-id": "",
            "category_set-4-collector": "1",

            "category_set-5-order": "",
            "category_set-5-id": "",
            "category_set-5-collector": "1",

            "category_set-6-order": "",
            "category_set-6-id": "",
            "category_set-6-collector": "1",
        })
        collector_url = reverse('admin:admin_views_collector_change', args=(self.collector.pk,))
        response = self.client.post(collector_url, self.post_data)
        # Successful post will redirect
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)

        # Check that the order values have been applied to the right objects
        self.assertEqual(self.collector.category_set.count(), 4)
        self.assertEqual(Category.objects.get(id=1).order, 14)
        self.assertEqual(Category.objects.get(id=2).order, 13)
        self.assertEqual(Category.objects.get(id=3).order, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Category.objects.get(id=4).order, 0)


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='admin_views.urls')
class NeverCacheTests(TestCase):

    @classmethod
    def setUpTestData(cls):
        cls.superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username='super', password='secret', email='super@example.com')
        cls.s1 = Section.objects.create(name='Test section')

    def setUp(self):
        self.client.force_login(self.superuser)

    def test_admin_index(self):
        "Check the never-cache status of the main index"
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:index'))
        self.assertEqual(get_max_age(response), 0)

    def test_app_index(self):
        "Check the never-cache status of an application index"
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:app_list', args=('admin_views',)))
        self.assertEqual(get_max_age(response), 0)

    def test_model_index(self):
        "Check the never-cache status of a model index"
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_fabric_changelist'))
        self.assertEqual(get_max_age(response), 0)

    def test_model_add(self):
        "Check the never-cache status of a model add page"
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_fabric_add'))
        self.assertEqual(get_max_age(response), 0)

    def test_model_view(self):
        "Check the never-cache status of a model edit page"
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_section_change', args=(self.s1.pk,)))
        self.assertEqual(get_max_age(response), 0)

    def test_model_history(self):
        "Check the never-cache status of a model history page"
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_section_history', args=(self.s1.pk,)))
        self.assertEqual(get_max_age(response), 0)

    def test_model_delete(self):
        "Check the never-cache status of a model delete page"
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_section_delete', args=(self.s1.pk,)))
        self.assertEqual(get_max_age(response), 0)

    def test_login(self):
        "Check the never-cache status of login views"
        self.client.logout()
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:index'))
        self.assertEqual(get_max_age(response), 0)

    def test_logout(self):
        "Check the never-cache status of logout view"
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:logout'))
        self.assertEqual(get_max_age(response), 0)

    def test_password_change(self):
        "Check the never-cache status of the password change view"
        self.client.logout()
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:password_change'))
        self.assertEqual(get_max_age(response), None)

    def test_password_change_done(self):
        "Check the never-cache status of the password change done view"
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:password_change_done'))
        self.assertEqual(get_max_age(response), None)

    def test_JS_i18n(self):
        "Check the never-cache status of the JavaScript i18n view"
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:jsi18n'))
        self.assertEqual(get_max_age(response), None)


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='admin_views.urls')
class PrePopulatedTest(TestCase):

    @classmethod
    def setUpTestData(cls):
        cls.superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username='super', password='secret', email='super@example.com')
        cls.p1 = PrePopulatedPost.objects.create(title='A Long Title', published=True, slug='a-long-title')

    def setUp(self):
        self.client.force_login(self.superuser)

    def test_prepopulated_on(self):
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_prepopulatedpost_add'))
        self.assertContains(response, "&quot;id&quot;: &quot;#id_slug&quot;")
        self.assertContains(response, "&quot;dependency_ids&quot;: [&quot;#id_title&quot;]")
        self.assertContains(response, "&quot;id&quot;: &quot;#id_prepopulatedsubpost_set-0-subslug&quot;")

    def test_prepopulated_off(self):
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_prepopulatedpost_change', args=(self.p1.pk,)))
        self.assertContains(response, "A Long Title")
        self.assertNotContains(response, "&quot;id&quot;: &quot;#id_slug&quot;")
        self.assertNotContains(response, "&quot;dependency_ids&quot;: [&quot;#id_title&quot;]")
        self.assertNotContains(
            response,
            "&quot;id&quot;: &quot;#id_prepopulatedsubpost_set-0-subslug&quot;"
        )

    @override_settings(USE_THOUSAND_SEPARATOR=True, USE_L10N=True)
    def test_prepopulated_maxlength_localized(self):
        """
        Regression test for #15938: if USE_THOUSAND_SEPARATOR is set, make sure
        that maxLength (in the JavaScript) is rendered without separators.
        """
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_prepopulatedpostlargeslug_add'))
        self.assertContains(response, "&quot;maxLength&quot;: 1000")  # instead of 1,000


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='admin_views.urls')
class SeleniumTests(AdminSeleniumTestCase):

    available_apps = ['admin_views'] + AdminSeleniumTestCase.available_apps

    def setUp(self):
        self.superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username='super', password='secret', email='super@example.com')
        self.p1 = PrePopulatedPost.objects.create(title='A Long Title', published=True, slug='a-long-title')

    def test_prepopulated_fields(self):
        """
        Ensure that the JavaScript-automated prepopulated fields work with the
        main form and with stacked and tabular inlines.
        Refs #13068, #9264, #9983, #9784.
        """
        self.admin_login(username='super', password='secret', login_url=reverse('admin:index'))
        self.selenium.get(self.live_server_url + reverse('admin:admin_views_mainprepopulated_add'))

        # Main form ----------------------------------------------------------
        self.selenium.find_element_by_id('id_pubdate').send_keys('2012-02-18')
        self.get_select_option('#id_status', 'option two').click()
        self.selenium.find_element_by_id('id_name').send_keys(' this is the mAin nÀMë and it\'s awεšomeııı')
        slug1 = self.selenium.find_element_by_id('id_slug1').get_attribute('value')
        slug2 = self.selenium.find_element_by_id('id_slug2').get_attribute('value')
        slug3 = self.selenium.find_element_by_id('id_slug3').get_attribute('value')
        self.assertEqual(slug1, 'main-name-and-its-awesomeiii-2012-02-18')
        self.assertEqual(slug2, 'option-two-main-name-and-its-awesomeiii')
        self.assertEqual(slug3, 'main-n\xe0m\xeb-and-its-aw\u03b5\u0161ome\u0131\u0131\u0131')

        # Stacked inlines ----------------------------------------------------
        # Initial inline
        self.selenium.find_element_by_id('id_relatedprepopulated_set-0-pubdate').send_keys('2011-12-17')
        self.get_select_option('#id_relatedprepopulated_set-0-status', 'option one').click()
        self.selenium.find_element_by_id('id_relatedprepopulated_set-0-name').send_keys(
            ' here is a sŤāÇkeð   inline !  '
        )
        slug1 = self.selenium.find_element_by_id('id_relatedprepopulated_set-0-slug1').get_attribute('value')
        slug2 = self.selenium.find_element_by_id('id_relatedprepopulated_set-0-slug2').get_attribute('value')
        self.assertEqual(slug1, 'here-stacked-inline-2011-12-17')
        self.assertEqual(slug2, 'option-one-here-stacked-inline')

        # Add an inline
        self.selenium.find_elements_by_link_text('Add another Related prepopulated')[0].click()
        self.selenium.find_element_by_id('id_relatedprepopulated_set-1-pubdate').send_keys('1999-01-25')
        self.get_select_option('#id_relatedprepopulated_set-1-status', 'option two').click()
        self.selenium.find_element_by_id('id_relatedprepopulated_set-1-name').send_keys(
            ' now you haVe anöther   sŤāÇkeð  inline with a very ... '
            'loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooog text... '
        )
        slug1 = self.selenium.find_element_by_id('id_relatedprepopulated_set-1-slug1').get_attribute('value')
        slug2 = self.selenium.find_element_by_id('id_relatedprepopulated_set-1-slug2').get_attribute('value')
        # 50 characters maximum for slug1 field
        self.assertEqual(slug1, 'now-you-have-another-stacked-inline-very-loooooooo')
        # 60 characters maximum for slug2 field
        self.assertEqual(slug2, 'option-two-now-you-have-another-stacked-inline-very-looooooo')

        # Tabular inlines ----------------------------------------------------
        # Initial inline
        self.selenium.find_element_by_id('id_relatedprepopulated_set-2-0-pubdate').send_keys('1234-12-07')
        self.get_select_option('#id_relatedprepopulated_set-2-0-status', 'option two').click()
        self.selenium.find_element_by_id('id_relatedprepopulated_set-2-0-name').send_keys(
            'And now, with a tÃbűlaŘ inline !!!'
        )
        slug1 = self.selenium.find_element_by_id('id_relatedprepopulated_set-2-0-slug1').get_attribute('value')
        slug2 = self.selenium.find_element_by_id('id_relatedprepopulated_set-2-0-slug2').get_attribute('value')
        self.assertEqual(slug1, 'and-now-tabular-inline-1234-12-07')
        self.assertEqual(slug2, 'option-two-and-now-tabular-inline')

        # Add an inline
        self.selenium.find_elements_by_link_text('Add another Related prepopulated')[1].click()
        self.selenium.find_element_by_id('id_relatedprepopulated_set-2-1-pubdate').send_keys('1981-08-22')
        self.get_select_option('#id_relatedprepopulated_set-2-1-status', 'option one').click()
        self.selenium.find_element_by_id('id_relatedprepopulated_set-2-1-name').send_keys(
            'a tÃbűlaŘ inline with ignored ;"&*^\%$#@-/`~ characters'
        )
        slug1 = self.selenium.find_element_by_id('id_relatedprepopulated_set-2-1-slug1').get_attribute('value')
        slug2 = self.selenium.find_element_by_id('id_relatedprepopulated_set-2-1-slug2').get_attribute('value')
        self.assertEqual(slug1, 'tabular-inline-ignored-characters-1981-08-22')
        self.assertEqual(slug2, 'option-one-tabular-inline-ignored-characters')

