Simplified imports from django.db and django.contrib.gis.db.

django/contrib/admin/checks.py

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ from django.core import checks
 from django.core.exceptions import FieldDoesNotExist
 from django.db import models
 from django.db.models.constants import LOOKUP_SEP
-from django.db.models.expressions import Combinable, F, OrderBy
+from django.db.models.expressions import Combinable
 from django.forms.models import (
     BaseModelForm, BaseModelFormSet, _get_foreign_key,
 )
@@ -546,10 +546,10 @@ class BaseModelAdminChecks:
 
     def _check_ordering_item(self, obj, field_name, label):
         """ Check that `ordering` refers to existing fields. """
-        if isinstance(field_name, (Combinable, OrderBy)):
-            if not isinstance(field_name, OrderBy):
+        if isinstance(field_name, (Combinable, models.OrderBy)):
+            if not isinstance(field_name, models.OrderBy):
                 field_name = field_name.asc()
-            if isinstance(field_name.expression, F):
+            if isinstance(field_name.expression, models.F):
                 field_name = field_name.expression.name
             else:
                 return []

django/contrib/admin/helpers.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from django.contrib.admin.utils import (
     lookup_field,
 )
 from django.core.exceptions import ObjectDoesNotExist
-from django.db.models.fields.related import ManyToManyRel
+from django.db.models import ManyToManyRel
 from django.forms.utils import flatatt
 from django.template.defaultfilters import capfirst, linebreaksbr
 from django.utils.html import conditional_escape, format_html

django/contrib/admin/options.py

@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ from django.core.exceptions import (
 from django.core.paginator import Paginator
 from django.db import models, router, transaction
 from django.db.models.constants import LOOKUP_SEP
-from django.db.models.fields import BLANK_CHOICE_DASH
 from django.forms.formsets import DELETION_FIELD_NAME, all_valid
 from django.forms.models import (
     BaseInlineFormSet, inlineformset_factory, modelform_defines_fields,
@@ -889,7 +888,7 @@ class ModelAdmin(BaseModelAdmin):
         actions = self._filter_actions_by_permissions(request, self._get_base_actions())
         return {name: (func, name, desc) for func, name, desc in actions}
 
-    def get_action_choices(self, request, default_choices=BLANK_CHOICE_DASH):
+    def get_action_choices(self, request, default_choices=models.BLANK_CHOICE_DASH):
         """
         Return a list of choices for use in a form object.  Each choice is a
         tuple (name, description).

django/contrib/admin/views/main.py

@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ from django.core.exceptions import (
     FieldDoesNotExist, ImproperlyConfigured, SuspiciousOperation,
 )
 from django.core.paginator import InvalidPage
-from django.db import models
-from django.db.models.expressions import Combinable, F, OrderBy
+from django.db.models import F, Field, ManyToOneRel, OrderBy
+from django.db.models.expressions import Combinable
 from django.urls import reverse
 from django.utils.http import urlencode
 from django.utils.timezone import make_aware
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ class ChangeList:
                     # FieldListFilter class that has been registered for the
                     # type of the given field.
                     field, field_list_filter_class = list_filter, FieldListFilter.create
-                if not isinstance(field, models.Field):
+                if not isinstance(field, Field):
                     field_path = field
                     field = get_fields_from_path(self.model, field_path)[-1]
 
@@ -487,7 +487,7 @@ class ChangeList:
             except FieldDoesNotExist:
                 pass
             else:
-                if isinstance(field.remote_field, models.ManyToOneRel):
+                if isinstance(field.remote_field, ManyToOneRel):
                     # <FK>_id field names don't require a join.
                     if field_name != field.get_attname():
                         return True

django/contrib/admin/widgets.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from django import forms
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
 from django.core.validators import URLValidator
-from django.db.models.deletion import CASCADE
+from django.db.models import CASCADE
 from django.urls import reverse
 from django.urls.exceptions import NoReverseMatch
 from django.utils.html import smart_urlquote

django/contrib/auth/migrations/0011_update_proxy_permissions.py

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 import sys
 
 from django.core.management.color import color_style
-from django.db import migrations, transaction
+from django.db import IntegrityError, migrations, transaction
 from django.db.models import Q
-from django.db.utils import IntegrityError
 
 WARNING = """
     A problem arose migrating proxy model permissions for {old} to {new}.

django/contrib/contenttypes/fields.py

@@ -7,12 +7,11 @@ from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
 from django.core import checks
 from django.core.exceptions import FieldDoesNotExist, ObjectDoesNotExist
 from django.db import DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS, models, router, transaction
-from django.db.models import DO_NOTHING
+from django.db.models import DO_NOTHING, ForeignObject, ForeignObjectRel
 from django.db.models.base import ModelBase, make_foreign_order_accessors
 from django.db.models.fields.mixins import FieldCacheMixin
 from django.db.models.fields.related import (
-    ForeignObject, ForeignObjectRel, ReverseManyToOneDescriptor,
-    lazy_related_operation,
+    ReverseManyToOneDescriptor, lazy_related_operation,
 )
 from django.db.models.query_utils import PathInfo
 from django.utils.functional import cached_property

django/contrib/contenttypes/management/__init__.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from django.apps import apps as global_apps
-from django.db import DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS, migrations, router, transaction
-from django.db.utils import IntegrityError
+from django.db import (
+    DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS, IntegrityError, migrations, router, transaction,
+)
 
 
 class RenameContentType(migrations.RunPython):

django/contrib/gis/db/backends/base/features.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import re
 
-from django.contrib.gis.db.models import aggregates
+from django.contrib.gis.db import models
 
 
 class BaseSpatialFeatures:
@@ -77,19 +77,19 @@ class BaseSpatialFeatures:
     # Is the aggregate supported by the database?
     @property
     def supports_collect_aggr(self):
-        return aggregates.Collect not in self.connection.ops.disallowed_aggregates
+        return models.Collect not in self.connection.ops.disallowed_aggregates
 
     @property
     def supports_extent_aggr(self):
-        return aggregates.Extent not in self.connection.ops.disallowed_aggregates
+        return models.Extent not in self.connection.ops.disallowed_aggregates
 
     @property
     def supports_make_line_aggr(self):
-        return aggregates.MakeLine not in self.connection.ops.disallowed_aggregates
+        return models.MakeLine not in self.connection.ops.disallowed_aggregates
 
     @property
     def supports_union_aggr(self):
-        return aggregates.Union not in self.connection.ops.disallowed_aggregates
+        return models.Union not in self.connection.ops.disallowed_aggregates
 
     def __getattr__(self, name):
         m = re.match(r'has_(\w*)_function$', name)

django/contrib/gis/db/backends/base/operations.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ from django.contrib.gis.db.models.functions import Distance
 from django.contrib.gis.measure import (
     Area as AreaMeasure, Distance as DistanceMeasure,
 )
-from django.db.utils import NotSupportedError
+from django.db import NotSupportedError
 from django.utils.functional import cached_property
 
 

django/contrib/gis/db/backends/mysql/operations.py

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
+from django.contrib.gis.db import models
 from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.base.adapter import WKTAdapter
 from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.base.operations import (
     BaseSpatialOperations,
 )
 from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.utils import SpatialOperator
-from django.contrib.gis.db.models import aggregates
 from django.contrib.gis.geos.geometry import GEOSGeometryBase
 from django.contrib.gis.geos.prototypes.io import wkb_r
 from django.contrib.gis.measure import Distance
@@ -49,8 +49,8 @@ class MySQLOperations(BaseSpatialOperations, DatabaseOperations):
         return operators
 
     disallowed_aggregates = (
-        aggregates.Collect, aggregates.Extent, aggregates.Extent3D,
-        aggregates.MakeLine, aggregates.Union,
+        models.Collect, models.Extent, models.Extent3D, models.MakeLine,
+        models.Union,
     )
 
