django/tests/urlpatterns_reverse/tests.py

"""
Unit tests for reverse URL lookups.
"""

import pickle
import sys
import threading

from admin_scripts.tests import AdminScriptTestCase

from django.conf import settings
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured, ViewDoesNotExist
from django.http import (
    HttpRequest,
    HttpResponsePermanentRedirect,
    HttpResponseRedirect,
    QueryDict,
)
from django.shortcuts import redirect
from django.test import RequestFactory, SimpleTestCase, TestCase, override_settings
from django.test.utils import override_script_prefix
from django.urls import (
    NoReverseMatch,
    Resolver404,
    ResolverMatch,
    URLPattern,
    URLResolver,
    get_callable,
    get_resolver,
    get_urlconf,
    include,
    path,
    re_path,
    resolve,
    reverse,
    reverse_lazy,
)
from django.urls.resolvers import RegexPattern

from . import middleware, urlconf_outer, views
from .utils import URLObject
from .views import empty_view

resolve_test_data = (
    # These entries are in the format:
    #   (path, url_name, app_name, namespace, view_name, func, args, kwargs)
    # Simple case
    (
        "/normal/42/37/",
        "normal-view",
        "",
        "",
        "normal-view",
        views.empty_view,
        (),
        {"arg1": "42", "arg2": "37"},
    ),
    (
        "/view_class/42/37/",
        "view-class",
        "",
        "",
        "view-class",
        views.view_class_instance,
        (),
        {"arg1": "42", "arg2": "37"},
    ),
    (
        "/included/normal/42/37/",
        "inc-normal-view",
        "included_namespace_urls",
        "included_namespace_urls",
        "included_namespace_urls:inc-normal-view",
        views.empty_view,
        (),
        {"arg1": "42", "arg2": "37"},
    ),
    (
        "/included/view_class/42/37/",
        "inc-view-class",
        "included_namespace_urls",
        "included_namespace_urls",
        "included_namespace_urls:inc-view-class",
        views.view_class_instance,
        (),
        {"arg1": "42", "arg2": "37"},
    ),
    # Unnamed args are dropped if you have *any* kwargs in a pattern
    (
        "/mixed_args/42/37/",
        "mixed-args",
        "",
        "",
        "mixed-args",
        views.empty_view,
        (),
        {"extra": True, "arg2": "37"},
    ),
    (
        "/included/mixed_args/42/37/",
        "inc-mixed-args",
        "included_namespace_urls",
        "included_namespace_urls",
        "included_namespace_urls:inc-mixed-args",
        views.empty_view,
        (),
        {"arg2": "37"},
    ),
    (
        "/included/12/mixed_args/42/37/",
        "inc-mixed-args",
        "included_namespace_urls",
        "included_namespace_urls",
        "included_namespace_urls:inc-mixed-args",
        views.empty_view,
        (),
        {"arg2": "37"},
    ),
    # Unnamed views should have None as the url_name. Regression data for #21157.
    (
        "/unnamed/normal/42/37/",
        None,
        "",
        "",
        "urlpatterns_reverse.views.empty_view",
        views.empty_view,
        (),
        {"arg1": "42", "arg2": "37"},
    ),
    (
        "/unnamed/view_class/42/37/",
        None,
        "",
        "",
        "urlpatterns_reverse.views.ViewClass",
        views.view_class_instance,
        (),
        {"arg1": "42", "arg2": "37"},
    ),
    # If you have no kwargs, you get an args list.
    (
        "/no_kwargs/42/37/",
        "no-kwargs",
        "",
        "",
        "no-kwargs",
        views.empty_view,
        ("42", "37"),
        {},
    ),
    (
        "/included/no_kwargs/42/37/",
        "inc-no-kwargs",
        "included_namespace_urls",
        "included_namespace_urls",
        "included_namespace_urls:inc-no-kwargs",
        views.empty_view,
        ("42", "37"),
        {},
    ),
    (
        "/included/12/no_kwargs/42/37/",
        "inc-no-kwargs",
        "included_namespace_urls",
        "included_namespace_urls",
        "included_namespace_urls:inc-no-kwargs",
        views.empty_view,
        ("12", "42", "37"),
        {},
    ),
    # Namespaces
    (
        "/test1/inner/42/37/",
        "urlobject-view",
        "testapp",
        "test-ns1",
        "test-ns1:urlobject-view",
        views.empty_view,
        (),
        {"arg1": "42", "arg2": "37"},
    ),
    (
        "/included/test3/inner/42/37/",
        "urlobject-view",
        "included_namespace_urls:testapp",
        "included_namespace_urls:test-ns3",
        "included_namespace_urls:test-ns3:urlobject-view",
        views.empty_view,
        (),
        {"arg1": "42", "arg2": "37"},
    ),
    (
        "/ns-included1/normal/42/37/",
        "inc-normal-view",
        "included_namespace_urls",
        "inc-ns1",
        "inc-ns1:inc-normal-view",
        views.empty_view,
        (),
        {"arg1": "42", "arg2": "37"},
    ),
    (
        "/included/test3/inner/42/37/",
        "urlobject-view",
        "included_namespace_urls:testapp",
        "included_namespace_urls:test-ns3",
        "included_namespace_urls:test-ns3:urlobject-view",
        views.empty_view,
        (),
        {"arg1": "42", "arg2": "37"},
    ),
    (
        "/default/inner/42/37/",
        "urlobject-view",
        "testapp",
        "testapp",
        "testapp:urlobject-view",
        views.empty_view,
        (),
        {"arg1": "42", "arg2": "37"},
    ),
    (
        "/other2/inner/42/37/",
        "urlobject-view",
        "nodefault",
        "other-ns2",
        "other-ns2:urlobject-view",
        views.empty_view,
        (),
        {"arg1": "42", "arg2": "37"},
    ),
    (
        "/other1/inner/42/37/",
        "urlobject-view",
        "nodefault",
        "other-ns1",
        "other-ns1:urlobject-view",
        views.empty_view,
        (),
        {"arg1": "42", "arg2": "37"},
    ),
    # Nested namespaces
    (
        "/ns-included1/test3/inner/42/37/",
        "urlobject-view",
        "included_namespace_urls:testapp",
        "inc-ns1:test-ns3",
        "inc-ns1:test-ns3:urlobject-view",
        views.empty_view,
        (),
        {"arg1": "42", "arg2": "37"},
    ),
    (
        "/ns-included1/ns-included4/ns-included2/test3/inner/42/37/",
        "urlobject-view",
        "included_namespace_urls:namespace_urls:included_namespace_urls:testapp",
        "inc-ns1:inc-ns4:inc-ns2:test-ns3",
        "inc-ns1:inc-ns4:inc-ns2:test-ns3:urlobject-view",
        views.empty_view,
        (),
        {"arg1": "42", "arg2": "37"},
    ),
    (
        "/app-included/test3/inner/42/37/",
        "urlobject-view",
        "included_namespace_urls:testapp",
        "inc-app:test-ns3",
        "inc-app:test-ns3:urlobject-view",
        views.empty_view,
        (),
        {"arg1": "42", "arg2": "37"},
    ),
    (
        "/app-included/ns-included4/ns-included2/test3/inner/42/37/",
        "urlobject-view",
        "included_namespace_urls:namespace_urls:included_namespace_urls:testapp",
        "inc-app:inc-ns4:inc-ns2:test-ns3",
        "inc-app:inc-ns4:inc-ns2:test-ns3:urlobject-view",
        views.empty_view,
        (),
        {"arg1": "42", "arg2": "37"},
    ),
    # Namespaces capturing variables
    (
        "/inc70/",
        "inner-nothing",
        "included_urls",
        "inc-ns5",
        "inc-ns5:inner-nothing",
        views.empty_view,
        (),
        {"outer": "70"},
    ),
    (
        "/inc78/extra/foobar/",
        "inner-extra",
        "included_urls",
        "inc-ns5",
        "inc-ns5:inner-extra",
        views.empty_view,
        (),
        {"outer": "78", "extra": "foobar"},
    ),
)