        # Save and check that everything is properly stored in the database
        self.selenium.find_element_by_xpath('//input[@value="Save"]').click()
        self.wait_page_loaded()
        self.assertEqual(MainPrepopulated.objects.all().count(), 1)
        MainPrepopulated.objects.get(
            name=' this is the mAin nÀMë and it\'s awεšomeııı',
            pubdate='2012-02-18',
            status='option two',
            slug1='main-name-and-its-awesomeiii-2012-02-18',
            slug2='option-two-main-name-and-its-awesomeiii',
        )
        self.assertEqual(RelatedPrepopulated.objects.all().count(), 4)
        RelatedPrepopulated.objects.get(
            name=' here is a sŤāÇkeð   inline !  ',
            pubdate='2011-12-17',
            status='option one',
            slug1='here-stacked-inline-2011-12-17',
            slug2='option-one-here-stacked-inline',
        )
        RelatedPrepopulated.objects.get(
            # 75 characters in name field
            name=' now you haVe anöther   sŤāÇkeð  inline with a very ... loooooooooooooooooo',
            pubdate='1999-01-25',
            status='option two',
            slug1='now-you-have-another-stacked-inline-very-loooooooo',
            slug2='option-two-now-you-have-another-stacked-inline-very-looooooo',
        )
        RelatedPrepopulated.objects.get(
            name='And now, with a tÃbűlaŘ inline !!!',
            pubdate='1234-12-07',
            status='option two',
            slug1='and-now-tabular-inline-1234-12-07',
            slug2='option-two-and-now-tabular-inline',
        )
        RelatedPrepopulated.objects.get(
            name='a tÃbűlaŘ inline with ignored ;"&*^\%$#@-/`~ characters',
            pubdate='1981-08-22',
            status='option one',
            slug1='tabular-inline-ignored-characters-1981-08-22',
            slug2='option-one-tabular-inline-ignored-characters',
        )

    def test_populate_existing_object(self):
        """
        Ensure that the prepopulation works for existing objects too, as long
        as the original field is empty.
        Refs #19082.
        """
        # Slugs are empty to start with.
        item = MainPrepopulated.objects.create(
            name=' this is the mAin nÀMë',
            pubdate='2012-02-18',
            status='option two',
            slug1='',
            slug2='',
        )
        self.admin_login(username='super', password='secret', login_url=reverse('admin:index'))

        object_url = self.live_server_url + reverse('admin:admin_views_mainprepopulated_change', args=(item.id,))

        self.selenium.get(object_url)
        self.selenium.find_element_by_id('id_name').send_keys(' the best')

        # The slugs got prepopulated since they were originally empty
        slug1 = self.selenium.find_element_by_id('id_slug1').get_attribute('value')
        slug2 = self.selenium.find_element_by_id('id_slug2').get_attribute('value')
        self.assertEqual(slug1, 'main-name-best-2012-02-18')
        self.assertEqual(slug2, 'option-two-main-name-best')

        # Save the object
        self.selenium.find_element_by_xpath('//input[@value="Save"]').click()
        self.wait_page_loaded()

        self.selenium.get(object_url)
        self.selenium.find_element_by_id('id_name').send_keys(' hello')

        # The slugs got prepopulated didn't change since they were originally not empty
        slug1 = self.selenium.find_element_by_id('id_slug1').get_attribute('value')
        slug2 = self.selenium.find_element_by_id('id_slug2').get_attribute('value')
        self.assertEqual(slug1, 'main-name-best-2012-02-18')
        self.assertEqual(slug2, 'option-two-main-name-best')

    def test_collapsible_fieldset(self):
        """
        Test that the 'collapse' class in fieldsets definition allows to
        show/hide the appropriate field section.
        """
        self.admin_login(username='super', password='secret', login_url=reverse('admin:index'))
        self.selenium.get(self.live_server_url + reverse('admin:admin_views_article_add'))
        self.assertFalse(self.selenium.find_element_by_id('id_title').is_displayed())
        self.selenium.find_elements_by_link_text('Show')[0].click()
        self.assertTrue(self.selenium.find_element_by_id('id_title').is_displayed())
        self.assertEqual(self.selenium.find_element_by_id('fieldsetcollapser0').text, "Hide")

    def test_first_field_focus(self):
        """JavaScript-assisted auto-focus on first usable form field."""
        # First form field has a single widget
        self.admin_login(username='super', password='secret', login_url=reverse('admin:index'))
        self.selenium.get(self.live_server_url + reverse('admin:admin_views_picture_add'))
        self.assertEqual(
            self.selenium.switch_to.active_element,
            self.selenium.find_element_by_id('id_name')
        )

        # First form field has a MultiWidget
        self.selenium.get(self.live_server_url + reverse('admin:admin_views_reservation_add'))
        self.assertEqual(
            self.selenium.switch_to.active_element,
            self.selenium.find_element_by_id('id_start_date_0')
        )

    def test_cancel_delete_confirmation(self):
        "Cancelling the deletion of an object takes the user back one page."
        pizza = Pizza.objects.create(name="Double Cheese")
        url = reverse('admin:admin_views_pizza_change', args=(pizza.id,))
        full_url = self.live_server_url + url
        self.admin_login(username='super', password='secret', login_url=reverse('admin:index'))
        self.selenium.get(full_url)
        self.selenium.find_element_by_class_name('deletelink').click()
        # Click 'cancel' on the delete page.
        self.selenium.find_element_by_class_name('cancel-link').click()
        # Wait until we're back on the change page.
        self.wait_for_text('#content h1', 'Change pizza')
        self.assertEqual(self.selenium.current_url, full_url)
        self.assertEqual(Pizza.objects.count(), 1)

    def test_cancel_delete_related_confirmation(self):
        """
        Cancelling the deletion of an object with relations takes the user back
        one page.
        """
        pizza = Pizza.objects.create(name="Double Cheese")
        topping1 = Topping.objects.create(name="Cheddar")
        topping2 = Topping.objects.create(name="Mozzarella")
        pizza.toppings.add(topping1, topping2)
        url = reverse('admin:admin_views_pizza_change', args=(pizza.id,))
        full_url = self.live_server_url + url
        self.admin_login(username='super', password='secret', login_url=reverse('admin:index'))
        self.selenium.get(full_url)
        self.selenium.find_element_by_class_name('deletelink').click()
        # Click 'cancel' on the delete page.
        self.selenium.find_element_by_class_name('cancel-link').click()
        # Wait until we're back on the change page.
        self.wait_for_text('#content h1', 'Change pizza')
        self.assertEqual(self.selenium.current_url, full_url)
        self.assertEqual(Pizza.objects.count(), 1)
        self.assertEqual(Topping.objects.count(), 2)

    def test_list_editable_popups(self):
        """
        list_editable foreign keys have add/change popups.
        """
        from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select
        s1 = Section.objects.create(name='Test section')
        Article.objects.create(
            title='foo',
            content='<p>Middle content</p>',
            date=datetime.datetime(2008, 3, 18, 11, 54, 58),
            section=s1,
        )
        self.admin_login(username='super', password='secret', login_url=reverse('admin:index'))
        self.selenium.get(self.live_server_url + reverse('admin:admin_views_article_changelist'))
        # Change popup
        self.selenium.find_element_by_id('change_id_form-0-section').click()
        self.wait_for_popup()
        self.selenium.switch_to.window(self.selenium.window_handles[-1])
        self.wait_for_text('#content h1', 'Change section')
        name_input = self.selenium.find_element_by_id('id_name')
        name_input.clear()
        name_input.send_keys('edited section')
        self.selenium.find_element_by_xpath('//input[@value="Save"]').click()
        self.selenium.switch_to.window(self.selenium.window_handles[0])
        select = Select(self.selenium.find_element_by_id('id_form-0-section'))
        self.assertEqual(select.first_selected_option.text, 'edited section')

        # Add popup
        self.selenium.find_element_by_id('add_id_form-0-section').click()
        self.wait_for_popup()
        self.selenium.switch_to.window(self.selenium.window_handles[-1])
        self.wait_for_text('#content h1', 'Add section')
        self.selenium.find_element_by_id('id_name').send_keys('new section')
        self.selenium.find_element_by_xpath('//input[@value="Save"]').click()
        self.selenium.switch_to.window(self.selenium.window_handles[0])
        select = Select(self.selenium.find_element_by_id('id_form-0-section'))
        self.assertEqual(select.first_selected_option.text, 'new section')

    def test_inline_uuid_pk_edit_with_popup(self):
        from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select
        parent = ParentWithUUIDPK.objects.create(title='test')
        related_with_parent = RelatedWithUUIDPKModel.objects.create(parent=parent)
        self.admin_login(username='super', password='secret', login_url=reverse('admin:index'))
        change_url = reverse('admin:admin_views_relatedwithuuidpkmodel_change', args=(related_with_parent.id,))
        self.selenium.get(self.live_server_url + change_url)
        self.selenium.find_element_by_id('change_id_parent').click()
        self.wait_for_popup()
        self.selenium.switch_to.window(self.selenium.window_handles[-1])
        self.selenium.find_element_by_xpath('//input[@value="Save"]').click()
        self.selenium.switch_to.window(self.selenium.window_handles[0])
        select = Select(self.selenium.find_element_by_id('id_parent'))
        self.assertEqual(select.first_selected_option.text, str(parent.id))
        self.assertEqual(select.first_selected_option.get_attribute('value'), str(parent.id))