     @cached_property

django/contrib/gis/db/backends/mysql/schema.py

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 import logging
 
-from django.contrib.gis.db.models.fields import GeometryField
+from django.contrib.gis.db.models import GeometryField
+from django.db import OperationalError
 from django.db.backends.mysql.schema import DatabaseSchemaEditor
-from django.db.utils import OperationalError
 
 logger = logging.getLogger('django.contrib.gis')
 

django/contrib/gis/db/backends/oracle/operations.py

@@ -9,12 +9,12 @@
 """
 import re
 
+from django.contrib.gis.db import models
 from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.base.operations import (
     BaseSpatialOperations,
 )
 from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.oracle.adapter import OracleSpatialAdapter
 from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.utils import SpatialOperator
-from django.contrib.gis.db.models import aggregates
 from django.contrib.gis.geos.geometry import GEOSGeometry, GEOSGeometryBase
 from django.contrib.gis.geos.prototypes.io import wkb_r
 from django.contrib.gis.measure import Distance
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class OracleOperations(BaseSpatialOperations, DatabaseOperations):
 
     name = 'oracle'
     oracle = True
-    disallowed_aggregates = (aggregates.Collect, aggregates.Extent3D, aggregates.MakeLine)
+    disallowed_aggregates = (models.Collect, models.Extent3D, models.MakeLine)
 
     Adapter = OracleSpatialAdapter
 

django/contrib/gis/db/backends/oracle/schema.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from django.contrib.gis.db.models.fields import GeometryField
+from django.contrib.gis.db.models import GeometryField
 from django.db.backends.oracle.schema import DatabaseSchemaEditor
 from django.db.backends.utils import strip_quotes, truncate_name
 

django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/operations.py

@@ -11,9 +11,9 @@ from django.contrib.gis.geos.geometry import GEOSGeometryBase
 from django.contrib.gis.geos.prototypes.io import wkb_r
 from django.contrib.gis.measure import Distance
 from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
+from django.db import NotSupportedError, ProgrammingError
 from django.db.backends.postgresql.operations import DatabaseOperations
 from django.db.models import Func, Value
-from django.db.utils import NotSupportedError, ProgrammingError
 from django.utils.functional import cached_property
 from django.utils.version import get_version_tuple
 

django/contrib/gis/db/backends/spatialite/operations.py

@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@
 SQL functions reference lists:
 https://www.gaia-gis.it/gaia-sins/spatialite-sql-4.3.0.html
 """
+from django.contrib.gis.db import models
 from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.base.operations import (
     BaseSpatialOperations,
 )
 from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.spatialite.adapter import SpatiaLiteAdapter
 from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.utils import SpatialOperator
-from django.contrib.gis.db.models import aggregates
 from django.contrib.gis.geos.geometry import GEOSGeometry, GEOSGeometryBase
 from django.contrib.gis.geos.prototypes.io import wkb_r
 from django.contrib.gis.measure import Distance
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ class SpatiaLiteOperations(BaseSpatialOperations, DatabaseOperations):
         'dwithin': SpatialOperator(func='PtDistWithin'),
     }
 
-    disallowed_aggregates = (aggregates.Extent3D,)
+    disallowed_aggregates = (models.Extent3D,)
 
     select = 'CAST (AsEWKB(%s) AS BLOB)'
 

django/contrib/gis/db/backends/spatialite/schema.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
+from django.db import DatabaseError
 from django.db.backends.sqlite3.schema import DatabaseSchemaEditor
-from django.db.utils import DatabaseError
 
 
 class SpatialiteSchemaEditor(DatabaseSchemaEditor):
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ class SpatialiteSchemaEditor(DatabaseSchemaEditor):
         return self.connection.ops.geo_quote_name(name)
 
     def column_sql(self, model, field, include_default=False):
-        from django.contrib.gis.db.models.fields import GeometryField
+        from django.contrib.gis.db.models import GeometryField
         if not isinstance(field, GeometryField):
             return super().column_sql(model, field, include_default)
 
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ class SpatialiteSchemaEditor(DatabaseSchemaEditor):
         self.geometry_sql = []
 
     def delete_model(self, model, **kwargs):
-        from django.contrib.gis.db.models.fields import GeometryField
+        from django.contrib.gis.db.models import GeometryField
         # Drop spatial metadata (dropping the table does not automatically remove them)
         for field in model._meta.local_fields:
             if isinstance(field, GeometryField):
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ class SpatialiteSchemaEditor(DatabaseSchemaEditor):
         super().delete_model(model, **kwargs)
 
     def add_field(self, model, field):
-        from django.contrib.gis.db.models.fields import GeometryField
+        from django.contrib.gis.db.models import GeometryField
         if isinstance(field, GeometryField):
             # Populate self.geometry_sql
             self.column_sql(model, field)
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ class SpatialiteSchemaEditor(DatabaseSchemaEditor):
             super().add_field(model, field)
 
     def remove_field(self, model, field):
-        from django.contrib.gis.db.models.fields import GeometryField
+        from django.contrib.gis.db.models import GeometryField
         # NOTE: If the field is a geometry field, the table is just recreated,
         # the parent's remove_field can't be used cause it will skip the
         # recreation if the field does not have a database type. Geometry fields
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ class SpatialiteSchemaEditor(DatabaseSchemaEditor):
             super().remove_field(model, field)
 
     def alter_db_table(self, model, old_db_table, new_db_table, disable_constraints=True):
-        from django.contrib.gis.db.models.fields import GeometryField
+        from django.contrib.gis.db.models import GeometryField
         # Remove geometry-ness from temp table
         for field in model._meta.local_fields:
             if isinstance(field, GeometryField):

django/contrib/gis/db/models/aggregates.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 from django.contrib.gis.db.models.fields import (
     ExtentField, GeometryCollectionField, GeometryField, LineStringField,
 )
-from django.db.models.aggregates import Aggregate
+from django.db.models import Aggregate
 from django.utils.functional import cached_property
 
 __all__ = ['Collect', 'Extent', 'Extent3D', 'MakeLine', 'Union']

django/contrib/gis/db/models/fields.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from django.contrib.gis.geos import (
     MultiLineString, MultiPoint, MultiPolygon, Point, Polygon,
 )
 from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
-from django.db.models.fields import Field
+from django.db.models import Field
 from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _
 
 # Local cache of the spatial_ref_sys table, which holds SRID data for each

django/contrib/gis/db/models/functions.py

@@ -4,12 +4,12 @@ from django.contrib.gis.db.models.fields import BaseSpatialField, GeometryField
 from django.contrib.gis.db.models.sql import AreaField, DistanceField
 from django.contrib.gis.geos import GEOSGeometry
 from django.core.exceptions import FieldError
+from django.db import NotSupportedError
 from django.db.models import (
-    BinaryField, BooleanField, FloatField, IntegerField, TextField, Transform,
+    BinaryField, BooleanField, FloatField, Func, IntegerField, TextField,
+    Transform, Value,
 )
-from django.db.models.expressions import Func, Value
 from django.db.models.functions import Cast
-from django.db.utils import NotSupportedError
 from django.utils.functional import cached_property
 