test_data = (
    ("places", "/places/3/", [3], {}),
    ("places", "/places/3/", ["3"], {}),
    ("places", NoReverseMatch, ["a"], {}),
    ("places", NoReverseMatch, [], {}),
    ("places?", "/place/", [], {}),
    ("places+", "/places/", [], {}),
    ("places*", "/place/", [], {}),
    ("places2?", "/", [], {}),
    ("places2+", "/places/", [], {}),
    ("places2*", "/", [], {}),
    ("places3", "/places/4/", [4], {}),
    ("places3", "/places/harlem/", ["harlem"], {}),
    ("places3", NoReverseMatch, ["harlem64"], {}),
    ("places4", "/places/3/", [], {"id": 3}),
    ("people", NoReverseMatch, [], {}),
    ("people", "/people/adrian/", ["adrian"], {}),
    ("people", "/people/adrian/", [], {"name": "adrian"}),
    ("people", NoReverseMatch, ["name with spaces"], {}),
    ("people", NoReverseMatch, [], {"name": "name with spaces"}),
    ("people2", "/people/name/", [], {}),
    ("people2a", "/people/name/fred/", ["fred"], {}),
    ("people_backref", "/people/nate-nate/", ["nate"], {}),
    ("people_backref", "/people/nate-nate/", [], {"name": "nate"}),
    ("optional", "/optional/fred/", [], {"name": "fred"}),
    ("optional", "/optional/fred/", ["fred"], {}),
    ("named_optional", "/optional/1/", [1], {}),
    ("named_optional", "/optional/1/", [], {"arg1": 1}),
    ("named_optional", "/optional/1/2/", [1, 2], {}),
    ("named_optional", "/optional/1/2/", [], {"arg1": 1, "arg2": 2}),
    ("named_optional_terminated", "/optional/1/", [1], {}),
    ("named_optional_terminated", "/optional/1/", [], {"arg1": 1}),
    ("named_optional_terminated", "/optional/1/2/", [1, 2], {}),
    ("named_optional_terminated", "/optional/1/2/", [], {"arg1": 1, "arg2": 2}),
    ("hardcoded", "/hardcoded/", [], {}),
    ("hardcoded2", "/hardcoded/doc.pdf", [], {}),
    ("people3", "/people/il/adrian/", [], {"state": "il", "name": "adrian"}),
    ("people3", NoReverseMatch, [], {"state": "il"}),
    ("people3", NoReverseMatch, [], {"name": "adrian"}),
    ("people4", NoReverseMatch, [], {"state": "il", "name": "adrian"}),
    ("people6", "/people/il/test/adrian/", ["il/test", "adrian"], {}),
    ("people6", "/people//adrian/", ["adrian"], {}),
    ("range", "/character_set/a/", [], {}),
    ("range2", "/character_set/x/", [], {}),
    ("price", "/price/$10/", ["10"], {}),
    ("price2", "/price/$10/", ["10"], {}),
    ("price3", "/price/$10/", ["10"], {}),
    (
        "product",
        "/product/chocolate+($2.00)/",
        [],
        {"price": "2.00", "product": "chocolate"},
    ),
    ("headlines", "/headlines/2007.5.21/", [], {"year": 2007, "month": 5, "day": 21}),
    (
        "windows",
        r"/windows_path/C:%5CDocuments%20and%20Settings%5Cspam/",
        [],
        {"drive_name": "C", "path": r"Documents and Settings\spam"},
    ),
    ("special", r"/special_chars/~@+%5C$*%7C/", [r"~@+\$*|"], {}),
    ("special", r"/special_chars/some%20resource/", [r"some resource"], {}),
    ("special", r"/special_chars/10%25%20complete/", [r"10% complete"], {}),
    ("special", r"/special_chars/some%20resource/", [], {"chars": r"some resource"}),
    ("special", r"/special_chars/10%25%20complete/", [], {"chars": r"10% complete"}),
    ("special", NoReverseMatch, [""], {}),
    ("mixed", "/john/0/", [], {"name": "john"}),
    ("repeats", "/repeats/a/", [], {}),
    ("repeats2", "/repeats/aa/", [], {}),
    ("repeats3", "/repeats/aa/", [], {}),
    ("test", "/test/1", [], {}),
    ("inner-nothing", "/outer/42/", [], {"outer": "42"}),
    ("inner-nothing", "/outer/42/", ["42"], {}),
    ("inner-nothing", NoReverseMatch, ["foo"], {}),
    ("inner-extra", "/outer/42/extra/inner/", [], {"extra": "inner", "outer": "42"}),
    ("inner-extra", "/outer/42/extra/inner/", ["42", "inner"], {}),
    ("inner-extra", NoReverseMatch, ["fred", "inner"], {}),
    ("inner-no-kwargs", "/outer-no-kwargs/42/inner-no-kwargs/1/", ["42", "1"], {}),
    ("disjunction", NoReverseMatch, ["foo"], {}),
    ("inner-disjunction", NoReverseMatch, ["10", "11"], {}),
    ("extra-places", "/e-places/10/", ["10"], {}),
    ("extra-people", "/e-people/fred/", ["fred"], {}),
    ("extra-people", "/e-people/fred/", [], {"name": "fred"}),
    ("part", "/part/one/", [], {"value": "one"}),
    ("part", "/prefix/xx/part/one/", [], {"value": "one", "prefix": "xx"}),
    ("part2", "/part2/one/", [], {"value": "one"}),
    ("part2", "/part2/", [], {}),
    ("part2", "/prefix/xx/part2/one/", [], {"value": "one", "prefix": "xx"}),
    ("part2", "/prefix/xx/part2/", [], {"prefix": "xx"}),
    # Tests for nested groups. Nested capturing groups will only work if you
    # *only* supply the correct outer group.
    ("nested-noncapture", "/nested/noncapture/opt", [], {"p": "opt"}),
    ("nested-capture", "/nested/capture/opt/", ["opt/"], {}),
    ("nested-capture", NoReverseMatch, [], {"p": "opt"}),
    ("nested-mixedcapture", "/nested/capture/mixed/opt", ["opt"], {}),
    ("nested-mixedcapture", NoReverseMatch, [], {"p": "opt"}),
    ("nested-namedcapture", "/nested/capture/named/opt/", [], {"outer": "opt/"}),
    ("nested-namedcapture", NoReverseMatch, [], {"outer": "opt/", "inner": "opt"}),
    ("nested-namedcapture", NoReverseMatch, [], {"inner": "opt"}),
    ("non_path_include", "/includes/non_path_include/", [], {}),
    # Tests for #13154
    ("defaults", "/defaults_view1/3/", [], {"arg1": 3, "arg2": 1}),
    ("defaults", "/defaults_view2/3/", [], {"arg1": 3, "arg2": 2}),
    ("defaults", NoReverseMatch, [], {"arg1": 3, "arg2": 3}),
    ("defaults", NoReverseMatch, [], {"arg2": 1}),
    # Security tests
    ("security", "/%2Fexample.com/security/", ["/example.com"], {}),
)


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF="urlpatterns_reverse.no_urls")
class NoURLPatternsTests(SimpleTestCase):
    def test_no_urls_exception(self):
        """
        URLResolver should raise an exception when no urlpatterns exist.
        """
        resolver = URLResolver(RegexPattern(r"^$"), settings.ROOT_URLCONF)

        with self.assertRaisesMessage(
            ImproperlyConfigured,
            "The included URLconf 'urlpatterns_reverse.no_urls' does not "
            "appear to have any patterns in it. If you see the 'urlpatterns' "
            "variable with valid patterns in the file then the issue is "
            "probably caused by a circular import.",
        ):
            getattr(resolver, "url_patterns")


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF="urlpatterns_reverse.urls")
class URLPatternReverse(SimpleTestCase):
    def test_urlpattern_reverse(self):
        for name, expected, args, kwargs in test_data:
            with self.subTest(name=name, args=args, kwargs=kwargs):
                try:
                    got = reverse(name, args=args, kwargs=kwargs)
                except NoReverseMatch:
                    self.assertEqual(NoReverseMatch, expected)
                else:
                    self.assertEqual(got, expected)

    def test_reverse_none(self):
        # Reversing None should raise an error, not return the last un-named view.
        with self.assertRaises(NoReverseMatch):
            reverse(None)

    def test_mixing_args_and_kwargs(self):
        msg = "Don't mix *args and **kwargs in call to reverse()!"
        with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, msg):
            reverse("name", args=["a"], kwargs={"b": "c"})

    @override_script_prefix("/{{invalid}}/")
    def test_prefix_braces(self):
        self.assertEqual(
            "/%7B%7Binvalid%7D%7D/includes/non_path_include/",
            reverse("non_path_include"),
        )

    def test_prefix_parenthesis(self):
        # Parentheses are allowed and should not cause errors or be escaped
        with override_script_prefix("/bogus)/"):
            self.assertEqual(
                "/bogus)/includes/non_path_include/", reverse("non_path_include")
            )
        with override_script_prefix("/(bogus)/"):
            self.assertEqual(
                "/(bogus)/includes/non_path_include/", reverse("non_path_include")
            )