    def test_inline_uuid_pk_add_with_popup(self):
        from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select
        self.admin_login(username='super', password='secret', login_url=reverse('admin:index'))
        self.selenium.get(self.live_server_url + reverse('admin:admin_views_relatedwithuuidpkmodel_add'))
        self.selenium.find_element_by_id('add_id_parent').click()
        self.wait_for_popup()
        self.selenium.switch_to.window(self.selenium.window_handles[-1])
        self.selenium.find_element_by_id('id_title').send_keys('test')
        self.selenium.find_element_by_xpath('//input[@value="Save"]').click()
        self.selenium.switch_to.window(self.selenium.window_handles[0])
        select = Select(self.selenium.find_element_by_id('id_parent'))
        uuid_id = str(ParentWithUUIDPK.objects.first().id)
        self.assertEqual(select.first_selected_option.text, uuid_id)
        self.assertEqual(select.first_selected_option.get_attribute('value'), uuid_id)

    def test_inline_uuid_pk_delete_with_popup(self):
        from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select
        parent = ParentWithUUIDPK.objects.create(title='test')
        related_with_parent = RelatedWithUUIDPKModel.objects.create(parent=parent)
        self.admin_login(username='super', password='secret', login_url=reverse('admin:index'))
        change_url = reverse('admin:admin_views_relatedwithuuidpkmodel_change', args=(related_with_parent.id,))
        self.selenium.get(self.live_server_url + change_url)
        self.selenium.find_element_by_id('delete_id_parent').click()
        self.wait_for_popup()
        self.selenium.switch_to.window(self.selenium.window_handles[-1])
        self.selenium.find_element_by_xpath('//input[@value="Yes, I\'m sure"]').click()
        self.selenium.switch_to.window(self.selenium.window_handles[0])
        select = Select(self.selenium.find_element_by_id('id_parent'))
        self.assertEqual(ParentWithUUIDPK.objects.count(), 0)
        self.assertEqual(select.first_selected_option.text, '---------')
        self.assertEqual(select.first_selected_option.get_attribute('value'), '')

    def test_list_editable_raw_id_fields(self):
        parent = ParentWithUUIDPK.objects.create(title='test')
        parent2 = ParentWithUUIDPK.objects.create(title='test2')
        RelatedWithUUIDPKModel.objects.create(parent=parent)
        self.admin_login(username='super', password='secret', login_url=reverse('admin:index'))
        change_url = reverse('admin:admin_views_relatedwithuuidpkmodel_changelist', current_app=site2.name)
        self.selenium.get(self.live_server_url + change_url)
        self.selenium.find_element_by_id('lookup_id_form-0-parent').click()
        self.wait_for_popup()
        self.selenium.switch_to.window(self.selenium.window_handles[-1])
        # Select "parent2" in the popup.
        self.selenium.find_element_by_link_text(str(parent2.pk)).click()
        self.selenium.switch_to.window(self.selenium.window_handles[0])
        # The newly selected pk should appear in the raw id input.
        value = self.selenium.find_element_by_id('id_form-0-parent').get_attribute('value')
        self.assertEqual(value, str(parent2.pk))


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='admin_views.urls')
class ReadonlyTest(AdminFieldExtractionMixin, TestCase):

    @classmethod
    def setUpTestData(cls):
        cls.superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username='super', password='secret', email='super@example.com')

    def setUp(self):
        self.client.force_login(self.superuser)

    @ignore_warnings(category=RemovedInDjango20Warning)  # for allow_tags deprecation
    def test_readonly_get(self):
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_post_add'))
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        self.assertNotContains(response, 'name="posted"')
        # 3 fields + 2 submit buttons + 5 inline management form fields, + 2
        # hidden fields for inlines + 1 field for the inline + 2 empty form
        self.assertContains(response, "<input", count=15)
        self.assertContains(response, formats.localize(datetime.date.today()))
        self.assertContains(response, "<label>Awesomeness level:</label>")
        self.assertContains(response, "Very awesome.")
        self.assertContains(response, "Unknown coolness.")
        self.assertContains(response, "foo")

        # Checks that multiline text in a readonly field gets <br /> tags
        self.assertContains(response, "Multiline<br />test<br />string")
        self.assertContains(response, "<p>Multiline<br />html<br />content</p>", html=True)
        self.assertContains(response, "InlineMultiline<br />test<br />string")
        # Remove only this last line when the deprecation completes.
        self.assertContains(response, "<p>Multiline<br />html<br />content<br />with allow tags</p>", html=True)

        self.assertContains(response, formats.localize(datetime.date.today() - datetime.timedelta(days=7)))

        self.assertContains(response, '<div class="form-row field-coolness">')
        self.assertContains(response, '<div class="form-row field-awesomeness_level">')
        self.assertContains(response, '<div class="form-row field-posted">')
        self.assertContains(response, '<div class="form-row field-value">')
        self.assertContains(response, '<div class="form-row">')
        self.assertContains(response, '<p class="help">', 3)
        self.assertContains(
            response,
            '<p class="help">Some help text for the title (with unicode ŠĐĆŽćžšđ)</p>',
            html=True
        )
        self.assertContains(
            response,
            '<p class="help">Some help text for the content (with unicode ŠĐĆŽćžšđ)</p>',
            html=True
        )
        self.assertContains(
            response,
            '<p class="help">Some help text for the date (with unicode ŠĐĆŽćžšđ)</p>',
            html=True
        )

        p = Post.objects.create(title="I worked on readonly_fields", content="Its good stuff")
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_post_change', args=(p.pk,)))
        self.assertContains(response, "%d amount of cool" % p.pk)

    @ignore_warnings(category=RemovedInDjango20Warning)  # for allow_tags deprecation
    def test_readonly_text_field(self):
        p = Post.objects.create(
            title="Readonly test", content="test",
            readonly_content='test\r\n\r\ntest\r\n\r\ntest\r\n\r\ntest',
        )
        Link.objects.create(
            url="http://www.djangoproject.com", post=p,
            readonly_link_content="test\r\nlink",
        )
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_post_change', args=(p.pk,)))
        # Checking readonly field.
        self.assertContains(response, 'test<br /><br />test<br /><br />test<br /><br />test')
        # Checking readonly field in inline.
        self.assertContains(response, 'test<br />link')

    def test_readonly_post(self):
        data = {
            "title": "Django Got Readonly Fields",
            "content": "This is an incredible development.",
            "link_set-TOTAL_FORMS": "1",
            "link_set-INITIAL_FORMS": "0",
            "link_set-MAX_NUM_FORMS": "0",
        }
        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_post_add'), data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
        self.assertEqual(Post.objects.count(), 1)
        p = Post.objects.get()
        self.assertEqual(p.posted, datetime.date.today())

        data["posted"] = "10-8-1990"  # some date that's not today
        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_post_add'), data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
        self.assertEqual(Post.objects.count(), 2)
        p = Post.objects.order_by('-id')[0]
        self.assertEqual(p.posted, datetime.date.today())

    def test_readonly_manytomany(self):
        "Regression test for #13004"
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_pizza_add'))
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

    def test_user_password_change_limited_queryset(self):
        su = User.objects.filter(is_superuser=True)[0]
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin2:auth_user_password_change', args=(su.pk,)))
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 404)

    def test_change_form_renders_correct_null_choice_value(self):
        """
        Regression test for #17911.
        """
        choice = Choice.objects.create(choice=None)
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_choice_change', args=(choice.pk,)))
        self.assertContains(response, '<p>No opinion</p>', html=True)
        self.assertNotContains(response, '<p>(None)</p>')

    def test_readonly_manytomany_backwards_ref(self):
        """
        Regression test for #16433 - backwards references for related objects
        broke if the related field is read-only due to the help_text attribute
        """
        topping = Topping.objects.create(name='Salami')
        pizza = Pizza.objects.create(name='Americano')
        pizza.toppings.add(topping)
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_topping_add'))
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

    def test_readonly_onetoone_backwards_ref(self):
        """
        Can reference a reverse OneToOneField in ModelAdmin.readonly_fields.
        """
        v1 = Villain.objects.create(name='Adam')
        pl = Plot.objects.create(name='Test Plot', team_leader=v1, contact=v1)
        pd = PlotDetails.objects.create(details='Brand New Plot', plot=pl)

        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_plotproxy_change', args=(pl.pk,)))
        field = self.get_admin_readonly_field(response, 'plotdetails')
        self.assertEqual(field.contents(), 'Brand New Plot')

        # The reverse relation also works if the OneToOneField is null.
        pd.plot = None
        pd.save()

        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_plotproxy_change', args=(pl.pk,)))
        field = self.get_admin_readonly_field(response, 'plotdetails')
        self.assertEqual(field.contents(), '-')  # default empty value

    @ignore_warnings(category=RemovedInDjango20Warning)  # for allow_tags deprecation
    def test_readonly_field_overrides(self):
        """
        Regression test for #22087 - ModelForm Meta overrides are ignored by
        AdminReadonlyField
        """
        p = FieldOverridePost.objects.create(title="Test Post", content="Test Content")
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_fieldoverridepost_change', args=(p.pk,)))
        self.assertContains(response, '<p class="help">Overridden help text for the date</p>')
        self.assertContains(response, '<label for="id_public">Overridden public label:</label>', html=True)
        self.assertNotContains(response, "Some help text for the date (with unicode ŠĐĆŽćžšđ)")

    def test_correct_autoescaping(self):
        """
        Make sure that non-field readonly elements are properly autoescaped (#24461)
        """
        section = Section.objects.create(name='<a>evil</a>')
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_section_change', args=(section.pk,)))
        self.assertNotContains(response, "<a>evil</a>", status_code=200)
        self.assertContains(response, "&lt;a&gt;evil&lt;/a&gt;", status_code=200)