 NUMERIC_TYPES = (int, float, Decimal)

django/contrib/gis/db/models/lookups.py

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 from django.contrib.gis.db.models.fields import BaseSpatialField
 from django.contrib.gis.measure import Distance
 from django.db import NotSupportedError
-from django.db.models.expressions import Expression
-from django.db.models.lookups import Lookup, Transform
+from django.db.models import Expression, Lookup, Transform
 from django.db.models.sql.query import Query
 from django.utils.regex_helper import _lazy_re_compile
 

django/contrib/gis/sitemaps/kml.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from django.apps import apps
-from django.contrib.gis.db.models.fields import GeometryField
+from django.contrib.gis.db.models import GeometryField
 from django.contrib.sitemaps import Sitemap
 from django.db import models
 from django.urls import reverse

django/contrib/gis/sitemaps/views.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from django.apps import apps
-from django.contrib.gis.db.models.fields import GeometryField
+from django.contrib.gis.db.models import GeometryField
 from django.contrib.gis.db.models.functions import AsKML, Transform
 from django.contrib.gis.shortcuts import render_to_kml, render_to_kmz
 from django.core.exceptions import FieldDoesNotExist

django/contrib/postgres/aggregates/general.py

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 from django.contrib.postgres.fields import ArrayField, JSONField
-from django.db.models import Value
-from django.db.models.aggregates import Aggregate
+from django.db.models import Aggregate, Value
 
 from .mixins import OrderableAggMixin
 

django/contrib/postgres/aggregates/mixins.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from django.db.models.expressions import F, OrderBy
+from django.db.models import F, OrderBy
 
 
 class OrderableAggMixin:

django/contrib/postgres/aggregates/statistics.py

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-from django.db.models import FloatField, IntegerField
-from django.db.models.aggregates import Aggregate
+from django.db.models import Aggregate, FloatField, IntegerField
 
 __all__ = [
     'CovarPop', 'Corr', 'RegrAvgX', 'RegrAvgY', 'RegrCount', 'RegrIntercept',

django/contrib/postgres/indexes.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
+from django.db import NotSupportedError
 from django.db.models import Index
-from django.db.utils import NotSupportedError
 from django.utils.functional import cached_property
 
 __all__ = [

django/contrib/postgres/operations.py

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 from django.contrib.postgres.signals import (
     get_citext_oids, get_hstore_oids, register_type_handlers,
 )
+from django.db import NotSupportedError
 from django.db.migrations import AddIndex, RemoveIndex
 from django.db.migrations.operations.base import Operation
-from django.db.utils import NotSupportedError
 
 
 class CreateExtension(Operation):

django/contrib/postgres/search.py

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
-from django.db.models import CharField, Field, FloatField, TextField
-from django.db.models.expressions import (
-    CombinedExpression, Expression, Func, Value,
+from django.db.models import (
+    CharField, Expression, Field, FloatField, Func, Lookup, TextField, Value,
 )
+from django.db.models.expressions import CombinedExpression
 from django.db.models.functions import Cast, Coalesce
-from django.db.models.lookups import Lookup
 
 
 class SearchVectorExact(Lookup):

django/core/management/commands/createcachetable.py

@@ -3,9 +3,8 @@ from django.core.cache import caches
 from django.core.cache.backends.db import BaseDatabaseCache
 from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand, CommandError
 from django.db import (
-    DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS, connections, models, router, transaction,
+    DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS, DatabaseError, connections, models, router, transaction,
 )
-from django.db.utils import DatabaseError
 
 
 class Command(BaseCommand):

django/db/backends/base/base.py

@@ -10,12 +10,12 @@ import pytz
 
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
-from django.db import DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS
+from django.db import DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS, DatabaseError
 from django.db.backends import utils
 from django.db.backends.base.validation import BaseDatabaseValidation
 from django.db.backends.signals import connection_created
 from django.db.transaction import TransactionManagementError
-from django.db.utils import DatabaseError, DatabaseErrorWrapper
+from django.db.utils import DatabaseErrorWrapper
 from django.utils import timezone
 from django.utils.asyncio import async_unsafe
 from django.utils.functional import cached_property

django/db/backends/base/features.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from django.db.utils import ProgrammingError
+from django.db import ProgrammingError
 from django.utils.functional import cached_property
 
 

django/db/backends/mysql/base.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ MySQL database backend for Django.
 Requires mysqlclient: https://pypi.org/project/mysqlclient/
 """
 from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
-from django.db import utils
+from django.db import IntegrityError
 from django.db.backends import utils as backend_utils
 from django.db.backends.base.base import BaseDatabaseWrapper
 from django.utils.asyncio import async_unsafe
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ class CursorWrapper:
             # Map some error codes to IntegrityError, since they seem to be
             # misclassified and Django would prefer the more logical place.
             if e.args[0] in self.codes_for_integrityerror:
-                raise utils.IntegrityError(*tuple(e.args))
+                raise IntegrityError(*tuple(e.args))
             raise
 
     def executemany(self, query, args):
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ class CursorWrapper:
             # Map some error codes to IntegrityError, since they seem to be
             # misclassified and Django would prefer the more logical place.
             if e.args[0] in self.codes_for_integrityerror:
-                raise utils.IntegrityError(*tuple(e.args))
+                raise IntegrityError(*tuple(e.args))
             raise
 
     def __getattr__(self, attr):
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ class DatabaseWrapper(BaseDatabaseWrapper):
                         )
                     )
                     for bad_row in cursor.fetchall():
-                        raise utils.IntegrityError(
+                        raise IntegrityError(
                             "The row in table '%s' with primary key '%s' has an invalid "
                             "foreign key: %s.%s contains a value '%s' that does not "
                             "have a corresponding value in %s.%s."

django/db/backends/mysql/introspection.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ from MySQLdb.constants import FIELD_TYPE
 from django.db.backends.base.introspection import (
     BaseDatabaseIntrospection, FieldInfo as BaseFieldInfo, TableInfo,
 )
-from django.db.models.indexes import Index
+from django.db.models import Index
 from django.utils.datastructures import OrderedSet
 
 FieldInfo = namedtuple('FieldInfo', BaseFieldInfo._fields + ('extra', 'is_unsigned'))

django/db/backends/oracle/base.py

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ from contextlib import contextmanager
 
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
-from django.db import utils
+from django.db import IntegrityError
 from django.db.backends.base.base import BaseDatabaseWrapper
 from django.utils.asyncio import async_unsafe
 from django.utils.encoding import force_bytes, force_str
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ def wrap_oracle_errors():
         # Convert that case to Django's IntegrityError exception.
         x = e.args[0]
         if hasattr(x, 'code') and hasattr(x, 'message') and x.code == 2091 and 'ORA-02291' in x.message:
-            raise utils.IntegrityError(*tuple(e.args))
+            raise IntegrityError(*tuple(e.args))
         raise
 