    @override_script_prefix("/bump%20map/")
    def test_prefix_format_char(self):
        self.assertEqual(
            "/bump%2520map/includes/non_path_include/", reverse("non_path_include")
        )

    @override_script_prefix("/%7Eme/")
    def test_non_urlsafe_prefix_with_args(self):
        # Regression for #20022, adjusted for #24013 because ~ is an unreserved
        # character. Tests whether % is escaped.
        self.assertEqual("/%257Eme/places/1/", reverse("places", args=[1]))

    def test_patterns_reported(self):
        # Regression for #17076
        with self.assertRaisesMessage(
            NoReverseMatch, r"1 pattern(s) tried: ['people/(?P<name>\\w+)/$']"
        ):
            # this url exists, but requires an argument
            reverse("people", args=[])

    @override_script_prefix("/script:name/")
    def test_script_name_escaping(self):
        self.assertEqual(
            reverse("optional", args=["foo:bar"]), "/script:name/optional/foo:bar/"
        )

    def test_view_not_found_message(self):
        msg = (
            "Reverse for 'nonexistent-view' not found. 'nonexistent-view' "
            "is not a valid view function or pattern name."
        )
        with self.assertRaisesMessage(NoReverseMatch, msg):
            reverse("nonexistent-view")

    def test_no_args_message(self):
        msg = "Reverse for 'places' with no arguments not found. 1 pattern(s) tried:"
        with self.assertRaisesMessage(NoReverseMatch, msg):
            reverse("places")

    def test_illegal_args_message(self):
        msg = (
            "Reverse for 'places' with arguments '(1, 2)' not found. 1 pattern(s) "
            "tried:"
        )
        with self.assertRaisesMessage(NoReverseMatch, msg):
            reverse("places", args=(1, 2))

    def test_illegal_kwargs_message(self):
        msg = (
            "Reverse for 'places' with keyword arguments '{'arg1': 2}' not found. 1 "
            "pattern(s) tried:"
        )
        with self.assertRaisesMessage(NoReverseMatch, msg):
            reverse("places", kwargs={"arg1": 2})

    def test_view_func_from_cbv(self):
        expected = "/hello/world/"
        url = reverse(views.view_func_from_cbv, kwargs={"name": "world"})
        self.assertEqual(url, expected)

    def test_view_func_from_cbv_no_expected_kwarg(self):
        with self.assertRaises(NoReverseMatch):
            reverse(views.view_func_from_cbv)

    def test_reverse_with_query(self):
        self.assertEqual(
            reverse("test", query={"hello": "world", "foo": 123}),
            "/test/1?hello=world&foo=123",
        )

    def test_reverse_with_query_sequences(self):
        cases = [
            [("hello", "world"), ("foo", 123), ("foo", 456)],
            (("hello", "world"), ("foo", 123), ("foo", 456)),
            {"hello": "world", "foo": (123, 456)},
        ]
        for query in cases:
            with self.subTest(query=query):
                self.assertEqual(
                    reverse("test", query=query), "/test/1?hello=world&foo=123&foo=456"
                )

    def test_reverse_with_fragment(self):
        self.assertEqual(reverse("test", fragment="tab-1"), "/test/1#tab-1")

    def test_reverse_with_fragment_not_encoded(self):
        self.assertEqual(
            reverse("test", fragment="tab 1 is the best!"), "/test/1#tab 1 is the best!"
        )

    def test_reverse_with_query_and_fragment(self):
        self.assertEqual(
            reverse("test", query={"hello": "world", "foo": 123}, fragment="tab-1"),
            "/test/1?hello=world&foo=123#tab-1",
        )

    def test_reverse_with_empty_fragment(self):
        self.assertEqual(reverse("test", fragment=None), "/test/1")
        self.assertEqual(reverse("test", fragment=""), "/test/1#")

    def test_reverse_with_invalid_fragment(self):
        cases = [0, False, {}, [], set(), ()]
        for fragment in cases:
            with self.subTest(fragment=fragment):
                with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
                    reverse("test", fragment=fragment)

    def test_reverse_with_empty_query(self):
        cases = [None, "", {}, [], set(), (), QueryDict()]
        for query in cases:
            with self.subTest(query=query):
                self.assertEqual(reverse("test", query=query), "/test/1")

    def test_reverse_with_invalid_query(self):
        cases = [0, False, [1, 3, 5], {1, 2, 3}]
        for query in cases:
            with self.subTest(query=query):
                with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
                    print(reverse("test", query=query))

    def test_reverse_encodes_query_string(self):
        self.assertEqual(
            reverse(
                "test",
                query={
                    "hello world": "django project",
                    "foo": [123, 456],
                    "@invalid": ["?", "!", "a b"],
                },
            ),
            "/test/1?hello+world=django+project&foo=123&foo=456"
            "&%40invalid=%3F&%40invalid=%21&%40invalid=a+b",
        )

    def test_reverse_with_query_from_querydict(self):
        query_string = "a=1&b=2&b=3&c=4"
        query_dict = QueryDict(query_string)
        self.assertEqual(reverse("test", query=query_dict), f"/test/1?{query_string}")


class ResolverTests(SimpleTestCase):
    def test_resolver_repr(self):
        """
        Test repr of URLResolver, especially when urlconf_name is a list
        (#17892).
        """
        # Pick a resolver from a namespaced URLconf
        resolver = get_resolver("urlpatterns_reverse.namespace_urls")
        sub_resolver = resolver.namespace_dict["test-ns1"][1]
        self.assertIn("<URLPattern list>", repr(sub_resolver))

    def test_reverse_lazy_object_coercion_by_resolve(self):
        """
        Verifies lazy object returned by reverse_lazy is coerced to
        text by resolve(). Previous to #21043, this would raise a TypeError.
        """
        urls = "urlpatterns_reverse.named_urls"
        proxy_url = reverse_lazy("named-url1", urlconf=urls)
        resolver = get_resolver(urls)
        resolver.resolve(proxy_url)

    def test_resolver_reverse(self):
        resolver = get_resolver("urlpatterns_reverse.named_urls")
        test_urls = [
            # (name, args, kwargs, expected)
            ("named-url1", (), {}, ""),
            ("named-url2", ("arg",), {}, "extra/arg/"),
            ("named-url2", (), {"extra": "arg"}, "extra/arg/"),
        ]
        for name, args, kwargs, expected in test_urls:
            with self.subTest(name=name, args=args, kwargs=kwargs):
                self.assertEqual(resolver.reverse(name, *args, **kwargs), expected)

    def test_resolver_reverse_conflict(self):
        """
        URL pattern name arguments don't need to be unique. The last registered
        pattern takes precedence for conflicting names.
        """
        resolver = get_resolver("urlpatterns_reverse.named_urls_conflict")
        test_urls = [
            # (name, args, kwargs, expected)
            # Without arguments, the last URL in urlpatterns has precedence.
            ("name-conflict", (), {}, "conflict/"),
            # With an arg, the last URL in urlpatterns has precedence.
            ("name-conflict", ("arg",), {}, "conflict-last/arg/"),
            # With a kwarg, other URL patterns can be reversed.
            ("name-conflict", (), {"first": "arg"}, "conflict-first/arg/"),
            ("name-conflict", (), {"middle": "arg"}, "conflict-middle/arg/"),
            ("name-conflict", (), {"last": "arg"}, "conflict-last/arg/"),
            # The number and order of the arguments don't interfere with reversing.
            ("name-conflict", ("arg", "arg"), {}, "conflict/arg/arg/"),
        ]
        for name, args, kwargs, expected in test_urls:
            with self.subTest(name=name, args=args, kwargs=kwargs):
                self.assertEqual(resolver.reverse(name, *args, **kwargs), expected)

    def test_non_regex(self):
        """
        A Resolver404 is raised if resolving doesn't meet the basic
        requirements of a path to match - i.e., at the very least, it matches
        the root pattern '^/'. Never return None from resolve() to prevent a
        TypeError from occurring later (#10834).
        """
        test_urls = ["", "a", "\\", "."]
        for path_ in test_urls:
            with self.subTest(path=path_):
                with self.assertRaises(Resolver404):
                    resolve(path_)