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='admin_views.urls')
class LimitChoicesToInAdminTest(TestCase):

    @classmethod
    def setUpTestData(cls):
        cls.superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username='super', password='secret', email='super@example.com')

    def setUp(self):
        self.client.force_login(self.superuser)

    def test_limit_choices_to_as_callable(self):
        """Test for ticket 2445 changes to admin."""
        threepwood = Character.objects.create(
            username='threepwood',
            last_action=datetime.datetime.today() + datetime.timedelta(days=1),
        )
        marley = Character.objects.create(
            username='marley',
            last_action=datetime.datetime.today() - datetime.timedelta(days=1),
        )
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_stumpjoke_add'))
        # The allowed option should appear twice; the limited option should not appear.
        self.assertContains(response, threepwood.username, count=2)
        self.assertNotContains(response, marley.username)


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='admin_views.urls')
class RawIdFieldsTest(TestCase):

    @classmethod
    def setUpTestData(cls):
        cls.superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username='super', password='secret', email='super@example.com')

    def setUp(self):
        self.client.force_login(self.superuser)

    def test_limit_choices_to(self):
        """Regression test for 14880"""
        actor = Actor.objects.create(name="Palin", age=27)
        Inquisition.objects.create(expected=True,
                                   leader=actor,
                                   country="England")
        Inquisition.objects.create(expected=False,
                                   leader=actor,
                                   country="Spain")
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_sketch_add'))
        # Find the link
        m = re.search(br'<a href="([^"]*)"[^>]* id="lookup_id_inquisition"', response.content)
        self.assertTrue(m)  # Got a match
        popup_url = m.groups()[0].decode().replace("&amp;", "&")

        # Handle relative links
        popup_url = urljoin(response.request['PATH_INFO'], popup_url)
        # Get the popup and verify the correct objects show up in the resulting
        # page. This step also tests integers, strings and booleans in the
        # lookup query string; in model we define inquisition field to have a
        # limit_choices_to option that includes a filter on a string field
        # (inquisition__actor__name), a filter on an integer field
        # (inquisition__actor__age), and a filter on a boolean field
        # (inquisition__expected).
        response2 = self.client.get(popup_url)
        self.assertContains(response2, "Spain")
        self.assertNotContains(response2, "England")

    def test_limit_choices_to_isnull_false(self):
        """Regression test for 20182"""
        Actor.objects.create(name="Palin", age=27)
        Actor.objects.create(name="Kilbraken", age=50, title="Judge")
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_sketch_add'))
        # Find the link
        m = re.search(br'<a href="([^"]*)"[^>]* id="lookup_id_defendant0"', response.content)
        self.assertTrue(m)  # Got a match
        popup_url = m.groups()[0].decode().replace("&amp;", "&")

        # Handle relative links
        popup_url = urljoin(response.request['PATH_INFO'], popup_url)
        # Get the popup and verify the correct objects show up in the resulting
        # page. This step tests field__isnull=0 gets parsed correctly from the
        # lookup query string; in model we define defendant0 field to have a
        # limit_choices_to option that includes "actor__title__isnull=False".
        response2 = self.client.get(popup_url)
        self.assertContains(response2, "Kilbraken")
        self.assertNotContains(response2, "Palin")

    def test_limit_choices_to_isnull_true(self):
        """Regression test for 20182"""
        Actor.objects.create(name="Palin", age=27)
        Actor.objects.create(name="Kilbraken", age=50, title="Judge")
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_sketch_add'))
        # Find the link
        m = re.search(br'<a href="([^"]*)"[^>]* id="lookup_id_defendant1"', response.content)
        self.assertTrue(m)  # Got a match
        popup_url = m.groups()[0].decode().replace("&amp;", "&")

        # Handle relative links
        popup_url = urljoin(response.request['PATH_INFO'], popup_url)
        # Get the popup and verify the correct objects show up in the resulting
        # page. This step tests field__isnull=1 gets parsed correctly from the
        # lookup query string; in model we define defendant1 field to have a
        # limit_choices_to option that includes "actor__title__isnull=True".
        response2 = self.client.get(popup_url)
        self.assertNotContains(response2, "Kilbraken")
        self.assertContains(response2, "Palin")

    def test_list_display_method_same_name_as_reverse_accessor(self):
        """
        Should be able to use a ModelAdmin method in list_display that has the
        same name as a reverse model field ("sketch" in this case).
        """
        actor = Actor.objects.create(name="Palin", age=27)
        Inquisition.objects.create(expected=True, leader=actor, country="England")
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_inquisition_changelist'))
        self.assertContains(response, 'list-display-sketch')


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='admin_views.urls')
class UserAdminTest(TestCase):
    """
    Tests user CRUD functionality.
    """

    @classmethod
    def setUpTestData(cls):
        cls.superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username='super', password='secret', email='super@example.com')
        cls.adduser = User.objects.create_user(username='adduser', password='secret', is_staff=True)
        cls.changeuser = User.objects.create_user(username='changeuser', password='secret', is_staff=True)
        cls.s1 = Section.objects.create(name='Test section')
        cls.a1 = Article.objects.create(
            content='<p>Middle content</p>', date=datetime.datetime(2008, 3, 18, 11, 54, 58), section=cls.s1
        )
        cls.a2 = Article.objects.create(
            content='<p>Oldest content</p>', date=datetime.datetime(2000, 3, 18, 11, 54, 58), section=cls.s1
        )
        cls.a3 = Article.objects.create(
            content='<p>Newest content</p>', date=datetime.datetime(2009, 3, 18, 11, 54, 58), section=cls.s1
        )
        cls.p1 = PrePopulatedPost.objects.create(title='A Long Title', published=True, slug='a-long-title')

        cls.per1 = Person.objects.create(name='John Mauchly', gender=1, alive=True)
        cls.per2 = Person.objects.create(name='Grace Hopper', gender=1, alive=False)
        cls.per3 = Person.objects.create(name='Guido van Rossum', gender=1, alive=True)

    def setUp(self):
        self.client.force_login(self.superuser)

    def test_save_button(self):
        user_count = User.objects.count()
        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:auth_user_add'), {
            'username': 'newuser',
            'password1': 'newpassword',
            'password2': 'newpassword',
        })
        new_user = User.objects.get(username='newuser')
        self.assertRedirects(response, reverse('admin:auth_user_change', args=(new_user.pk,)))
        self.assertEqual(User.objects.count(), user_count + 1)
        self.assertTrue(new_user.has_usable_password())

    def test_save_continue_editing_button(self):
        user_count = User.objects.count()
        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:auth_user_add'), {
            'username': 'newuser',
            'password1': 'newpassword',
            'password2': 'newpassword',
            '_continue': '1',
        })
        new_user = User.objects.get(username='newuser')
        self.assertRedirects(response, reverse('admin:auth_user_change', args=(new_user.pk,)))
        self.assertEqual(User.objects.count(), user_count + 1)
        self.assertTrue(new_user.has_usable_password())

    def test_password_mismatch(self):
        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:auth_user_add'), {
            'username': 'newuser',
            'password1': 'newpassword',
            'password2': 'mismatch',
        })
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        adminform = response.context['adminform']
        self.assertNotIn('password', adminform.form.errors)
        self.assertEqual(adminform.form.errors['password2'], ["The two password fields didn't match."])

    def test_user_fk_add_popup(self):
        """User addition through a FK popup should return the appropriate JavaScript response."""
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_album_add'))
        self.assertContains(response, reverse('admin:auth_user_add'))
        self.assertContains(response, 'class="related-widget-wrapper-link add-related" id="add_id_owner"')
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:auth_user_add') + '?_popup=1')
        self.assertNotContains(response, 'name="_continue"')
        self.assertNotContains(response, 'name="_addanother"')
        data = {
            'username': 'newuser',
            'password1': 'newpassword',
            'password2': 'newpassword',
            '_popup': '1',
            '_save': '1',
        }
        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:auth_user_add') + '?_popup=1', data, follow=True)
        self.assertContains(response, '&quot;obj&quot;: &quot;newuser&quot;')

    def test_user_fk_change_popup(self):
        """User change through a FK popup should return the appropriate JavaScript response."""
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_album_add'))
        self.assertContains(response, reverse('admin:auth_user_change', args=('__fk__',)))
        self.assertContains(response, 'class="related-widget-wrapper-link change-related" id="change_id_owner"')
        user = User.objects.get(username='changeuser')
        url = reverse('admin:auth_user_change', args=(user.pk,)) + '?_popup=1'
        response = self.client.get(url)
        self.assertNotContains(response, 'name="_continue"')
        self.assertNotContains(response, 'name="_addanother"')
        data = {
            'username': 'newuser',
            'password1': 'newpassword',
            'password2': 'newpassword',
            'last_login_0': '2007-05-30',
            'last_login_1': '13:20:10',
            'date_joined_0': '2007-05-30',
            'date_joined_1': '13:20:10',
            '_popup': '1',
            '_save': '1',
        }
        response = self.client.post(url, data, follow=True)
        self.assertContains(response, '&quot;obj&quot;: &quot;newuser&quot;')
        self.assertContains(response, '&quot;action&quot;: &quot;change&quot;')

    def test_user_fk_delete_popup(self):
        """User deletion through a FK popup should return the appropriate JavaScript response."""
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_album_add'))
        self.assertContains(response, reverse('admin:auth_user_delete', args=('__fk__',)))
        self.assertContains(response, 'class="related-widget-wrapper-link change-related" id="change_id_owner"')
        user = User.objects.get(username='changeuser')
        url = reverse('admin:auth_user_delete', args=(user.pk,)) + '?_popup=1'
        response = self.client.get(url)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        data = {
            'post': 'yes',
            '_popup': '1',
        }
        response = self.client.post(url, data, follow=True)
        self.assertContains(response, '&quot;action&quot;: &quot;delete&quot;')

    def test_save_add_another_button(self):
        user_count = User.objects.count()
        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:auth_user_add'), {
            'username': 'newuser',
            'password1': 'newpassword',
            'password2': 'newpassword',
            '_addanother': '1',
        })
        new_user = User.objects.order_by('-id')[0]
        self.assertRedirects(response, reverse('admin:auth_user_add'))
        self.assertEqual(User.objects.count(), user_count + 1)
        self.assertTrue(new_user.has_usable_password())

    def test_user_permission_performance(self):
        u = User.objects.all()[0]