 

django/db/backends/oracle/creation.py

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 import sys
 
 from django.conf import settings
+from django.db import DatabaseError
 from django.db.backends.base.creation import BaseDatabaseCreation
-from django.db.utils import DatabaseError
 from django.utils.crypto import get_random_string
 from django.utils.functional import cached_property
 

django/db/backends/oracle/features.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
+from django.db import InterfaceError
 from django.db.backends.base.features import BaseDatabaseFeatures
-from django.db.utils import InterfaceError
 
 
 class DatabaseFeatures(BaseDatabaseFeatures):

django/db/backends/oracle/operations.py

@@ -3,11 +3,12 @@ import uuid
 from functools import lru_cache
 
 from django.conf import settings
+from django.db import DatabaseError
 from django.db.backends.base.operations import BaseDatabaseOperations
 from django.db.backends.utils import strip_quotes, truncate_name
-from django.db.models.expressions import Exists, ExpressionWrapper, RawSQL
+from django.db.models import AutoField, Exists, ExpressionWrapper
+from django.db.models.expressions import RawSQL
 from django.db.models.sql.where import WhereNode
-from django.db.utils import DatabaseError
 from django.utils import timezone
 from django.utils.encoding import force_bytes, force_str
 from django.utils.functional import cached_property
@@ -466,12 +467,11 @@ END;
         return sql
 
     def sequence_reset_sql(self, style, model_list):
-        from django.db import models
         output = []
         query = self._sequence_reset_sql
         for model in model_list:
             for f in model._meta.local_fields:
-                if isinstance(f, models.AutoField):
+                if isinstance(f, AutoField):
                     no_autofield_sequence_name = self._get_no_autofield_sequence_name(model._meta.db_table)
                     table = self.quote_name(model._meta.db_table)
                     column = self.quote_name(f.column)

django/db/backends/oracle/schema.py

@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ import copy
 import datetime
 import re
 
+from django.db import DatabaseError
 from django.db.backends.base.schema import BaseDatabaseSchemaEditor
-from django.db.utils import DatabaseError
 
 
 class DatabaseSchemaEditor(BaseDatabaseSchemaEditor):

django/db/backends/postgresql/base.py

@@ -10,12 +10,11 @@ import warnings
 
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
-from django.db import connections
+from django.db import DatabaseError as WrappedDatabaseError, connections
 from django.db.backends.base.base import BaseDatabaseWrapper
 from django.db.backends.utils import (
     CursorDebugWrapper as BaseCursorDebugWrapper,
 )
-from django.db.utils import DatabaseError as WrappedDatabaseError
 from django.utils.asyncio import async_unsafe
 from django.utils.functional import cached_property
 from django.utils.safestring import SafeString

django/db/backends/postgresql/features.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import operator
 
+from django.db import InterfaceError
 from django.db.backends.base.features import BaseDatabaseFeatures
-from django.db.utils import InterfaceError
 from django.utils.functional import cached_property
 
 

django/db/backends/postgresql/introspection.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 from django.db.backends.base.introspection import (
     BaseDatabaseIntrospection, FieldInfo, TableInfo,
 )
-from django.db.models.indexes import Index
+from django.db.models import Index
 
 
 class DatabaseIntrospection(BaseDatabaseIntrospection):

django/db/backends/sqlite3/base.py

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ from sqlite3 import dbapi2 as Database
 import pytz
 
 from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
-from django.db import utils
+from django.db import IntegrityError
 from django.db.backends import utils as backend_utils
 from django.db.backends.base.base import BaseDatabaseWrapper
 from django.utils import timezone
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ class DatabaseWrapper(BaseDatabaseWrapper):
                         ),
                         (rowid,),
                     ).fetchone()
-                    raise utils.IntegrityError(
+                    raise IntegrityError(
                         "The row in table '%s' with primary key '%s' has an "
                         "invalid foreign key: %s.%s contains a value '%s' that "
                         "does not have a corresponding value in %s.%s." % (
@@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ class DatabaseWrapper(BaseDatabaseWrapper):
                             )
                         )
                         for bad_row in cursor.fetchall():
-                            raise utils.IntegrityError(
+                            raise IntegrityError(
                                 "The row in table '%s' with primary key '%s' has an "
                                 "invalid foreign key: %s.%s contains a value '%s' that "
                                 "does not have a corresponding value in %s.%s." % (

django/db/backends/sqlite3/introspection.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import sqlparse
 from django.db.backends.base.introspection import (
     BaseDatabaseIntrospection, FieldInfo as BaseFieldInfo, TableInfo,
 )
-from django.db.models.indexes import Index
+from django.db.models import Index
 from django.utils.regex_helper import _lazy_re_compile
 
 FieldInfo = namedtuple('FieldInfo', BaseFieldInfo._fields + ('pk',))

django/db/backends/sqlite3/operations.py

@@ -6,9 +6,8 @@ from itertools import chain
 
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.core.exceptions import FieldError
-from django.db import utils
+from django.db import DatabaseError, NotSupportedError, models
 from django.db.backends.base.operations import BaseDatabaseOperations
-from django.db.models import aggregates, fields
 from django.db.models.expressions import Col
 from django.utils import timezone
 from django.utils.dateparse import parse_date, parse_datetime, parse_time
@@ -40,8 +39,8 @@ class DatabaseOperations(BaseDatabaseOperations):
             return len(objs)
 
     def check_expression_support(self, expression):
-        bad_fields = (fields.DateField, fields.DateTimeField, fields.TimeField)
-        bad_aggregates = (aggregates.Sum, aggregates.Avg, aggregates.Variance, aggregates.StdDev)
+        bad_fields = (models.DateField, models.DateTimeField, models.TimeField)
+        bad_aggregates = (models.Sum, models.Avg, models.Variance, models.StdDev)
         if isinstance(expression, bad_aggregates):
             for expr in expression.get_source_expressions():
                 try:
@@ -52,13 +51,13 @@ class DatabaseOperations(BaseDatabaseOperations):
                     pass
                 else:
                     if isinstance(output_field, bad_fields):
-                        raise utils.NotSupportedError(
+                        raise NotSupportedError(
                             'You cannot use Sum, Avg, StdDev, and Variance '
                             'aggregations on date/time fields in sqlite3 '
                             'since date/time is saved as text.'
                         )
-        if isinstance(expression, aggregates.Aggregate) and len(expression.source_expressions) > 1:
-            raise utils.NotSupportedError(
+        if isinstance(expression, models.Aggregate) and len(expression.source_expressions) > 1:
+            raise NotSupportedError(
                 "SQLite doesn't support DISTINCT on aggregate functions "
                 "accepting multiple arguments."
             )
@@ -313,7 +312,7 @@ class DatabaseOperations(BaseDatabaseOperations):
 
     def combine_duration_expression(self, connector, sub_expressions):
         if connector not in ['+', '-']:
-            raise utils.DatabaseError('Invalid connector for timedelta: %s.' % connector)
+            raise DatabaseError('Invalid connector for timedelta: %s.' % connector)
         fn_params = ["'%s'" % connector] + sub_expressions
         if len(fn_params) > 3:
             raise ValueError('Too many params for timedelta operations.')