    def test_404_tried_urls_have_names(self):
        """
        The list of URLs that come back from a Resolver404 exception contains
        a list in the right format for printing out in the DEBUG 404 page with
        both the patterns and URL names, if available.
        """
        urls = "urlpatterns_reverse.named_urls"
        # this list matches the expected URL types and names returned when
        # you try to resolve a nonexistent URL in the first level of included
        # URLs in named_urls.py (e.g., '/included/nonexistent-url')
        url_types_names = [
            [{"type": URLPattern, "name": "named-url1"}],
            [{"type": URLPattern, "name": "named-url2"}],
            [{"type": URLPattern, "name": None}],
            [{"type": URLResolver}, {"type": URLPattern, "name": "named-url3"}],
            [{"type": URLResolver}, {"type": URLPattern, "name": "named-url4"}],
            [{"type": URLResolver}, {"type": URLPattern, "name": None}],
            [{"type": URLResolver}, {"type": URLResolver}],
        ]
        with self.assertRaisesMessage(Resolver404, "tried") as cm:
            resolve("/included/nonexistent-url", urlconf=urls)
        e = cm.exception
        # make sure we at least matched the root ('/') url resolver:
        self.assertIn("tried", e.args[0])
        self.assertEqual(
            len(e.args[0]["tried"]),
            len(url_types_names),
            "Wrong number of tried URLs returned.  Expected %s, got %s."
            % (len(url_types_names), len(e.args[0]["tried"])),
        )
        for tried, expected in zip(e.args[0]["tried"], url_types_names):
            for t, e in zip(tried, expected):
                with self.subTest(t):
                    self.assertIsInstance(
                        t, e["type"]
                    ), "%s is not an instance of %s" % (t, e["type"])
                    if "name" in e:
                        if not e["name"]:
                            self.assertIsNone(
                                t.name, "Expected no URL name but found %s." % t.name
                            )
                        else:
                            self.assertEqual(
                                t.name,
                                e["name"],
                                'Wrong URL name.  Expected "%s", got "%s".'
                                % (e["name"], t.name),
                            )

    def test_namespaced_view_detail(self):
        resolver = get_resolver("urlpatterns_reverse.nested_urls")
        self.assertTrue(resolver._is_callback("urlpatterns_reverse.nested_urls.view1"))
        self.assertTrue(resolver._is_callback("urlpatterns_reverse.nested_urls.view2"))
        self.assertTrue(resolver._is_callback("urlpatterns_reverse.nested_urls.View3"))
        self.assertFalse(resolver._is_callback("urlpatterns_reverse.nested_urls.blub"))

    def test_view_detail_as_method(self):
        # Views which have a class name as part of their path.
        resolver = get_resolver("urlpatterns_reverse.method_view_urls")
        self.assertTrue(
            resolver._is_callback(
                "urlpatterns_reverse.method_view_urls.ViewContainer.method_view"
            )
        )
        self.assertTrue(
            resolver._is_callback(
                "urlpatterns_reverse.method_view_urls.ViewContainer.classmethod_view"
            )
        )

    def test_populate_concurrency(self):
        """
        URLResolver._populate() can be called concurrently, but not more
        than once per thread (#26888).
        """
        resolver = URLResolver(RegexPattern(r"^/"), "urlpatterns_reverse.urls")
        resolver._local.populating = True
        thread = threading.Thread(target=resolver._populate)
        thread.start()
        thread.join()
        self.assertNotEqual(resolver._reverse_dict, {})


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF="urlpatterns_reverse.reverse_lazy_urls")
class ReverseLazyTest(TestCase):
    def test_redirect_with_lazy_reverse(self):
        response = self.client.get("/redirect/")
        self.assertRedirects(response, "/redirected_to/", status_code=302)

    def test_user_permission_with_lazy_reverse(self):
        alfred = User.objects.create_user(
            "alfred", "alfred@example.com", password="testpw"
        )
        response = self.client.get("/login_required_view/")
        self.assertRedirects(
            response, "/login/?next=/login_required_view/", status_code=302
        )
        self.client.force_login(alfred)
        response = self.client.get("/login_required_view/")
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

    def test_inserting_reverse_lazy_into_string(self):
        self.assertEqual(
            "Some URL: %s" % reverse_lazy("some-login-page"), "Some URL: /login/"
        )

    def test_build_absolute_uri(self):
        factory = RequestFactory()
        request = factory.get("/")
        self.assertEqual(
            request.build_absolute_uri(reverse_lazy("some-login-page")),
            "http://testserver/login/",
        )


class ReverseLazySettingsTest(AdminScriptTestCase):
    """
    reverse_lazy can be used in settings without causing a circular
    import error.
    """

    def setUp(self):
        super().setUp()
        self.write_settings(
            "settings.py",
            extra=(
                "from django.urls import reverse_lazy\n"
                "LOGIN_URL = reverse_lazy('login')"
            ),
        )

    def test_lazy_in_settings(self):
        out, err = self.run_manage(["check"])
        self.assertNoOutput(err)


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF="urlpatterns_reverse.urls")
class ReverseShortcutTests(SimpleTestCase):
    def test_redirect_to_object(self):
        # We don't really need a model; just something with a get_absolute_url
        class FakeObj:
            def get_absolute_url(self):
                return "/hi-there/"

        res = redirect(FakeObj())
        self.assertIsInstance(res, HttpResponseRedirect)
        self.assertEqual(res.url, "/hi-there/")

        res = redirect(FakeObj(), permanent=True)
        self.assertIsInstance(res, HttpResponsePermanentRedirect)
        self.assertEqual(res.url, "/hi-there/")

    def test_redirect_to_view_name(self):
        res = redirect("hardcoded2")
        self.assertEqual(res.url, "/hardcoded/doc.pdf")
        res = redirect("places", 1)
        self.assertEqual(res.url, "/places/1/")
        res = redirect("headlines", year="2008", month="02", day="17")
        self.assertEqual(res.url, "/headlines/2008.02.17/")
        with self.assertRaises(NoReverseMatch):
            redirect("not-a-view")

    def test_redirect_to_url(self):
        res = redirect("/foo/")
        self.assertEqual(res.url, "/foo/")
        res = redirect("http://example.com/")
        self.assertEqual(res.url, "http://example.com/")
        # Assert that we can redirect using UTF-8 strings
        res = redirect("/æøå/abc/")
        self.assertEqual(res.url, "/%C3%A6%C3%B8%C3%A5/abc/")
        # Assert that no imports are attempted when dealing with a relative path
        # (previously, the below would resolve in a UnicodeEncodeError from __import__ )
        res = redirect("/æøå.abc/")
        self.assertEqual(res.url, "/%C3%A6%C3%B8%C3%A5.abc/")
        res = redirect("os.path")
        self.assertEqual(res.url, "os.path")

    def test_no_illegal_imports(self):
        # modules that are not listed in urlpatterns should not be importable
        redirect("urlpatterns_reverse.nonimported_module.view")
        self.assertNotIn("urlpatterns_reverse.nonimported_module", sys.modules)

    def test_reverse_by_path_nested(self):
        # Views added to urlpatterns using include() should be reversible.
        from .views import nested_view

        self.assertEqual(reverse(nested_view), "/includes/nested_path/")

    def test_redirect_view_object(self):
        from .views import absolute_kwargs_view

        res = redirect(absolute_kwargs_view)
        self.assertEqual(res.url, "/absolute_arg_view/")
        with self.assertRaises(NoReverseMatch):
            redirect(absolute_kwargs_view, wrong_argument=None)