        # Don't depend on a warm cache, see #17377.
        ContentType.objects.clear_cache()

        with self.assertNumQueries(10):
            response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:auth_user_change', args=(u.pk,)))
            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

    def test_form_url_present_in_context(self):
        u = User.objects.all()[0]
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin3:auth_user_password_change', args=(u.pk,)))
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        self.assertEqual(response.context['form_url'], 'pony')


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='admin_views.urls')
class GroupAdminTest(TestCase):
    """
    Tests group CRUD functionality.
    """

    @classmethod
    def setUpTestData(cls):
        cls.superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username='super', password='secret', email='super@example.com')

    def setUp(self):
        self.client.force_login(self.superuser)

    def test_save_button(self):
        group_count = Group.objects.count()
        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:auth_group_add'), {
            'name': 'newgroup',
        })

        Group.objects.order_by('-id')[0]
        self.assertRedirects(response, reverse('admin:auth_group_changelist'))
        self.assertEqual(Group.objects.count(), group_count + 1)

    def test_group_permission_performance(self):
        g = Group.objects.create(name="test_group")

        # Ensure no queries are skipped due to cached content type for Group.
        ContentType.objects.clear_cache()

        with self.assertNumQueries(8):
            response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:auth_group_change', args=(g.pk,)))
            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='admin_views.urls')
class CSSTest(TestCase):

    @classmethod
    def setUpTestData(cls):
        cls.superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username='super', password='secret', email='super@example.com')
        cls.s1 = Section.objects.create(name='Test section')
        cls.a1 = Article.objects.create(
            content='<p>Middle content</p>', date=datetime.datetime(2008, 3, 18, 11, 54, 58), section=cls.s1
        )
        cls.a2 = Article.objects.create(
            content='<p>Oldest content</p>', date=datetime.datetime(2000, 3, 18, 11, 54, 58), section=cls.s1
        )
        cls.a3 = Article.objects.create(
            content='<p>Newest content</p>', date=datetime.datetime(2009, 3, 18, 11, 54, 58), section=cls.s1
        )
        cls.p1 = PrePopulatedPost.objects.create(title='A Long Title', published=True, slug='a-long-title')

    def setUp(self):
        self.client.force_login(self.superuser)

    @ignore_warnings(category=RemovedInDjango20Warning)  # for allow_tags deprecation
    def test_field_prefix_css_classes(self):
        """
        Ensure that fields have a CSS class name with a 'field-' prefix.
        Refs #16371.
        """
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_post_add'))

        # The main form
        self.assertContains(response, 'class="form-row field-title"')
        self.assertContains(response, 'class="form-row field-content"')
        self.assertContains(response, 'class="form-row field-public"')
        self.assertContains(response, 'class="form-row field-awesomeness_level"')
        self.assertContains(response, 'class="form-row field-coolness"')
        self.assertContains(response, 'class="form-row field-value"')
        self.assertContains(response, 'class="form-row"')  # The lambda function

        # The tabular inline
        self.assertContains(response, '<td class="field-url">')
        self.assertContains(response, '<td class="field-posted">')

    def test_index_css_classes(self):
        """
        Ensure that CSS class names are used for each app and model on the
        admin index pages.
        Refs #17050.
        """
        # General index page
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:index'))
        self.assertContains(response, '<div class="app-admin_views module">')
        self.assertContains(response, '<tr class="model-actor">')
        self.assertContains(response, '<tr class="model-album">')

        # App index page
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:app_list', args=('admin_views',)))
        self.assertContains(response, '<div class="app-admin_views module">')
        self.assertContains(response, '<tr class="model-actor">')
        self.assertContains(response, '<tr class="model-album">')

    def test_app_model_in_form_body_class(self):
        """
        Ensure app and model tag are correctly read by change_form template
        """
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_section_add'))
        self.assertContains(response, '<body class=" app-admin_views model-section ')

    def test_app_model_in_list_body_class(self):
        """
        Ensure app and model tag are correctly read by change_list template
        """
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_section_changelist'))
        self.assertContains(response, '<body class=" app-admin_views model-section ')

    def test_app_model_in_delete_confirmation_body_class(self):
        """
        Ensure app and model tag are correctly read by delete_confirmation
        template
        """
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_section_delete', args=(self.s1.pk,)))
        self.assertContains(response, '<body class=" app-admin_views model-section ')

    def test_app_model_in_app_index_body_class(self):
        """
        Ensure app and model tag are correctly read by app_index template
        """
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:app_list', args=('admin_views',)))
        self.assertContains(response, '<body class=" dashboard app-admin_views')

    def test_app_model_in_delete_selected_confirmation_body_class(self):
        """
        Ensure app and model tag are correctly read by
        delete_selected_confirmation template
        """
        action_data = {
            ACTION_CHECKBOX_NAME: [1],
            'action': 'delete_selected',
            'index': 0,
        }
        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_section_changelist'), action_data)
        self.assertContains(response, '<body class=" app-admin_views model-section ')

    def test_changelist_field_classes(self):
        """
        Cells of the change list table should contain the field name in their class attribute
        Refs #11195.
        """
        Podcast.objects.create(name="Django Dose", release_date=datetime.date.today())
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_podcast_changelist'))
        self.assertContains(response, '<th class="field-name">')
        self.assertContains(response, '<td class="field-release_date nowrap">')
        self.assertContains(response, '<td class="action-checkbox">')


try:
    import docutils
except ImportError:
    docutils = None


@unittest.skipUnless(docutils, "no docutils installed.")
@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='admin_views.urls')
@modify_settings(INSTALLED_APPS={'append': ['django.contrib.admindocs', 'django.contrib.flatpages']})
class AdminDocsTest(TestCase):

    @classmethod
    def setUpTestData(cls):
        cls.superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username='super', password='secret', email='super@example.com')

    def setUp(self):
        self.client.force_login(self.superuser)

    def test_tags(self):
        response = self.client.get(reverse('django-admindocs-tags'))

        # The builtin tag group exists
        self.assertContains(response, "<h2>Built-in tags</h2>", count=2, html=True)

        # A builtin tag exists in both the index and detail
        self.assertContains(response, '<h3 id="built_in-autoescape">autoescape</h3>', html=True)
        self.assertContains(response, '<li><a href="#built_in-autoescape">autoescape</a></li>', html=True)

        # An app tag exists in both the index and detail
        self.assertContains(response, '<h3 id="flatpages-get_flatpages">get_flatpages</h3>', html=True)
        self.assertContains(response, '<li><a href="#flatpages-get_flatpages">get_flatpages</a></li>', html=True)

        # The admin list tag group exists
        self.assertContains(response, "<h2>admin_list</h2>", count=2, html=True)

        # An admin list tag exists in both the index and detail
        self.assertContains(response, '<h3 id="admin_list-admin_actions">admin_actions</h3>', html=True)
        self.assertContains(response, '<li><a href="#admin_list-admin_actions">admin_actions</a></li>', html=True)

    def test_filters(self):
        response = self.client.get(reverse('django-admindocs-filters'))

        # The builtin filter group exists
        self.assertContains(response, "<h2>Built-in filters</h2>", count=2, html=True)

        # A builtin filter exists in both the index and detail
        self.assertContains(response, '<h3 id="built_in-add">add</h3>', html=True)
        self.assertContains(response, '<li><a href="#built_in-add">add</a></li>', html=True)


@override_settings(
    ROOT_URLCONF='admin_views.urls',
    TEMPLATES=[{
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    }],
    USE_I18N=False,
)
class ValidXHTMLTests(TestCase):

    @classmethod
    def setUpTestData(cls):
        cls.superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username='super', password='secret', email='super@example.com')

    def setUp(self):
        self.client.force_login(self.superuser)

    def test_lang_name_present(self):
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:app_list', args=('admin_views',)))
        self.assertNotContains(response, ' lang=""')
        self.assertNotContains(response, ' xml:lang=""')


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='admin_views.urls', USE_THOUSAND_SEPARATOR=True, USE_L10N=True)
class DateHierarchyTests(TestCase):