django/db/backends/sqlite3/schema.py

@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ import copy
 from decimal import Decimal
 
 from django.apps.registry import Apps
+from django.db import NotSupportedError
 from django.db.backends.base.schema import BaseDatabaseSchemaEditor
 from django.db.backends.ddl_references import Statement
 from django.db.backends.utils import strip_quotes
 from django.db.models import UniqueConstraint
 from django.db.transaction import atomic
-from django.db.utils import NotSupportedError
 
 
 class DatabaseSchemaEditor(BaseDatabaseSchemaEditor):

django/db/backends/utils.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import logging
 import time
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 
-from django.db.utils import NotSupportedError
+from django.db import NotSupportedError
 
 logger = logging.getLogger('django.db.backends')
 

django/db/migrations/exceptions.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from django.db.utils import DatabaseError
+from django.db import DatabaseError
 
 
 class AmbiguityError(Exception):

django/db/migrations/operations/fields.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from django.core.exceptions import FieldDoesNotExist
-from django.db.models.fields import NOT_PROVIDED
+from django.db.models import NOT_PROVIDED
 from django.utils.functional import cached_property
 
 from .base import Operation

django/db/migrations/questioner.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import os
 import sys
 
 from django.apps import apps
-from django.db.models.fields import NOT_PROVIDED
+from django.db.models import NOT_PROVIDED
 from django.utils import timezone
 
 from .loader import MigrationLoader

django/db/migrations/recorder.py

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 from django.apps.registry import Apps
-from django.db import models
-from django.db.utils import DatabaseError
+from django.db import DatabaseError, models
 from django.utils.functional import classproperty
 from django.utils.timezone import now
 

django/db/migrations/state.py

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ from django.apps import AppConfig
 from django.apps.registry import Apps, apps as global_apps
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.db import models
-from django.db.models.fields.proxy import OrderWrt
 from django.db.models.fields.related import RECURSIVE_RELATIONSHIP_CONSTANT
 from django.db.models.options import DEFAULT_NAMES, normalize_together
 from django.db.models.utils import make_model_tuple
@@ -406,7 +405,7 @@ class ModelState:
         for field in model._meta.local_fields:
             if getattr(field, "remote_field", None) and exclude_rels:
                 continue
-            if isinstance(field, OrderWrt):
+            if isinstance(field, models.OrderWrt):
                 continue
             name = field.name
             try:

django/db/models/__init__.py

@@ -12,7 +12,8 @@ from django.db.models.enums import *  # NOQA
 from django.db.models.enums import __all__ as enums_all
 from django.db.models.expressions import (
     Case, Exists, Expression, ExpressionList, ExpressionWrapper, F, Func,
-    OuterRef, RowRange, Subquery, Value, ValueRange, When, Window, WindowFrame,
+    OrderBy, OuterRef, RowRange, Subquery, Value, ValueRange, When, Window,
+    WindowFrame,
 )
 from django.db.models.fields import *  # NOQA
 from django.db.models.fields import __all__ as fields_all
@@ -22,16 +23,14 @@ from django.db.models.indexes import *  # NOQA
 from django.db.models.indexes import __all__ as indexes_all
 from django.db.models.lookups import Lookup, Transform
 from django.db.models.manager import Manager
-from django.db.models.query import (
-    Prefetch, Q, QuerySet, prefetch_related_objects,
-)
-from django.db.models.query_utils import FilteredRelation
+from django.db.models.query import Prefetch, QuerySet, prefetch_related_objects
+from django.db.models.query_utils import FilteredRelation, Q
 
 # Imports that would create circular imports if sorted
 from django.db.models.base import DEFERRED, Model  # isort:skip
 from django.db.models.fields.related import (  # isort:skip
     ForeignKey, ForeignObject, OneToOneField, ManyToManyField,
-    ManyToOneRel, ManyToManyRel, OneToOneRel,
+    ForeignObjectRel, ManyToOneRel, ManyToManyRel, OneToOneRel,
 )
 
 
@@ -41,11 +40,12 @@ __all__ += [
     'CASCADE', 'DO_NOTHING', 'PROTECT', 'RESTRICT', 'SET', 'SET_DEFAULT',
     'SET_NULL', 'ProtectedError', 'RestrictedError',
     'Case', 'Exists', 'Expression', 'ExpressionList', 'ExpressionWrapper', 'F',
-    'Func', 'OuterRef', 'RowRange', 'Subquery', 'Value', 'ValueRange', 'When',
+    'Func', 'OrderBy', 'OuterRef', 'RowRange', 'Subquery', 'Value',
+    'ValueRange', 'When',
     'Window', 'WindowFrame',
     'FileField', 'ImageField', 'OrderWrt', 'Lookup', 'Transform', 'Manager',
     'Prefetch', 'Q', 'QuerySet', 'prefetch_related_objects', 'DEFERRED', 'Model',
     'FilteredRelation',
     'ForeignKey', 'ForeignObject', 'OneToOneField', 'ManyToManyField',
-    'ManyToOneRel', 'ManyToManyRel', 'OneToOneRel',
+    'ForeignObjectRel', 'ManyToOneRel', 'ManyToManyRel', 'OneToOneRel',
 ]

django/db/models/expressions.py

@@ -4,10 +4,9 @@ import inspect
 from decimal import Decimal
 
 from django.core.exceptions import EmptyResultSet, FieldError
-from django.db import connection
+from django.db import NotSupportedError, connection
 from django.db.models import fields
 from django.db.models.query_utils import Q
-from django.db.utils import NotSupportedError
 from django.utils.deconstruct import deconstructible
 from django.utils.functional import cached_property
 from django.utils.hashable import make_hashable

django/db/models/functions/text.py

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
+from django.db import NotSupportedError
 from django.db.models.expressions import Func, Value
 from django.db.models.fields import IntegerField
 from django.db.models.functions import Coalesce
 from django.db.models.lookups import Transform
-from django.db.utils import NotSupportedError
 
 
 class BytesToCharFieldConversionMixin:

django/db/models/options.py

@@ -7,9 +7,7 @@ from django.apps import apps
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.core.exceptions import FieldDoesNotExist
 from django.db import connections
-from django.db.models import Manager
-from django.db.models.fields import AutoField
-from django.db.models.fields.proxy import OrderWrt
+from django.db.models import AutoField, Manager, OrderWrt
 from django.db.models.query_utils import PathInfo
 from django.utils.datastructures import ImmutableList, OrderedSet
 from django.utils.functional import cached_property

django/db/models/query.py

@@ -12,19 +12,17 @@ from itertools import chain
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.core import exceptions
 from django.db import (
-    DJANGO_VERSION_PICKLE_KEY, IntegrityError, connections, router,
-    transaction,
+    DJANGO_VERSION_PICKLE_KEY, IntegrityError, NotSupportedError, connections,
+    router, transaction,
 )
-from django.db.models import DateField, DateTimeField, sql
+from django.db.models import AutoField, DateField, DateTimeField, sql
 from django.db.models.constants import LOOKUP_SEP
 from django.db.models.deletion import Collector
 from django.db.models.expressions import Case, Expression, F, Value, When
-from django.db.models.fields import AutoField
 from django.db.models.functions import Cast, Trunc
 from django.db.models.query_utils import FilteredRelation, Q
 from django.db.models.sql.constants import CURSOR, GET_ITERATOR_CHUNK_SIZE
 from django.db.models.utils import resolve_callables
-from django.db.utils import NotSupportedError
 from django.utils import timezone
 from django.utils.functional import cached_property, partition
 from django.utils.version import get_version

django/db/models/sql/compiler.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from functools import partial
 from itertools import chain
 
 from django.core.exceptions import EmptyResultSet, FieldError
+from django.db import DatabaseError, NotSupportedError
 from django.db.models.constants import LOOKUP_SEP
 from django.db.models.expressions import OrderBy, Random, RawSQL, Ref, Value
 from django.db.models.functions import Cast
@@ -13,7 +14,6 @@ from django.db.models.sql.constants import (
 )
 from django.db.models.sql.query import Query, get_order_dir
 from django.db.transaction import TransactionManagementError
-from django.db.utils import DatabaseError, NotSupportedError
 from django.utils.functional import cached_property
 from django.utils.hashable import make_hashable
 