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF="urlpatterns_reverse.namespace_urls")
class NamespaceTests(SimpleTestCase):
    def test_ambiguous_object(self):
        """
        Names deployed via dynamic URL objects that require namespaces can't
        be resolved.
        """
        test_urls = [
            ("urlobject-view", [], {}),
            ("urlobject-view", [37, 42], {}),
            ("urlobject-view", [], {"arg1": 42, "arg2": 37}),
        ]
        for name, args, kwargs in test_urls:
            with self.subTest(name=name, args=args, kwargs=kwargs):
                with self.assertRaises(NoReverseMatch):
                    reverse(name, args=args, kwargs=kwargs)

    def test_ambiguous_urlpattern(self):
        """
        Names deployed via dynamic URL objects that require namespaces can't
        be resolved.
        """
        test_urls = [
            ("inner-nothing", [], {}),
            ("inner-nothing", [37, 42], {}),
            ("inner-nothing", [], {"arg1": 42, "arg2": 37}),
        ]
        for name, args, kwargs in test_urls:
            with self.subTest(name=name, args=args, kwargs=kwargs):
                with self.assertRaises(NoReverseMatch):
                    reverse(name, args=args, kwargs=kwargs)

    def test_non_existent_namespace(self):
        """Nonexistent namespaces raise errors."""
        test_urls = [
            "blahblah:urlobject-view",
            "test-ns1:blahblah:urlobject-view",
        ]
        for name in test_urls:
            with self.subTest(name=name):
                with self.assertRaises(NoReverseMatch):
                    reverse(name)

    def test_normal_name(self):
        """Normal lookups work as expected."""
        test_urls = [
            ("normal-view", [], {}, "/normal/"),
            ("normal-view", [37, 42], {}, "/normal/37/42/"),
            ("normal-view", [], {"arg1": 42, "arg2": 37}, "/normal/42/37/"),
            ("special-view", [], {}, "/+%5C$*/"),
        ]
        for name, args, kwargs, expected in test_urls:
            with self.subTest(name=name, args=args, kwargs=kwargs):
                self.assertEqual(reverse(name, args=args, kwargs=kwargs), expected)

    def test_simple_included_name(self):
        """Normal lookups work on names included from other patterns."""
        test_urls = [
            ("included_namespace_urls:inc-normal-view", [], {}, "/included/normal/"),
            (
                "included_namespace_urls:inc-normal-view",
                [37, 42],
                {},
                "/included/normal/37/42/",
            ),
            (
                "included_namespace_urls:inc-normal-view",
                [],
                {"arg1": 42, "arg2": 37},
                "/included/normal/42/37/",
            ),
            ("included_namespace_urls:inc-special-view", [], {}, "/included/+%5C$*/"),
        ]
        for name, args, kwargs, expected in test_urls:
            with self.subTest(name=name, args=args, kwargs=kwargs):
                self.assertEqual(reverse(name, args=args, kwargs=kwargs), expected)

    def test_namespace_object(self):
        """Dynamic URL objects can be found using a namespace."""
        test_urls = [
            ("test-ns1:urlobject-view", [], {}, "/test1/inner/"),
            ("test-ns1:urlobject-view", [37, 42], {}, "/test1/inner/37/42/"),
            (
                "test-ns1:urlobject-view",
                [],
                {"arg1": 42, "arg2": 37},
                "/test1/inner/42/37/",
            ),
            ("test-ns1:urlobject-special-view", [], {}, "/test1/inner/+%5C$*/"),
        ]
        for name, args, kwargs, expected in test_urls:
            with self.subTest(name=name, args=args, kwargs=kwargs):
                self.assertEqual(reverse(name, args=args, kwargs=kwargs), expected)

    def test_app_object(self):
        """
        Dynamic URL objects can return a (pattern, app_name) 2-tuple, and
        include() can set the namespace.
        """
        test_urls = [
            ("new-ns1:urlobject-view", [], {}, "/newapp1/inner/"),
            ("new-ns1:urlobject-view", [37, 42], {}, "/newapp1/inner/37/42/"),
            (
                "new-ns1:urlobject-view",
                [],
                {"arg1": 42, "arg2": 37},
                "/newapp1/inner/42/37/",
            ),
            ("new-ns1:urlobject-special-view", [], {}, "/newapp1/inner/+%5C$*/"),
        ]
        for name, args, kwargs, expected in test_urls:
            with self.subTest(name=name, args=args, kwargs=kwargs):
                self.assertEqual(reverse(name, args=args, kwargs=kwargs), expected)

    def test_app_object_default_namespace(self):
        """
        Namespace defaults to app_name when including a (pattern, app_name)
        2-tuple.
        """
        test_urls = [
            ("newapp:urlobject-view", [], {}, "/new-default/inner/"),
            ("newapp:urlobject-view", [37, 42], {}, "/new-default/inner/37/42/"),
            (
                "newapp:urlobject-view",
                [],
                {"arg1": 42, "arg2": 37},
                "/new-default/inner/42/37/",
            ),
            ("newapp:urlobject-special-view", [], {}, "/new-default/inner/+%5C$*/"),
        ]
        for name, args, kwargs, expected in test_urls:
            with self.subTest(name=name, args=args, kwargs=kwargs):
                self.assertEqual(reverse(name, args=args, kwargs=kwargs), expected)

    def test_embedded_namespace_object(self):
        """Namespaces can be installed anywhere in the URL pattern tree."""
        test_urls = [
            (
                "included_namespace_urls:test-ns3:urlobject-view",
                [],
                {},
                "/included/test3/inner/",
            ),
            (
                "included_namespace_urls:test-ns3:urlobject-view",
                [37, 42],
                {},
                "/included/test3/inner/37/42/",
            ),
            (
                "included_namespace_urls:test-ns3:urlobject-view",
                [],
                {"arg1": 42, "arg2": 37},
                "/included/test3/inner/42/37/",
            ),
            (
                "included_namespace_urls:test-ns3:urlobject-special-view",
                [],
                {},
                "/included/test3/inner/+%5C$*/",
            ),
        ]
        for name, args, kwargs, expected in test_urls:
            with self.subTest(name=name, args=args, kwargs=kwargs):
                self.assertEqual(reverse(name, args=args, kwargs=kwargs), expected)

    def test_namespace_pattern(self):
        """Namespaces can be applied to include()'d urlpatterns."""
        test_urls = [
            ("inc-ns1:inc-normal-view", [], {}, "/ns-included1/normal/"),
            ("inc-ns1:inc-normal-view", [37, 42], {}, "/ns-included1/normal/37/42/"),
            (
                "inc-ns1:inc-normal-view",
                [],
                {"arg1": 42, "arg2": 37},
                "/ns-included1/normal/42/37/",
            ),
            ("inc-ns1:inc-special-view", [], {}, "/ns-included1/+%5C$*/"),
        ]
        for name, args, kwargs, expected in test_urls:
            with self.subTest(name=name, args=args, kwargs=kwargs):
                self.assertEqual(reverse(name, args=args, kwargs=kwargs), expected)

    def test_app_name_pattern(self):
        """
        Namespaces can be applied to include()'d urlpatterns that set an
        app_name attribute.
        """
        test_urls = [
            ("app-ns1:inc-normal-view", [], {}, "/app-included1/normal/"),
            ("app-ns1:inc-normal-view", [37, 42], {}, "/app-included1/normal/37/42/"),
            (
                "app-ns1:inc-normal-view",
                [],
                {"arg1": 42, "arg2": 37},
                "/app-included1/normal/42/37/",
            ),
            ("app-ns1:inc-special-view", [], {}, "/app-included1/+%5C$*/"),
        ]
        for name, args, kwargs, expected in test_urls:
            with self.subTest(name=name, args=args, kwargs=kwargs):
                self.assertEqual(reverse(name, args=args, kwargs=kwargs), expected)

    def test_namespace_pattern_with_variable_prefix(self):
        """
        Using include() with namespaces when there is a regex variable in front
        of it.
        """
        test_urls = [
            ("inc-outer:inc-normal-view", [], {"outer": 42}, "/ns-outer/42/normal/"),
            ("inc-outer:inc-normal-view", [42], {}, "/ns-outer/42/normal/"),
            (
                "inc-outer:inc-normal-view",
                [],
                {"arg1": 37, "arg2": 4, "outer": 42},
                "/ns-outer/42/normal/37/4/",
            ),
            ("inc-outer:inc-normal-view", [42, 37, 4], {}, "/ns-outer/42/normal/37/4/"),
            ("inc-outer:inc-special-view", [], {"outer": 42}, "/ns-outer/42/+%5C$*/"),
            ("inc-outer:inc-special-view", [42], {}, "/ns-outer/42/+%5C$*/"),
        ]
        for name, args, kwargs, expected in test_urls:
            with self.subTest(name=name, args=args, kwargs=kwargs):
                self.assertEqual(reverse(name, args=args, kwargs=kwargs), expected)

    def test_multiple_namespace_pattern(self):
        """Namespaces can be embedded."""
        test_urls = [
            ("inc-ns1:test-ns3:urlobject-view", [], {}, "/ns-included1/test3/inner/"),
            (
                "inc-ns1:test-ns3:urlobject-view",
                [37, 42],
                {},
                "/ns-included1/test3/inner/37/42/",
            ),
            (
                "inc-ns1:test-ns3:urlobject-view",
                [],
                {"arg1": 42, "arg2": 37},
                "/ns-included1/test3/inner/42/37/",
            ),
            (
                "inc-ns1:test-ns3:urlobject-special-view",
                [],
                {},
                "/ns-included1/test3/inner/+%5C$*/",
            ),
        ]
        for name, args, kwargs, expected in test_urls:
            with self.subTest(name=name, args=args, kwargs=kwargs):
                self.assertEqual(reverse(name, args=args, kwargs=kwargs), expected)