    @classmethod
    def setUpTestData(cls):
        cls.superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username='super', password='secret', email='super@example.com')

    def setUp(self):
        self.client.force_login(self.superuser)

    def tearDown(self):
        formats.reset_format_cache()

    def assert_non_localized_year(self, response, year):
        """Ensure that the year is not localized with
        USE_THOUSAND_SEPARATOR. Refs #15234.
        """
        self.assertNotContains(response, formats.number_format(year))

    def assert_contains_year_link(self, response, date):
        self.assertContains(response, '?release_date__year=%d"' % (date.year,))

    def assert_contains_month_link(self, response, date):
        self.assertContains(
            response, '?release_date__month=%d&amp;release_date__year=%d"' % (
                date.month, date.year))

    def assert_contains_day_link(self, response, date):
        self.assertContains(
            response, '?release_date__day=%d&amp;'
            'release_date__month=%d&amp;release_date__year=%d"' % (
                date.day, date.month, date.year))

    def test_empty(self):
        """
        Ensure that no date hierarchy links display with empty changelist.
        """
        response = self.client.get(
            reverse('admin:admin_views_podcast_changelist'))
        self.assertNotContains(response, 'release_date__year=')
        self.assertNotContains(response, 'release_date__month=')
        self.assertNotContains(response, 'release_date__day=')

    def test_single(self):
        """
        Ensure that single day-level date hierarchy appears for single object.
        """
        DATE = datetime.date(2000, 6, 30)
        Podcast.objects.create(release_date=DATE)
        url = reverse('admin:admin_views_podcast_changelist')
        response = self.client.get(url)
        self.assert_contains_day_link(response, DATE)
        self.assert_non_localized_year(response, 2000)

    def test_within_month(self):
        """
        Ensure that day-level links appear for changelist within single month.
        """
        DATES = (datetime.date(2000, 6, 30),
                 datetime.date(2000, 6, 15),
                 datetime.date(2000, 6, 3))
        for date in DATES:
            Podcast.objects.create(release_date=date)
        url = reverse('admin:admin_views_podcast_changelist')
        response = self.client.get(url)
        for date in DATES:
            self.assert_contains_day_link(response, date)
        self.assert_non_localized_year(response, 2000)

    def test_within_year(self):
        """
        Ensure that month-level links appear for changelist within single year.
        """
        DATES = (datetime.date(2000, 1, 30),
                 datetime.date(2000, 3, 15),
                 datetime.date(2000, 5, 3))
        for date in DATES:
            Podcast.objects.create(release_date=date)
        url = reverse('admin:admin_views_podcast_changelist')
        response = self.client.get(url)
        # no day-level links
        self.assertNotContains(response, 'release_date__day=')
        for date in DATES:
            self.assert_contains_month_link(response, date)
        self.assert_non_localized_year(response, 2000)

    def test_multiple_years(self):
        """
        Ensure that year-level links appear for year-spanning changelist.
        """
        DATES = (datetime.date(2001, 1, 30),
                 datetime.date(2003, 3, 15),
                 datetime.date(2005, 5, 3))
        for date in DATES:
            Podcast.objects.create(release_date=date)
        response = self.client.get(
            reverse('admin:admin_views_podcast_changelist'))
        # no day/month-level links
        self.assertNotContains(response, 'release_date__day=')
        self.assertNotContains(response, 'release_date__month=')
        for date in DATES:
            self.assert_contains_year_link(response, date)

        # and make sure GET parameters still behave correctly
        for date in DATES:
            url = '%s?release_date__year=%d' % (
                  reverse('admin:admin_views_podcast_changelist'),
                  date.year)
            response = self.client.get(url)
            self.assert_contains_month_link(response, date)
            self.assert_non_localized_year(response, 2000)
            self.assert_non_localized_year(response, 2003)
            self.assert_non_localized_year(response, 2005)

            url = '%s?release_date__year=%d&release_date__month=%d' % (
                  reverse('admin:admin_views_podcast_changelist'),
                  date.year, date.month)
            response = self.client.get(url)
            self.assert_contains_day_link(response, date)
            self.assert_non_localized_year(response, 2000)
            self.assert_non_localized_year(response, 2003)
            self.assert_non_localized_year(response, 2005)


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='admin_views.urls')
class AdminCustomSaveRelatedTests(TestCase):
    """
    Ensure that one can easily customize the way related objects are saved.
    Refs #16115.
    """

    @classmethod
    def setUpTestData(cls):
        cls.superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username='super', password='secret', email='super@example.com')

    def setUp(self):
        self.client.force_login(self.superuser)

    def test_should_be_able_to_edit_related_objects_on_add_view(self):
        post = {
            'child_set-TOTAL_FORMS': '3',
            'child_set-INITIAL_FORMS': '0',
            'name': 'Josh Stone',
            'child_set-0-name': 'Paul',
            'child_set-1-name': 'Catherine',
        }
        self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_parent_add'), post)
        self.assertEqual(1, Parent.objects.count())
        self.assertEqual(2, Child.objects.count())

        children_names = list(Child.objects.order_by('name').values_list('name', flat=True))

        self.assertEqual('Josh Stone', Parent.objects.latest('id').name)
        self.assertEqual(['Catherine Stone', 'Paul Stone'], children_names)

    def test_should_be_able_to_edit_related_objects_on_change_view(self):
        parent = Parent.objects.create(name='Josh Stone')
        paul = Child.objects.create(parent=parent, name='Paul')
        catherine = Child.objects.create(parent=parent, name='Catherine')
        post = {
            'child_set-TOTAL_FORMS': '5',
            'child_set-INITIAL_FORMS': '2',
            'name': 'Josh Stone',
            'child_set-0-name': 'Paul',
            'child_set-0-id': paul.id,
            'child_set-1-name': 'Catherine',
            'child_set-1-id': catherine.id,
        }
        self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_parent_change', args=(parent.id,)), post)

        children_names = list(Child.objects.order_by('name').values_list('name', flat=True))

        self.assertEqual('Josh Stone', Parent.objects.latest('id').name)
        self.assertEqual(['Catherine Stone', 'Paul Stone'], children_names)

    def test_should_be_able_to_edit_related_objects_on_changelist_view(self):
        parent = Parent.objects.create(name='Josh Rock')
        Child.objects.create(parent=parent, name='Paul')
        Child.objects.create(parent=parent, name='Catherine')
        post = {
            'form-TOTAL_FORMS': '1',
            'form-INITIAL_FORMS': '1',
            'form-MAX_NUM_FORMS': '0',
            'form-0-id': parent.id,
            'form-0-name': 'Josh Stone',
            '_save': 'Save'
        }

        self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_parent_changelist'), post)
        children_names = list(Child.objects.order_by('name').values_list('name', flat=True))

        self.assertEqual('Josh Stone', Parent.objects.latest('id').name)
        self.assertEqual(['Catherine Stone', 'Paul Stone'], children_names)


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='admin_views.urls')
class AdminViewLogoutTests(TestCase):

    @classmethod
    def setUpTestData(cls):
        cls.superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username='super', password='secret', email='super@example.com')

    def test_logout(self):
        self.client.force_login(self.superuser)
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:logout'))
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        self.assertTemplateUsed(response, 'registration/logged_out.html')
        self.assertEqual(response.request['PATH_INFO'], reverse('admin:logout'))
        self.assertFalse(response.context['has_permission'])
        self.assertNotContains(response, 'user-tools')  # user-tools div shouldn't visible.

    def test_client_logout_url_can_be_used_to_login(self):
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:logout'))
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)  # we should be redirected to the login page.

        # follow the redirect and test results.
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:logout'), follow=True)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        self.assertTemplateUsed(response, 'admin/login.html')
        self.assertEqual(response.request['PATH_INFO'], reverse('admin:login'))
        self.assertContains(response, '<input type="hidden" name="next" value="%s" />' % reverse('admin:index'))


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='admin_views.urls')
class AdminUserMessageTest(TestCase):

    @classmethod
    def setUpTestData(cls):
        cls.superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username='super', password='secret', email='super@example.com')

    def setUp(self):
        self.client.force_login(self.superuser)

    def send_message(self, level):
        """
        Helper that sends a post to the dummy test methods and asserts that a
        message with the level has appeared in the response.
        """
        action_data = {
            ACTION_CHECKBOX_NAME: [1],
            'action': 'message_%s' % level,
            'index': 0,
        }

        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_usermessenger_changelist'),
                                    action_data, follow=True)
        self.assertContains(response,
                            '<li class="%s">Test %s</li>' % (level, level),
                            html=True)

    @override_settings(MESSAGE_LEVEL=10)  # Set to DEBUG for this request
    def test_message_debug(self):
        self.send_message('debug')

    def test_message_info(self):
        self.send_message('info')

    def test_message_success(self):
        self.send_message('success')

    def test_message_warning(self):
        self.send_message('warning')

    def test_message_error(self):
        self.send_message('error')

    def test_message_extra_tags(self):
        action_data = {
            ACTION_CHECKBOX_NAME: [1],
            'action': 'message_extra_tags',
            'index': 0,
        }

        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_usermessenger_changelist'),
                                    action_data, follow=True)
        self.assertContains(response,
                            '<li class="extra_tag info">Test tags</li>',
                            html=True)


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='admin_views.urls')
class AdminKeepChangeListFiltersTests(TestCase):
    admin_site = site

    @classmethod
    def setUpTestData(cls):
        cls.superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username='super', password='secret', email='super@example.com')
        cls.joepublicuser = User.objects.create_user(username='joepublic', password='secret')

    def setUp(self):
        self.client.force_login(self.superuser)

    def assertURLEqual(self, url1, url2):
        """
        Assert that two URLs are equal despite the ordering
        of their querystring. Refs #22360.
        """
        parsed_url1 = urlparse(url1)
        path1 = parsed_url1.path
        parsed_qs1 = dict(parse_qsl(parsed_url1.query))

        parsed_url2 = urlparse(url2)
        path2 = parsed_url2.path
        parsed_qs2 = dict(parse_qsl(parsed_url2.query))

        for parsed_qs in [parsed_qs1, parsed_qs2]:
            if '_changelist_filters' in parsed_qs:
                changelist_filters = parsed_qs['_changelist_filters']
                parsed_filters = dict(parse_qsl(changelist_filters))
                parsed_qs['_changelist_filters'] = parsed_filters

        self.assertEqual(path1, path2)
        self.assertEqual(parsed_qs1, parsed_qs2)

    def test_assert_url_equal(self):
        # Test equality.
        change_user_url = reverse('admin:auth_user_change', args=(self.joepublicuser.pk,))
        self.assertURLEqual(
            'http://testserver{}?_changelist_filters=is_staff__exact%3D0%26is_superuser__exact%3D0'.format(
                change_user_url
            ),
            'http://testserver{}?_changelist_filters=is_staff__exact%3D0%26is_superuser__exact%3D0'.format(
                change_user_url
            )
        )