django/forms/models.py

@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ def fields_for_model(model, fields=None, exclude=None, widgets=None,
     ignored = []
     opts = model._meta
     # Avoid circular import
-    from django.db.models.fields import Field as ModelField
+    from django.db.models import Field as ModelField
     sortable_private_fields = [f for f in opts.private_fields if isinstance(f, ModelField)]
     for f in sorted(chain(opts.concrete_fields, sortable_private_fields, opts.many_to_many)):
         if not getattr(f, 'editable', False):

django/views/generic/list.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
 from django.core.paginator import InvalidPage, Paginator
-from django.db.models.query import QuerySet
+from django.db.models import QuerySet
 from django.http import Http404
 from django.utils.translation import gettext as _
 from django.views.generic.base import ContextMixin, TemplateResponseMixin, View

docs/howto/custom-lookups.txt

@@ -42,12 +42,12 @@ the field class we want the lookup to be available for. In this case, the lookup
 makes sense on all ``Field`` subclasses, so we register it with ``Field``
 directly::
 
-  from django.db.models.fields import Field
+  from django.db.models import Field
   Field.register_lookup(NotEqual)
 
 Lookup registration can also be done using a decorator pattern::
 
-    from django.db.models.fields import Field
+    from django.db.models import Field
 
     @Field.register_lookup
     class NotEqualLookup(Lookup):

tests/admin_changelist/tests.py

@@ -10,8 +10,7 @@ from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
 from django.contrib.messages.storage.cookie import CookieStorage
 from django.db import connection, models
-from django.db.models import F
-from django.db.models.fields import Field, IntegerField
+from django.db.models import F, Field, IntegerField
 from django.db.models.functions import Upper
 from django.db.models.lookups import Contains, Exact
 from django.template import Context, Template, TemplateSyntaxError

tests/aggregation/tests.py

@@ -5,10 +5,9 @@ from decimal import Decimal
 from django.core.exceptions import FieldError
 from django.db import connection
 from django.db.models import (
-    Avg, Count, DecimalField, DurationField, F, FloatField, Func, IntegerField,
-    Max, Min, Sum, Value,
+    Avg, Case, Count, DecimalField, DurationField, Exists, F, FloatField, Func,
+    IntegerField, Max, Min, OuterRef, Subquery, Sum, Value, When,
 )
-from django.db.models.expressions import Case, Exists, OuterRef, Subquery, When
 from django.db.models.functions import Coalesce
 from django.test import TestCase
 from django.test.testcases import skipUnlessDBFeature

tests/aggregation_regress/tests.py

@@ -8,10 +8,9 @@ from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
 from django.core.exceptions import FieldError
 from django.db import connection
 from django.db.models import (
-    Avg, Case, Count, DecimalField, F, IntegerField, Max, Q, StdDev, Sum,
-    Value, Variance, When,
+    Aggregate, Avg, Case, Count, DecimalField, F, IntegerField, Max, Q, StdDev,
+    Sum, Value, Variance, When,
 )
-from django.db.models.aggregates import Aggregate
 from django.test import TestCase, skipUnlessAnyDBFeature, skipUnlessDBFeature
 from django.test.utils import Approximate
 

tests/backends/mysql/test_creation.py

@@ -3,10 +3,9 @@ import unittest
 from io import StringIO
 from unittest import mock
 
-from django.db import connection
+from django.db import DatabaseError, connection
 from django.db.backends.base.creation import BaseDatabaseCreation
 from django.db.backends.mysql.creation import DatabaseCreation
-from django.db.utils import DatabaseError
 from django.test import SimpleTestCase
 
 

tests/backends/oracle/test_creation.py

@@ -2,9 +2,8 @@ import unittest
 from io import StringIO
 from unittest import mock
 
-from django.db import connection
+from django.db import DatabaseError, connection
 from django.db.backends.oracle.creation import DatabaseCreation
-from django.db.utils import DatabaseError
 from django.test import TestCase
 
 

tests/backends/oracle/tests.py

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 import unittest
 
-from django.db import connection
-from django.db.models.fields import BooleanField, NullBooleanField
-from django.db.utils import DatabaseError
+from django.db import DatabaseError, connection
+from django.db.models import BooleanField, NullBooleanField
 from django.test import TransactionTestCase
 
 from ..models import Square

tests/backends/postgresql/test_creation.py

@@ -3,9 +3,8 @@ from contextlib import contextmanager
 from io import StringIO
 from unittest import mock
 
-from django.db import connection
+from django.db import DatabaseError, connection
 from django.db.backends.base.creation import BaseDatabaseCreation
-from django.db.utils import DatabaseError
 from django.test import SimpleTestCase
 
 try:

tests/backends/sqlite/tests.py

@@ -8,11 +8,9 @@ from sqlite3 import dbapi2
 from unittest import mock
 
 from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
-from django.db import ConnectionHandler, connection, transaction
-from django.db.models import Avg, StdDev, Sum, Variance
-from django.db.models.aggregates import Aggregate
-from django.db.models.fields import CharField
-from django.db.utils import NotSupportedError
+from django.db import NotSupportedError, connection, transaction
+from django.db.models import Aggregate, Avg, CharField, StdDev, Sum, Variance
+from django.db.utils import ConnectionHandler
 from django.test import (
     TestCase, TransactionTestCase, override_settings, skipIfDBFeature,
 )

tests/backends/test_utils.py

@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
 """Tests for django.db.backends.utils"""
 from decimal import Decimal, Rounded
 
-from django.db import connection
+from django.db import NotSupportedError, connection
 from django.db.backends.utils import (
     format_number, split_identifier, truncate_name,
 )
-from django.db.utils import NotSupportedError
 from django.test import (
     SimpleTestCase, TransactionTestCase, skipIfDBFeature, skipUnlessDBFeature,
 )

tests/basic/tests.py

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ from unittest import mock
 from django.core.exceptions import MultipleObjectsReturned, ObjectDoesNotExist
 from django.db import DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS, DatabaseError, connections, models
 from django.db.models.manager import BaseManager
-from django.db.models.query import MAX_GET_RESULTS, EmptyQuerySet, QuerySet
+from django.db.models.query import MAX_GET_RESULTS, EmptyQuerySet
 from django.test import (
     SimpleTestCase, TestCase, TransactionTestCase, skipUnlessDBFeature,
 )
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ class ModelTest(TestCase):
         # A hacky test for custom QuerySet subclass - refs #17271
         Article.objects.create(headline='foo', pub_date=datetime.now())
 
-        class CustomQuerySet(QuerySet):
+        class CustomQuerySet(models.QuerySet):
             def do_something(self):
                 return 'did something'
 
@@ -607,7 +607,7 @@ class ManagerTest(SimpleTestCase):
         `Manager` will need to be added to `ManagerTest.QUERYSET_PROXY_METHODS`.
         """
         self.assertEqual(
-            sorted(BaseManager._get_queryset_methods(QuerySet)),
+            sorted(BaseManager._get_queryset_methods(models.QuerySet)),
             sorted(self.QUERYSET_PROXY_METHODS),
         )
 