    def test_nested_namespace_pattern(self):
        """Namespaces can be nested."""
        test_urls = [
            (
                "inc-ns1:inc-ns4:inc-ns1:test-ns3:urlobject-view",
                [],
                {},
                "/ns-included1/ns-included4/ns-included1/test3/inner/",
            ),
            (
                "inc-ns1:inc-ns4:inc-ns1:test-ns3:urlobject-view",
                [37, 42],
                {},
                "/ns-included1/ns-included4/ns-included1/test3/inner/37/42/",
            ),
            (
                "inc-ns1:inc-ns4:inc-ns1:test-ns3:urlobject-view",
                [],
                {"arg1": 42, "arg2": 37},
                "/ns-included1/ns-included4/ns-included1/test3/inner/42/37/",
            ),
            (
                "inc-ns1:inc-ns4:inc-ns1:test-ns3:urlobject-special-view",
                [],
                {},
                "/ns-included1/ns-included4/ns-included1/test3/inner/+%5C$*/",
            ),
        ]
        for name, args, kwargs, expected in test_urls:
            with self.subTest(name=name, args=args, kwargs=kwargs):
                self.assertEqual(reverse(name, args=args, kwargs=kwargs), expected)

    def test_app_lookup_object(self):
        """A default application namespace can be used for lookup."""
        test_urls = [
            ("testapp:urlobject-view", [], {}, "/default/inner/"),
            ("testapp:urlobject-view", [37, 42], {}, "/default/inner/37/42/"),
            (
                "testapp:urlobject-view",
                [],
                {"arg1": 42, "arg2": 37},
                "/default/inner/42/37/",
            ),
            ("testapp:urlobject-special-view", [], {}, "/default/inner/+%5C$*/"),
        ]
        for name, args, kwargs, expected in test_urls:
            with self.subTest(name=name, args=args, kwargs=kwargs):
                self.assertEqual(reverse(name, args=args, kwargs=kwargs), expected)

    def test_app_lookup_object_with_default(self):
        """A default application namespace is sensitive to the current app."""
        test_urls = [
            ("testapp:urlobject-view", [], {}, "test-ns3", "/default/inner/"),
            (
                "testapp:urlobject-view",
                [37, 42],
                {},
                "test-ns3",
                "/default/inner/37/42/",
            ),
            (
                "testapp:urlobject-view",
                [],
                {"arg1": 42, "arg2": 37},
                "test-ns3",
                "/default/inner/42/37/",
            ),
            (
                "testapp:urlobject-special-view",
                [],
                {},
                "test-ns3",
                "/default/inner/+%5C$*/",
            ),
        ]
        for name, args, kwargs, current_app, expected in test_urls:
            with self.subTest(
                name=name, args=args, kwargs=kwargs, current_app=current_app
            ):
                self.assertEqual(
                    reverse(name, args=args, kwargs=kwargs, current_app=current_app),
                    expected,
                )

    def test_app_lookup_object_without_default(self):
        """
        An application namespace without a default is sensitive to the current
        app.
        """
        test_urls = [
            ("nodefault:urlobject-view", [], {}, None, "/other2/inner/"),
            ("nodefault:urlobject-view", [37, 42], {}, None, "/other2/inner/37/42/"),
            (
                "nodefault:urlobject-view",
                [],
                {"arg1": 42, "arg2": 37},
                None,
                "/other2/inner/42/37/",
            ),
            ("nodefault:urlobject-special-view", [], {}, None, "/other2/inner/+%5C$*/"),
            ("nodefault:urlobject-view", [], {}, "other-ns1", "/other1/inner/"),
            (
                "nodefault:urlobject-view",
                [37, 42],
                {},
                "other-ns1",
                "/other1/inner/37/42/",
            ),
            (
                "nodefault:urlobject-view",
                [],
                {"arg1": 42, "arg2": 37},
                "other-ns1",
                "/other1/inner/42/37/",
            ),
            (
                "nodefault:urlobject-special-view",
                [],
                {},
                "other-ns1",
                "/other1/inner/+%5C$*/",
            ),
        ]
        for name, args, kwargs, current_app, expected in test_urls:
            with self.subTest(
                name=name, args=args, kwargs=kwargs, current_app=current_app
            ):
                self.assertEqual(
                    reverse(name, args=args, kwargs=kwargs, current_app=current_app),
                    expected,
                )

    def test_special_chars_namespace(self):
        test_urls = [
            (
                "special:included_namespace_urls:inc-normal-view",
                [],
                {},
                "/+%5C$*/included/normal/",
            ),
            (
                "special:included_namespace_urls:inc-normal-view",
                [37, 42],
                {},
                "/+%5C$*/included/normal/37/42/",
            ),
            (
                "special:included_namespace_urls:inc-normal-view",
                [],
                {"arg1": 42, "arg2": 37},
                "/+%5C$*/included/normal/42/37/",
            ),
            (
                "special:included_namespace_urls:inc-special-view",
                [],
                {},
                "/+%5C$*/included/+%5C$*/",
            ),
        ]
        for name, args, kwargs, expected in test_urls:
            with self.subTest(name=name, args=args, kwargs=kwargs):
                self.assertEqual(reverse(name, args=args, kwargs=kwargs), expected)

    def test_namespaces_with_variables(self):
        """Namespace prefixes can capture variables."""
        test_urls = [
            ("inc-ns5:inner-nothing", [], {"outer": "70"}, "/inc70/"),
            (
                "inc-ns5:inner-extra",
                [],
                {"extra": "foobar", "outer": "78"},
                "/inc78/extra/foobar/",
            ),
            ("inc-ns5:inner-nothing", ["70"], {}, "/inc70/"),
            ("inc-ns5:inner-extra", ["78", "foobar"], {}, "/inc78/extra/foobar/"),
        ]
        for name, args, kwargs, expected in test_urls:
            with self.subTest(name=name, args=args, kwargs=kwargs):
                self.assertEqual(reverse(name, args=args, kwargs=kwargs), expected)

    def test_nested_app_lookup(self):
        """
        A nested current_app should be split in individual namespaces (#24904).
        """
        test_urls = [
            (
                "inc-ns1:testapp:urlobject-view",
                [],
                {},
                None,
                "/ns-included1/test4/inner/",
            ),
            (
                "inc-ns1:testapp:urlobject-view",
                [37, 42],
                {},
                None,
                "/ns-included1/test4/inner/37/42/",
            ),
            (
                "inc-ns1:testapp:urlobject-view",
                [],
                {"arg1": 42, "arg2": 37},
                None,
                "/ns-included1/test4/inner/42/37/",
            ),
            (
                "inc-ns1:testapp:urlobject-special-view",
                [],
                {},
                None,
                "/ns-included1/test4/inner/+%5C$*/",
            ),
            (
                "inc-ns1:testapp:urlobject-view",
                [],
                {},
                "inc-ns1:test-ns3",
                "/ns-included1/test3/inner/",
            ),
            (
                "inc-ns1:testapp:urlobject-view",
                [37, 42],
                {},
                "inc-ns1:test-ns3",
                "/ns-included1/test3/inner/37/42/",
            ),
            (
                "inc-ns1:testapp:urlobject-view",
                [],
                {"arg1": 42, "arg2": 37},
                "inc-ns1:test-ns3",
                "/ns-included1/test3/inner/42/37/",
            ),
            (
                "inc-ns1:testapp:urlobject-special-view",
                [],
                {},
                "inc-ns1:test-ns3",
                "/ns-included1/test3/inner/+%5C$*/",
            ),
        ]
        for name, args, kwargs, current_app, expected in test_urls:
            with self.subTest(
                name=name, args=args, kwargs=kwargs, current_app=current_app
            ):
                self.assertEqual(
                    reverse(name, args=args, kwargs=kwargs, current_app=current_app),
                    expected,
                )

    def test_current_app_no_partial_match(self):
        """current_app shouldn't be used unless it matches the whole path."""
        test_urls = [
            (
                "inc-ns1:testapp:urlobject-view",
                [],
                {},
                "nonexistent:test-ns3",
                "/ns-included1/test4/inner/",
            ),
            (
                "inc-ns1:testapp:urlobject-view",
                [37, 42],
                {},
                "nonexistent:test-ns3",
                "/ns-included1/test4/inner/37/42/",
            ),
            (
                "inc-ns1:testapp:urlobject-view",
                [],
                {"arg1": 42, "arg2": 37},
                "nonexistent:test-ns3",
                "/ns-included1/test4/inner/42/37/",
            ),
            (
                "inc-ns1:testapp:urlobject-special-view",
                [],
                {},
                "nonexistent:test-ns3",
                "/ns-included1/test4/inner/+%5C$*/",
            ),
        ]
        for name, args, kwargs, current_app, expected in test_urls:
            with self.subTest(
                name=name, args=args, kwargs=kwargs, current_app=current_app
            ):
                self.assertEqual(
                    reverse(name, args=args, kwargs=kwargs, current_app=current_app),
                    expected,
                )