        # Test inequality.
        with self.assertRaises(AssertionError):
            self.assertURLEqual(
                'http://testserver{}?_changelist_filters=is_staff__exact%3D0%26is_superuser__exact%3D0'.format(
                    change_user_url
                ),
                'http://testserver{}?_changelist_filters=is_staff__exact%3D1%26is_superuser__exact%3D1'.format(
                    change_user_url
                )
            )

        # Ignore scheme and host.
        self.assertURLEqual(
            'http://testserver{}?_changelist_filters=is_staff__exact%3D0%26is_superuser__exact%3D0'.format(
                change_user_url
            ),
            '{}?_changelist_filters=is_staff__exact%3D0%26is_superuser__exact%3D0'.format(change_user_url)
        )

        # Ignore ordering of querystring.
        self.assertURLEqual(
            '{}?is_staff__exact=0&is_superuser__exact=0'.format(reverse('admin:auth_user_changelist')),
            '{}?is_superuser__exact=0&is_staff__exact=0'.format(reverse('admin:auth_user_changelist'))
        )

        # Ignore ordering of _changelist_filters.
        self.assertURLEqual(
            '{}?_changelist_filters=is_staff__exact%3D0%26is_superuser__exact%3D0'.format(change_user_url),
            '{}?_changelist_filters=is_superuser__exact%3D0%26is_staff__exact%3D0'.format(change_user_url)
        )

    def get_changelist_filters(self):
        return {
            'is_superuser__exact': 0,
            'is_staff__exact': 0,
        }

    def get_changelist_filters_querystring(self):
        return urlencode(self.get_changelist_filters())

    def get_preserved_filters_querystring(self):
        return urlencode({
            '_changelist_filters': self.get_changelist_filters_querystring()
        })

    def get_sample_user_id(self):
        return self.joepublicuser.pk

    def get_changelist_url(self):
        return '%s?%s' % (
            reverse('admin:auth_user_changelist',
                    current_app=self.admin_site.name),
            self.get_changelist_filters_querystring(),
        )

    def get_add_url(self):
        return '%s?%s' % (
            reverse('admin:auth_user_add',
                    current_app=self.admin_site.name),
            self.get_preserved_filters_querystring(),
        )

    def get_change_url(self, user_id=None):
        if user_id is None:
            user_id = self.get_sample_user_id()
        return "%s?%s" % (
            reverse('admin:auth_user_change', args=(user_id,),
                    current_app=self.admin_site.name),
            self.get_preserved_filters_querystring(),
        )

    def get_history_url(self, user_id=None):
        if user_id is None:
            user_id = self.get_sample_user_id()
        return "%s?%s" % (
            reverse('admin:auth_user_history', args=(user_id,),
                    current_app=self.admin_site.name),
            self.get_preserved_filters_querystring(),
        )

    def get_delete_url(self, user_id=None):
        if user_id is None:
            user_id = self.get_sample_user_id()
        return "%s?%s" % (
            reverse('admin:auth_user_delete', args=(user_id,),
                    current_app=self.admin_site.name),
            self.get_preserved_filters_querystring(),
        )

    def test_changelist_view(self):
        response = self.client.get(self.get_changelist_url())
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

        # Check the `change_view` link has the correct querystring.
        detail_link = re.search(
            '<a href="(.*?)">{}</a>'.format(self.joepublicuser.username),
            force_text(response.content)
        )
        self.assertURLEqual(detail_link.group(1), self.get_change_url())

    def test_change_view(self):
        # Get the `change_view`.
        response = self.client.get(self.get_change_url())
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

        # Check the form action.
        form_action = re.search(
            '<form enctype="multipart/form-data" action="(.*?)" method="post" id="user_form".*?>',
            force_text(response.content)
        )
        self.assertURLEqual(form_action.group(1), '?%s' % self.get_preserved_filters_querystring())

        # Check the history link.
        history_link = re.search(
            '<a href="(.*?)" class="historylink">History</a>',
            force_text(response.content)
        )
        self.assertURLEqual(history_link.group(1), self.get_history_url())

        # Check the delete link.
        delete_link = re.search(
            '<a href="(.*?)" class="deletelink">Delete</a>',
            force_text(response.content)
        )
        self.assertURLEqual(delete_link.group(1), self.get_delete_url())

        # Test redirect on "Save".
        post_data = {
            'username': 'joepublic',
            'last_login_0': '2007-05-30',
            'last_login_1': '13:20:10',
            'date_joined_0': '2007-05-30',
            'date_joined_1': '13:20:10',
        }

        post_data['_save'] = 1
        response = self.client.post(self.get_change_url(), data=post_data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
        self.assertURLEqual(
            response.url,
            self.get_changelist_url()
        )
        post_data.pop('_save')

        # Test redirect on "Save and continue".
        post_data['_continue'] = 1
        response = self.client.post(self.get_change_url(), data=post_data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
        self.assertURLEqual(
            response.url,
            self.get_change_url()
        )
        post_data.pop('_continue')

        # Test redirect on "Save and add new".
        post_data['_addanother'] = 1
        response = self.client.post(self.get_change_url(), data=post_data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
        self.assertURLEqual(
            response.url,
            self.get_add_url()
        )
        post_data.pop('_addanother')

    def test_add_view(self):
        # Get the `add_view`.
        response = self.client.get(self.get_add_url())
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

        # Check the form action.
        form_action = re.search(
            '<form enctype="multipart/form-data" action="(.*?)" method="post" id="user_form".*?>',
            force_text(response.content)
        )
        self.assertURLEqual(form_action.group(1), '?%s' % self.get_preserved_filters_querystring())

        post_data = {
            'username': 'dummy',
            'password1': 'test',
            'password2': 'test',
        }

        # Test redirect on "Save".
        post_data['_save'] = 1
        response = self.client.post(self.get_add_url(), data=post_data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
        self.assertURLEqual(
            response.url,
            self.get_change_url(User.objects.get(username='dummy').pk)
        )
        post_data.pop('_save')

        # Test redirect on "Save and continue".
        post_data['username'] = 'dummy2'
        post_data['_continue'] = 1
        response = self.client.post(self.get_add_url(), data=post_data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
        self.assertURLEqual(
            response.url,
            self.get_change_url(User.objects.get(username='dummy2').pk)
        )
        post_data.pop('_continue')

        # Test redirect on "Save and add new".
        post_data['username'] = 'dummy3'
        post_data['_addanother'] = 1
        response = self.client.post(self.get_add_url(), data=post_data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
        self.assertURLEqual(
            response.url,
            self.get_add_url()
        )
        post_data.pop('_addanother')

    def test_delete_view(self):
        # Test redirect on "Delete".
        response = self.client.post(self.get_delete_url(), {'post': 'yes'})
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
        self.assertURLEqual(
            response.url,
            self.get_changelist_url()
        )

    def test_url_prefix(self):
        context = {
            'preserved_filters': self.get_preserved_filters_querystring(),
            'opts': User._meta,
        }

        url = reverse('admin:auth_user_changelist', current_app=self.admin_site.name)
        self.assertURLEqual(
            self.get_changelist_url(),
            add_preserved_filters(context, url),
        )

        with override_script_prefix('/prefix/'):
            url = reverse('admin:auth_user_changelist', current_app=self.admin_site.name)
            self.assertURLEqual(
                self.get_changelist_url(),
                add_preserved_filters(context, url),
            )


class NamespacedAdminKeepChangeListFiltersTests(AdminKeepChangeListFiltersTests):
    admin_site = site2


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='admin_views.urls')
class TestLabelVisibility(TestCase):
    """ #11277 -Labels of hidden fields in admin were not hidden. """

    @classmethod
    def setUpTestData(cls):
        cls.superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username='super', password='secret', email='super@example.com')

    def setUp(self):
        self.client.force_login(self.superuser)

    def test_all_fields_visible(self):
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_emptymodelvisible_add'))
        self.assert_fieldline_visible(response)
        self.assert_field_visible(response, 'first')
        self.assert_field_visible(response, 'second')

    def test_all_fields_hidden(self):
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_emptymodelhidden_add'))
        self.assert_fieldline_hidden(response)
        self.assert_field_hidden(response, 'first')
        self.assert_field_hidden(response, 'second')

    def test_mixin(self):
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_emptymodelmixin_add'))
        self.assert_fieldline_visible(response)
        self.assert_field_hidden(response, 'first')
        self.assert_field_visible(response, 'second')

    def assert_field_visible(self, response, field_name):
        self.assertContains(response, '<div class="field-box field-%s">' % field_name)

    def assert_field_hidden(self, response, field_name):
        self.assertContains(response, '<div class="field-box field-%s hidden">' % field_name)

    def assert_fieldline_visible(self, response):
        self.assertContains(response, '<div class="form-row field-first field-second">')

    def assert_fieldline_hidden(self, response):
        self.assertContains(response, '<div class="form-row hidden')


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='admin_views.urls')
class AdminViewOnSiteTests(TestCase):