@@ -640,7 +640,7 @@ class SelectOnSaveTests(TestCase):
 
         orig_class = Article._base_manager._queryset_class
 
-        class FakeQuerySet(QuerySet):
+        class FakeQuerySet(models.QuerySet):
             # Make sure the _update method below is in fact called.
             called = False
 

tests/db_functions/comparison/test_cast.py

@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@ import decimal
 import unittest
 
 from django.db import connection, models
-from django.db.models import Avg
-from django.db.models.expressions import Value
 from django.db.models.functions import Cast
 from django.test import (
     TestCase, ignore_warnings, override_settings, skipUnlessDBFeature,
@@ -19,7 +17,7 @@ class CastTests(TestCase):
         Author.objects.create(name='Bob', age=1, alias='1')
 
     def test_cast_from_value(self):
-        numbers = Author.objects.annotate(cast_integer=Cast(Value('0'), models.IntegerField()))
+        numbers = Author.objects.annotate(cast_integer=Cast(models.Value('0'), models.IntegerField()))
         self.assertEqual(numbers.get().cast_integer, 0)
 
     def test_cast_from_field(self):
@@ -127,7 +125,7 @@ class CastTests(TestCase):
         The SQL for the Cast expression is wrapped with parentheses in case
         it's a complex expression.
         """
-        list(Author.objects.annotate(cast_float=Cast(Avg('age'), models.FloatField())))
+        list(Author.objects.annotate(cast_float=Cast(models.Avg('age'), models.FloatField())))
         self.assertIn('(AVG("db_functions_author"."age"))::double precision', connection.queries[-1]['sql'])
 
     def test_cast_to_text_field(self):

tests/db_functions/text/test_sha224.py

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 import unittest
 
-from django.db import connection
+from django.db import NotSupportedError, connection
 from django.db.models import CharField
 from django.db.models.functions import SHA224
-from django.db.utils import NotSupportedError
 from django.test import TestCase
 from django.test.utils import register_lookup
 

tests/db_utils/tests.py

@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 import unittest
 
 from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
-from django.db import DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS, connection
-from django.db.utils import ConnectionHandler, ProgrammingError, load_backend
+from django.db import DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS, ProgrammingError, connection
+from django.db.utils import ConnectionHandler, load_backend
 from django.test import SimpleTestCase, TestCase
 
 

tests/delete/tests.py

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 from math import ceil
 
 from django.db import connection, models
-from django.db.models.deletion import (
-    Collector, ProtectedError, RestrictedError,
-)
+from django.db.models import ProtectedError, RestrictedError
+from django.db.models.deletion import Collector
 from django.db.models.sql.constants import GET_ITERATOR_CHUNK_SIZE
 from django.test import TestCase, skipIfDBFeature, skipUnlessDBFeature
 

tests/expressions/test_queryset_values.py

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-from django.db.models.aggregates import Sum
-from django.db.models.expressions import F
+from django.db.models import F, Sum
 from django.test import TestCase
 
 from .models import Company, Employee

tests/expressions/tests.py

@@ -6,16 +6,14 @@ from copy import deepcopy
 from unittest import mock
 
 from django.core.exceptions import FieldError
-from django.db import DatabaseError, connection, models
-from django.db.models import CharField, Q, TimeField, UUIDField
-from django.db.models.aggregates import (
-    Avg, Count, Max, Min, StdDev, Sum, Variance,
-)
-from django.db.models.expressions import (
-    Case, Col, Combinable, Exists, Expression, ExpressionList,
-    ExpressionWrapper, F, Func, OrderBy, OuterRef, Random, RawSQL, Ref,
-    Subquery, Value, When,
+from django.db import DatabaseError, connection
+from django.db.models import (
+    Avg, BooleanField, Case, CharField, Count, DateField, DateTimeField,
+    DurationField, Exists, Expression, ExpressionList, ExpressionWrapper, F,
+    Func, IntegerField, Max, Min, Model, OrderBy, OuterRef, Q, StdDev,
+    Subquery, Sum, TimeField, UUIDField, Value, Variance, When,
 )
+from django.db.models.expressions import Col, Combinable, Random, RawSQL, Ref
 from django.db.models.functions import (
     Coalesce, Concat, Length, Lower, Substr, Upper,
 )
@@ -57,7 +55,7 @@ class BasicExpressionsTests(TestCase):
         ).values('num_employees', 'salaries').aggregate(
             result=Sum(
                 F('salaries') + F('num_employees'),
-                output_field=models.IntegerField()
+                output_field=IntegerField()
             ),
         )
         self.assertEqual(companies['result'], 2395)
@@ -79,7 +77,7 @@ class BasicExpressionsTests(TestCase):
     def test_filtering_on_annotate_that_uses_q(self):
         self.assertEqual(
             Company.objects.annotate(
-                num_employees_check=ExpressionWrapper(Q(num_employees__gt=3), output_field=models.BooleanField())
+                num_employees_check=ExpressionWrapper(Q(num_employees__gt=3), output_field=BooleanField())
             ).filter(num_employees_check=True).count(),
             2,
         )
@@ -87,7 +85,7 @@ class BasicExpressionsTests(TestCase):
     def test_filtering_on_q_that_is_boolean(self):
         self.assertEqual(
             Company.objects.filter(
-                ExpressionWrapper(Q(num_employees__gt=3), output_field=models.BooleanField())
+                ExpressionWrapper(Q(num_employees__gt=3), output_field=BooleanField())
             ).count(),
             2,
         )
@@ -95,7 +93,7 @@ class BasicExpressionsTests(TestCase):
     def test_filtering_on_rawsql_that_is_boolean(self):
         self.assertEqual(
             Company.objects.filter(
-                RawSQL('num_employees > %s', (3,), output_field=models.BooleanField()),
+                RawSQL('num_employees > %s', (3,), output_field=BooleanField()),
             ).count(),
             2,
         )
@@ -438,7 +436,7 @@ class BasicExpressionsTests(TestCase):
 
     def test_exist_single_field_output_field(self):
         queryset = Company.objects.values('pk')
-        self.assertIsInstance(Exists(queryset).output_field, models.BooleanField)
+        self.assertIsInstance(Exists(queryset).output_field, BooleanField)
 
     def test_subquery(self):
         Company.objects.filter(name='Example Inc.').update(
@@ -452,8 +450,8 @@ class BasicExpressionsTests(TestCase):
             is_ceo_of_small_company=Exists(Company.objects.filter(num_employees__lt=200, ceo=OuterRef('pk'))),
             is_ceo_small_2=~~Exists(Company.objects.filter(num_employees__lt=200, ceo=OuterRef('pk'))),
             largest_company=Subquery(Company.objects.order_by('-num_employees').filter(
-                models.Q(ceo=OuterRef('pk')) | models.Q(point_of_contact=OuterRef('pk'))
-            ).values('name')[:1], output_field=models.CharField())
+                Q(ceo=OuterRef('pk')) | Q(point_of_contact=OuterRef('pk'))
+            ).values('name')[:1], output_field=CharField())
         ).values(
             'firstname',
             'is_point_of_contact',
@@ -533,7 +531,7 @@ class BasicExpressionsTests(TestCase):
         contrived = Employee.objects.annotate(
             is_point_of_contact=Subquery(
                 outer.filter(pk=OuterRef('pk')).values('is_point_of_contact'),
-                output_field=models.BooleanField(),
+                output_field=BooleanField(),
             ),
         )
         self.assertCountEqual(contrived.values_list(), outer.values_list())
@@ -564,7 +562,7 @@ class BasicExpressionsTests(TestCase):
         ])
         inner = Time.objects.filter(time=OuterRef(OuterRef('time')), pk=OuterRef('start')).values('time')
         middle = SimulationRun.objects.annotate(other=Subquery(inner)).values('other')[:1]
-        outer = Time.objects.annotate(other=Subquery(middle, output_field=models.TimeField()))
+        outer = Time.objects.annotate(other=Subquery(middle, output_field=TimeField()))
         # This is a contrived example. It exercises the double OuterRef form.
         self.assertCountEqual(outer, [first, second, third])
 