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF=urlconf_outer.__name__)
class RequestURLconfTests(SimpleTestCase):
    def test_urlconf(self):
        response = self.client.get("/test/me/")
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        self.assertEqual(
            response.content, b"outer:/test/me/,inner:/inner_urlconf/second_test/"
        )
        response = self.client.get("/inner_urlconf/second_test/")
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        response = self.client.get("/second_test/")
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 404)

    @override_settings(
        MIDDLEWARE=[
            "%s.ChangeURLconfMiddleware" % middleware.__name__,
        ]
    )
    def test_urlconf_overridden(self):
        response = self.client.get("/test/me/")
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 404)
        response = self.client.get("/inner_urlconf/second_test/")
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 404)
        response = self.client.get("/second_test/")
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        self.assertEqual(response.content, b"outer:,inner:/second_test/")

    @override_settings(
        MIDDLEWARE=[
            "%s.NullChangeURLconfMiddleware" % middleware.__name__,
        ]
    )
    def test_urlconf_overridden_with_null(self):
        """
        Overriding request.urlconf with None will fall back to the default
        URLconf.
        """
        response = self.client.get("/test/me/")
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        self.assertEqual(
            response.content, b"outer:/test/me/,inner:/inner_urlconf/second_test/"
        )
        response = self.client.get("/inner_urlconf/second_test/")
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        response = self.client.get("/second_test/")
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 404)

    @override_settings(
        MIDDLEWARE=[
            "%s.ChangeURLconfMiddleware" % middleware.__name__,
            "%s.ReverseInnerInResponseMiddleware" % middleware.__name__,
        ]
    )
    def test_reverse_inner_in_response_middleware(self):
        """
        Test reversing an URL from the *overridden* URLconf from inside
        a response middleware.
        """
        response = self.client.get("/second_test/")
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        self.assertEqual(response.content, b"/second_test/")

    @override_settings(
        MIDDLEWARE=[
            "%s.ChangeURLconfMiddleware" % middleware.__name__,
            "%s.ReverseOuterInResponseMiddleware" % middleware.__name__,
        ]
    )
    def test_reverse_outer_in_response_middleware(self):
        """
        Test reversing an URL from the *default* URLconf from inside
        a response middleware.
        """
        msg = (
            "Reverse for 'outer' not found. 'outer' is not a valid view "
            "function or pattern name."
        )
        with self.assertRaisesMessage(NoReverseMatch, msg):
            self.client.get("/second_test/")

    @override_settings(
        MIDDLEWARE=[
            "%s.ChangeURLconfMiddleware" % middleware.__name__,
            "%s.ReverseInnerInStreaming" % middleware.__name__,
        ]
    )
    def test_reverse_inner_in_streaming(self):
        """
        Test reversing an URL from the *overridden* URLconf from inside
        a streaming response.
        """
        response = self.client.get("/second_test/")
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        self.assertEqual(b"".join(response), b"/second_test/")

    @override_settings(
        MIDDLEWARE=[
            "%s.ChangeURLconfMiddleware" % middleware.__name__,
            "%s.ReverseOuterInStreaming" % middleware.__name__,
        ]
    )
    def test_reverse_outer_in_streaming(self):
        """
        Test reversing an URL from the *default* URLconf from inside
        a streaming response.
        """
        message = "Reverse for 'outer' not found."
        with self.assertRaisesMessage(NoReverseMatch, message):
            self.client.get("/second_test/")
            b"".join(self.client.get("/second_test/"))

    def test_urlconf_is_reset_after_request(self):
        """The URLconf is reset after each request."""
        self.assertIsNone(get_urlconf())
        with override_settings(
            MIDDLEWARE=["%s.ChangeURLconfMiddleware" % middleware.__name__]
        ):
            self.client.get(reverse("inner"))
        self.assertIsNone(get_urlconf())


class ErrorHandlerResolutionTests(SimpleTestCase):
    """Tests for handler400, handler403, handler404 and handler500"""

    def setUp(self):
        urlconf = "urlpatterns_reverse.urls_error_handlers"
        urlconf_callables = "urlpatterns_reverse.urls_error_handlers_callables"
        self.resolver = URLResolver(RegexPattern(r"^$"), urlconf)
        self.callable_resolver = URLResolver(RegexPattern(r"^$"), urlconf_callables)

    def test_named_handlers(self):
        for code in [400, 403, 404, 500]:
            with self.subTest(code=code):
                self.assertEqual(self.resolver.resolve_error_handler(code), empty_view)

    def test_callable_handlers(self):
        for code in [400, 403, 404, 500]:
            with self.subTest(code=code):
                self.assertEqual(
                    self.callable_resolver.resolve_error_handler(code), empty_view
                )


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF="urlpatterns_reverse.urls_without_handlers")
class DefaultErrorHandlerTests(SimpleTestCase):
    def test_default_handler(self):
        "If the urls.py doesn't specify handlers, the defaults are used"
        response = self.client.get("/test/")
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 404)

        msg = "I don't think I'm getting good value for this view"
        with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, msg):
            self.client.get("/bad_view/")


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF=None)
class NoRootUrlConfTests(SimpleTestCase):
    """Tests for handler404 and handler500 if ROOT_URLCONF is None"""

    def test_no_handler_exception(self):
        msg = (
            "The included URLconf 'None' does not appear to have any patterns "
            "in it. If you see the 'urlpatterns' variable with valid patterns "
            "in the file then the issue is probably caused by a circular "
            "import."
        )
        with self.assertRaisesMessage(ImproperlyConfigured, msg):
            self.client.get("/test/me/")


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF="urlpatterns_reverse.namespace_urls")
class ResolverMatchTests(SimpleTestCase):
    def test_urlpattern_resolve(self):
        for (
            path_,
            url_name,
            app_name,
            namespace,
            view_name,
            func,
            args,
            kwargs,
        ) in resolve_test_data:
            with self.subTest(path=path_):
                # Legacy support for extracting "function, args, kwargs".
                match_func, match_args, match_kwargs = resolve(path_)
                self.assertEqual(match_func, func)
                self.assertEqual(match_args, args)
                self.assertEqual(match_kwargs, kwargs)
                # ResolverMatch capabilities.
                match = resolve(path_)
                self.assertEqual(match.__class__, ResolverMatch)
                self.assertEqual(match.url_name, url_name)
                self.assertEqual(match.app_name, app_name)
                self.assertEqual(match.namespace, namespace)
                self.assertEqual(match.view_name, view_name)
                self.assertEqual(match.func, func)
                self.assertEqual(match.args, args)
                self.assertEqual(match.kwargs, kwargs)
                # and for legacy purposes:
                self.assertEqual(match[0], func)
                self.assertEqual(match[1], args)
                self.assertEqual(match[2], kwargs)

    def test_resolver_match_on_request(self):
        response = self.client.get("/resolver_match/")
        resolver_match = response.resolver_match
        self.assertEqual(resolver_match.url_name, "test-resolver-match")

    def test_resolver_match_on_request_before_resolution(self):
        request = HttpRequest()
        self.assertIsNone(request.resolver_match)

    def test_repr(self):
        self.assertEqual(
            repr(resolve("/no_kwargs/42/37/")),
            "ResolverMatch(func=urlpatterns_reverse.views.empty_view, "
            "args=('42', '37'), kwargs={}, url_name='no-kwargs', app_names=[], "
            "namespaces=[], route='^no_kwargs/([0-9]+)/([0-9]+)/$')",
        )

    def test_repr_extra_kwargs(self):
        self.assertEqual(
            repr(resolve("/mixed_args/1986/11/")),
            "ResolverMatch(func=urlpatterns_reverse.views.empty_view, args=(), "
            "kwargs={'arg2': '11', 'extra': True}, url_name='mixed-args', "
            "app_names=[], namespaces=[], "
            "route='^mixed_args/([0-9]+)/(?P<arg2>[0-9]+)/$', "
            "captured_kwargs={'arg2': '11'}, extra_kwargs={'extra': True})",
        )