    @classmethod
    def setUpTestData(cls):
        cls.superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username='super', password='secret', email='super@example.com')

        cls.s1 = State.objects.create(name='New York')
        cls.s2 = State.objects.create(name='Illinois')
        cls.s3 = State.objects.create(name='California')
        cls.c1 = City.objects.create(state=cls.s1, name='New York')
        cls.c2 = City.objects.create(state=cls.s2, name='Chicago')
        cls.c3 = City.objects.create(state=cls.s3, name='San Francisco')
        cls.r1 = Restaurant.objects.create(city=cls.c1, name='Italian Pizza')
        cls.r2 = Restaurant.objects.create(city=cls.c1, name='Boulevard')
        cls.r3 = Restaurant.objects.create(city=cls.c2, name='Chinese Dinner')
        cls.r4 = Restaurant.objects.create(city=cls.c2, name='Angels')
        cls.r5 = Restaurant.objects.create(city=cls.c2, name='Take Away')
        cls.r6 = Restaurant.objects.create(city=cls.c3, name='The Unknown Restaurant')
        cls.w1 = Worker.objects.create(work_at=cls.r1, name='Mario', surname='Rossi')
        cls.w2 = Worker.objects.create(work_at=cls.r1, name='Antonio', surname='Bianchi')
        cls.w3 = Worker.objects.create(work_at=cls.r1, name='John', surname='Doe')

    def setUp(self):
        self.client.force_login(self.superuser)

    def test_add_view_form_and_formsets_run_validation(self):
        """
        Issue #20522
        Verifying that if the parent form fails validation, the inlines also
        run validation even if validation is contingent on parent form data
        """
        # The form validation should fail because 'some_required_info' is
        # not included on the parent form, and the family_name of the parent
        # does not match that of the child
        post_data = {"family_name": "Test1",
                     "dependentchild_set-TOTAL_FORMS": "1",
                     "dependentchild_set-INITIAL_FORMS": "0",
                     "dependentchild_set-MAX_NUM_FORMS": "1",
                     "dependentchild_set-0-id": "",
                     "dependentchild_set-0-parent": "",
                     "dependentchild_set-0-family_name": "Test2"}
        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_parentwithdependentchildren_add'),
                                    post_data)

        # just verifying the parent form failed validation, as expected --
        # this isn't the regression test
        self.assertIn('some_required_info', response.context['adminform'].form.errors)

        # actual regression test
        for error_set in response.context['inline_admin_formset'].formset.errors:
            self.assertEqual(['Children must share a family name with their parents in this contrived test case'],
                             error_set.get('__all__'))

    def test_change_view_form_and_formsets_run_validation(self):
        """
        Issue #20522
        Verifying that if the parent form fails validation, the inlines also
        run validation even if validation is contingent on parent form data
        """
        pwdc = ParentWithDependentChildren.objects.create(some_required_info=6,
                                                          family_name="Test1")
        # The form validation should fail because 'some_required_info' is
        # not included on the parent form, and the family_name of the parent
        # does not match that of the child
        post_data = {"family_name": "Test2",
                     "dependentchild_set-TOTAL_FORMS": "1",
                     "dependentchild_set-INITIAL_FORMS": "0",
                     "dependentchild_set-MAX_NUM_FORMS": "1",
                     "dependentchild_set-0-id": "",
                     "dependentchild_set-0-parent": str(pwdc.id),
                     "dependentchild_set-0-family_name": "Test1"}
        response = self.client.post(
            reverse('admin:admin_views_parentwithdependentchildren_change', args=(pwdc.id,)), post_data
        )

        # just verifying the parent form failed validation, as expected --
        # this isn't the regression test
        self.assertIn('some_required_info', response.context['adminform'].form.errors)

        # actual regression test
        for error_set in response.context['inline_admin_formset'].formset.errors:
            self.assertEqual(['Children must share a family name with their parents in this contrived test case'],
                             error_set.get('__all__'))

    def test_check(self):
        "Ensure that the view_on_site value is either a boolean or a callable"
        try:
            admin = CityAdmin(City, AdminSite())
            CityAdmin.view_on_site = True
            self.assertEqual(admin.check(), [])
            CityAdmin.view_on_site = False
            self.assertEqual(admin.check(), [])
            CityAdmin.view_on_site = lambda obj: obj.get_absolute_url()
            self.assertEqual(admin.check(), [])
            CityAdmin.view_on_site = []
            self.assertEqual(admin.check(), [
                Error(
                    "The value of 'view_on_site' must be a callable or a boolean value.",
                    obj=CityAdmin,
                    id='admin.E025',
                ),
            ])
        finally:
            # Restore the original values for the benefit of other tests.
            CityAdmin.view_on_site = True

    def test_false(self):
        "Ensure that the 'View on site' button is not displayed if view_on_site is False"
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_restaurant_change', args=(self.r1.pk,)))
        content_type_pk = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(Restaurant).pk
        self.assertNotContains(response, reverse('admin:view_on_site', args=(content_type_pk, 1)))

    def test_true(self):
        "Ensure that the default behavior is followed if view_on_site is True"
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_city_change', args=(self.c1.pk,)))
        content_type_pk = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(City).pk
        self.assertContains(response, reverse('admin:view_on_site', args=(content_type_pk, self.c1.pk)))

    def test_callable(self):
        "Ensure that the right link is displayed if view_on_site is a callable"
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_worker_change', args=(self.w1.pk,)))
        self.assertContains(response, '"/worker/%s/%s/"' % (self.w1.surname, self.w1.name))

    def test_missing_get_absolute_url(self):
        "Ensure None is returned if model doesn't have get_absolute_url"
        model_admin = ModelAdmin(Worker, None)
        self.assertIsNone(model_admin.get_view_on_site_url(Worker()))


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='admin_views.urls')
class InlineAdminViewOnSiteTest(TestCase):

    @classmethod
    def setUpTestData(cls):
        cls.superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username='super', password='secret', email='super@example.com')

        cls.s1 = State.objects.create(name='New York')
        cls.s2 = State.objects.create(name='Illinois')
        cls.s3 = State.objects.create(name='California')
        cls.c1 = City.objects.create(state=cls.s1, name='New York')
        cls.c2 = City.objects.create(state=cls.s2, name='Chicago')
        cls.c3 = City.objects.create(state=cls.s3, name='San Francisco')
        cls.r1 = Restaurant.objects.create(city=cls.c1, name='Italian Pizza')
        cls.r2 = Restaurant.objects.create(city=cls.c1, name='Boulevard')
        cls.r3 = Restaurant.objects.create(city=cls.c2, name='Chinese Dinner')
        cls.r4 = Restaurant.objects.create(city=cls.c2, name='Angels')
        cls.r5 = Restaurant.objects.create(city=cls.c2, name='Take Away')
        cls.r6 = Restaurant.objects.create(city=cls.c3, name='The Unknown Restaurant')
        cls.w1 = Worker.objects.create(work_at=cls.r1, name='Mario', surname='Rossi')
        cls.w2 = Worker.objects.create(work_at=cls.r1, name='Antonio', surname='Bianchi')
        cls.w3 = Worker.objects.create(work_at=cls.r1, name='John', surname='Doe')

    def setUp(self):
        self.client.force_login(self.superuser)

    def test_false(self):
        "Ensure that the 'View on site' button is not displayed if view_on_site is False"
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_state_change', args=(self.s1.pk,)))
        content_type_pk = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(City).pk
        self.assertNotContains(response, reverse('admin:view_on_site', args=(content_type_pk, self.c1.pk)))

    def test_true(self):
        "Ensure that the 'View on site' button is displayed if view_on_site is True"
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_city_change', args=(self.c1.pk,)))
        content_type_pk = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(Restaurant).pk
        self.assertContains(response, reverse('admin:view_on_site', args=(content_type_pk, self.r1.pk)))

    def test_callable(self):
        "Ensure that the right link is displayed if view_on_site is a callable"
        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_views_restaurant_change', args=(self.r1.pk,)))
        self.assertContains(response, '"/worker_inline/%s/%s/"' % (self.w1.surname, self.w1.name))


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='admin_views.urls')
class TestEtagWithAdminView(SimpleTestCase):
    # See https://code.djangoproject.com/ticket/16003

    def test_admin(self):
        with self.settings(USE_ETAGS=False):
            response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:index'))
            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
            self.assertFalse(response.has_header('ETag'))

        with self.settings(USE_ETAGS=True):
            response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:index'))
            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
            self.assertTrue(response.has_header('ETag'))


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='admin_views.urls')
class GetFormsetsWithInlinesArgumentTest(TestCase):
    """
    #23934 - When adding a new model instance in the admin, the 'obj' argument
    of get_formsets_with_inlines() should be None. When changing, it should be
    equal to the existing model instance.
    The GetFormsetsArgumentCheckingAdmin ModelAdmin throws an exception
    if obj is not None during add_view or obj is None during change_view.
    """

    @classmethod
    def setUpTestData(cls):
        cls.superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username='super', password='secret', email='super@example.com')

    def setUp(self):
        self.client.force_login(self.superuser)

    def test_explicitly_provided_pk(self):
        post_data = {'name': '1'}
        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_explicitlyprovidedpk_add'), post_data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)

        post_data = {'name': '2'}
        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_explicitlyprovidedpk_change', args=(1,)), post_data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)

    def test_implicitly_generated_pk(self):
        post_data = {'name': '1'}
        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_implicitlygeneratedpk_add'), post_data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)

        post_data = {'name': '2'}
        response = self.client.post(reverse('admin:admin_views_implicitlygeneratedpk_change', args=(1,)), post_data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)