    @override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF="urlpatterns_reverse.reverse_lazy_urls")
    def test_classbased_repr(self):
        self.assertEqual(
            repr(resolve("/redirect/")),
            "ResolverMatch(func=urlpatterns_reverse.views.LazyRedirectView, "
            "args=(), kwargs={}, url_name=None, app_names=[], "
            "namespaces=[], route='redirect/')",
        )

    @override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF="urlpatterns_reverse.urls")
    def test_repr_functools_partial(self):
        tests = [
            ("partial", "template.html"),
            ("partial_nested", "nested_partial.html"),
            ("partial_wrapped", "template.html"),
        ]
        for name, template_name in tests:
            with self.subTest(name=name):
                func = (
                    f"functools.partial({views.empty_view!r}, "
                    f"template_name='{template_name}')"
                )
                self.assertEqual(
                    repr(resolve(f"/{name}/")),
                    f"ResolverMatch(func={func}, args=(), kwargs={{}}, "
                    f"url_name='{name}', app_names=[], namespaces=[], "
                    f"route='{name}/')",
                )

    @override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF="urlpatterns.path_urls")
    def test_pickling(self):
        msg = "Cannot pickle ResolverMatch."
        with self.assertRaisesMessage(pickle.PicklingError, msg):
            pickle.dumps(resolve("/users/"))


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF="urlpatterns_reverse.erroneous_urls")
class ErroneousViewTests(SimpleTestCase):
    def test_noncallable_view(self):
        # View is not a callable (explicit import; arbitrary Python object)
        with self.assertRaisesMessage(TypeError, "view must be a callable"):
            path("uncallable-object/", views.uncallable)

    def test_invalid_regex(self):
        # Regex contains an error (refs #6170)
        msg = '(regex_error/$" is not a valid regular expression'
        with self.assertRaisesMessage(ImproperlyConfigured, msg):
            reverse(views.empty_view)


class ViewLoadingTests(SimpleTestCase):
    def test_view_loading(self):
        self.assertEqual(
            get_callable("urlpatterns_reverse.views.empty_view"), empty_view
        )
        self.assertEqual(get_callable(empty_view), empty_view)

    def test_view_does_not_exist(self):
        msg = "View does not exist in module urlpatterns_reverse.views."
        with self.assertRaisesMessage(ViewDoesNotExist, msg):
            get_callable("urlpatterns_reverse.views.i_should_not_exist")

    def test_attributeerror_not_hidden(self):
        msg = "I am here to confuse django.urls.get_callable"
        with self.assertRaisesMessage(AttributeError, msg):
            get_callable("urlpatterns_reverse.views_broken.i_am_broken")

    def test_non_string_value(self):
        msg = "'1' is not a callable or a dot-notation path"
        with self.assertRaisesMessage(ViewDoesNotExist, msg):
            get_callable(1)

    def test_string_without_dot(self):
        msg = "Could not import 'test'. The path must be fully qualified."
        with self.assertRaisesMessage(ImportError, msg):
            get_callable("test")

    def test_module_does_not_exist(self):
        with self.assertRaisesMessage(ImportError, "No module named 'foo'"):
            get_callable("foo.bar")

    def test_parent_module_does_not_exist(self):
        msg = "Parent module urlpatterns_reverse.foo does not exist."
        with self.assertRaisesMessage(ViewDoesNotExist, msg):
            get_callable("urlpatterns_reverse.foo.bar")

    def test_not_callable(self):
        msg = (
            "Could not import 'urlpatterns_reverse.tests.resolve_test_data'. "
            "View is not callable."
        )
        with self.assertRaisesMessage(ViewDoesNotExist, msg):
            get_callable("urlpatterns_reverse.tests.resolve_test_data")


class IncludeTests(SimpleTestCase):
    url_patterns = [
        path("inner/", views.empty_view, name="urlobject-view"),
        re_path(
            r"^inner/(?P<arg1>[0-9]+)/(?P<arg2>[0-9]+)/$",
            views.empty_view,
            name="urlobject-view",
        ),
        re_path(r"^inner/\+\\\$\*/$", views.empty_view, name="urlobject-special-view"),
    ]
    app_urls = URLObject("inc-app")

    def test_include_urls(self):
        self.assertEqual(include(self.url_patterns), (self.url_patterns, None, None))

    def test_include_namespace(self):
        msg = (
            "Specifying a namespace in include() without providing an "
            "app_name is not supported."
        )
        with self.assertRaisesMessage(ImproperlyConfigured, msg):
            include(self.url_patterns, "namespace")

    def test_include_4_tuple(self):
        msg = "Passing a 4-tuple to include() is not supported."
        with self.assertRaisesMessage(ImproperlyConfigured, msg):
            include((self.url_patterns, "app_name", "namespace", "blah"))

    def test_include_3_tuple(self):
        msg = "Passing a 3-tuple to include() is not supported."
        with self.assertRaisesMessage(ImproperlyConfigured, msg):
            include((self.url_patterns, "app_name", "namespace"))

    def test_include_3_tuple_namespace(self):
        msg = (
            "Cannot override the namespace for a dynamic module that provides a "
            "namespace."
        )
        with self.assertRaisesMessage(ImproperlyConfigured, msg):
            include((self.url_patterns, "app_name", "namespace"), "namespace")

    def test_include_2_tuple(self):
        self.assertEqual(
            include((self.url_patterns, "app_name")),
            (self.url_patterns, "app_name", "app_name"),
        )

    def test_include_2_tuple_namespace(self):
        self.assertEqual(
            include((self.url_patterns, "app_name"), namespace="namespace"),
            (self.url_patterns, "app_name", "namespace"),
        )

    def test_include_app_name(self):
        self.assertEqual(include(self.app_urls), (self.app_urls, "inc-app", "inc-app"))

    def test_include_app_name_namespace(self):
        self.assertEqual(
            include(self.app_urls, "namespace"), (self.app_urls, "inc-app", "namespace")
        )


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF="urlpatterns_reverse.urls")
class LookaheadTests(SimpleTestCase):
    def test_valid_resolve(self):
        test_urls = [
            "/lookahead-/a-city/",
            "/lookbehind-/a-city/",
            "/lookahead+/a-city/",
            "/lookbehind+/a-city/",
        ]
        for test_url in test_urls:
            with self.subTest(url=test_url):
                self.assertEqual(resolve(test_url).kwargs, {"city": "a-city"})

    def test_invalid_resolve(self):
        test_urls = [
            "/lookahead-/not-a-city/",
            "/lookbehind-/not-a-city/",
            "/lookahead+/other-city/",
            "/lookbehind+/other-city/",
        ]
        for test_url in test_urls:
            with self.subTest(url=test_url):
                with self.assertRaises(Resolver404):
                    resolve(test_url)

    def test_valid_reverse(self):
        test_urls = [
            ("lookahead-positive", {"city": "a-city"}, "/lookahead+/a-city/"),
            ("lookahead-negative", {"city": "a-city"}, "/lookahead-/a-city/"),
            ("lookbehind-positive", {"city": "a-city"}, "/lookbehind+/a-city/"),
            ("lookbehind-negative", {"city": "a-city"}, "/lookbehind-/a-city/"),
        ]
        for name, kwargs, expected in test_urls:
            with self.subTest(name=name, kwargs=kwargs):
                self.assertEqual(reverse(name, kwargs=kwargs), expected)

    def test_invalid_reverse(self):
        test_urls = [
            ("lookahead-positive", {"city": "other-city"}),
            ("lookahead-negative", {"city": "not-a-city"}),
            ("lookbehind-positive", {"city": "other-city"}),
            ("lookbehind-negative", {"city": "not-a-city"}),
        ]
        for name, kwargs in test_urls:
            with self.subTest(name=name, kwargs=kwargs):
                with self.assertRaises(NoReverseMatch):
                    reverse(name, kwargs=kwargs)


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF="urlpatterns_reverse.urls")
class ReverseResolvedTests(SimpleTestCase):
    def test_rereverse(self):
        match = resolve("/resolved/12/")
        self.assertEqual(
            reverse(match.url_name, args=match.args, kwargs=match.kwargs),
            "/resolved/12/",
        )
        match = resolve("/resolved-overridden/12/url/")
        self.assertEqual(
            reverse(match.url_name, args=match.args, kwargs=match.captured_kwargs),
            "/resolved-overridden/12/url/",
        )