@@ -574,7 +572,7 @@ class BasicExpressionsTests(TestCase):
         SimulationRun.objects.create(start=first, end=second, midpoint='12:00')
         inner = SimulationRun.objects.filter(start=OuterRef(OuterRef('pk'))).values('start')
         middle = Time.objects.annotate(other=Subquery(inner)).values('other')[:1]
-        outer = Time.objects.annotate(other=Subquery(middle, output_field=models.IntegerField()))
+        outer = Time.objects.annotate(other=Subquery(middle, output_field=IntegerField()))
         # This exercises the double OuterRef form with AutoField as pk.
         self.assertCountEqual(outer, [first, second])
 
@@ -582,7 +580,7 @@ class BasicExpressionsTests(TestCase):
         Company.objects.filter(num_employees__lt=50).update(ceo=Employee.objects.get(firstname='Frank'))
         inner = Company.objects.filter(
             ceo=OuterRef('pk')
-        ).values('ceo').annotate(total_employees=models.Sum('num_employees')).values('total_employees')
+        ).values('ceo').annotate(total_employees=Sum('num_employees')).values('total_employees')
         outer = Employee.objects.annotate(total_employees=Subquery(inner)).filter(salary__lte=Subquery(inner))
         self.assertSequenceEqual(
             outer.order_by('-total_employees').values('salary', 'total_employees'),
@@ -632,7 +630,7 @@ class BasicExpressionsTests(TestCase):
 
     def test_explicit_output_field(self):
         class FuncA(Func):
-            output_field = models.CharField()
+            output_field = CharField()
 
         class FuncB(Func):
             pass
@@ -656,13 +654,13 @@ class BasicExpressionsTests(TestCase):
                 Company.objects.annotate(
                     salary_raise=OuterRef('num_employees') + F('num_employees'),
                 ).order_by('-salary_raise').values('salary_raise')[:1],
-                output_field=models.IntegerField(),
+                output_field=IntegerField(),
             ),
         ).get(pk=self.gmbh.pk)
         self.assertEqual(gmbh_salary.max_ceo_salary_raise, 2332)
 
     def test_pickle_expression(self):
-        expr = Value(1, output_field=models.IntegerField())
+        expr = Value(1, output_field=IntegerField())
         expr.convert_value  # populate cached property
         self.assertEqual(pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(expr)), expr)
 
@@ -697,7 +695,7 @@ class BasicExpressionsTests(TestCase):
                 When(Exists(is_ceo), then=True),
                 When(Exists(is_poc), then=True),
                 default=False,
-                output_field=models.BooleanField(),
+                output_field=BooleanField(),
             ),
         )
         self.assertSequenceEqual(qs, [self.example_inc.ceo, self.foobar_ltd.ceo, self.max])
@@ -986,18 +984,18 @@ class SimpleExpressionTests(SimpleTestCase):
     def test_equal(self):
         self.assertEqual(Expression(), Expression())
         self.assertEqual(
-            Expression(models.IntegerField()),
-            Expression(output_field=models.IntegerField())
+            Expression(IntegerField()),
+            Expression(output_field=IntegerField())
         )
-        self.assertEqual(Expression(models.IntegerField()), mock.ANY)
+        self.assertEqual(Expression(IntegerField()), mock.ANY)
         self.assertNotEqual(
-            Expression(models.IntegerField()),
-            Expression(models.CharField())
+            Expression(IntegerField()),
+            Expression(CharField())
         )
 
-        class TestModel(models.Model):
-            field = models.IntegerField()
-            other_field = models.IntegerField()
+        class TestModel(Model):
+            field = IntegerField()
+            other_field = IntegerField()
 
         self.assertNotEqual(
             Expression(TestModel._meta.get_field('field')),
@@ -1007,17 +1005,17 @@ class SimpleExpressionTests(SimpleTestCase):
     def test_hash(self):
         self.assertEqual(hash(Expression()), hash(Expression()))
         self.assertEqual(
-            hash(Expression(models.IntegerField())),
-            hash(Expression(output_field=models.IntegerField()))
+            hash(Expression(IntegerField())),
+            hash(Expression(output_field=IntegerField()))
         )
         self.assertNotEqual(
-            hash(Expression(models.IntegerField())),
-            hash(Expression(models.CharField())),
+            hash(Expression(IntegerField())),
+            hash(Expression(CharField())),
         )
 
-        class TestModel(models.Model):
-            field = models.IntegerField()
-            other_field = models.IntegerField()
+        class TestModel(Model):
+            field = IntegerField()
+            other_field = IntegerField()
 
         self.assertNotEqual(
             hash(Expression(TestModel._meta.get_field('field'))),
@@ -1392,8 +1390,8 @@ class FTimeDeltaTests(TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(delta_math, ['e4'])
 
         queryset = Experiment.objects.annotate(shifted=ExpressionWrapper(
-            F('start') + Value(None, output_field=models.DurationField()),
-            output_field=models.DateTimeField(),
+            F('start') + Value(None, output_field=DurationField()),
+            output_field=DateTimeField(),
         ))
         self.assertIsNone(queryset.first().shifted)
 
@@ -1401,7 +1399,7 @@ class FTimeDeltaTests(TestCase):
     def test_date_subtraction(self):
         queryset = Experiment.objects.annotate(
             completion_duration=ExpressionWrapper(
-                F('completed') - F('assigned'), output_field=models.DurationField()
+                F('completed') - F('assigned'), output_field=DurationField()
             )
         )
 
@@ -1415,14 +1413,14 @@ class FTimeDeltaTests(TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(less_than_5_days, {'e0', 'e1', 'e2'})
 
         queryset = Experiment.objects.annotate(difference=ExpressionWrapper(
-            F('completed') - Value(None, output_field=models.DateField()),
-            output_field=models.DurationField(),
+            F('completed') - Value(None, output_field=DateField()),
+            output_field=DurationField(),
         ))
         self.assertIsNone(queryset.first().difference)
 
         queryset = Experiment.objects.annotate(shifted=ExpressionWrapper(
-            F('completed') - Value(None, output_field=models.DurationField()),
-            output_field=models.DateField(),
+            F('completed') - Value(None, output_field=DurationField()),
+            output_field=DateField(),
         ))
         self.assertIsNone(queryset.first().shifted)
 
@@ -1431,7 +1429,7 @@ class FTimeDeltaTests(TestCase):
         subquery = Experiment.objects.filter(pk=OuterRef('pk')).values('completed')
         queryset = Experiment.objects.annotate(
             difference=ExpressionWrapper(
-                subquery - F('completed'), output_field=models.DurationField(),
+                subquery - F('completed'), output_field=DurationField(),
             ),
         ).filter(difference=datetime.timedelta())
         self.assertTrue(queryset.exists())
@@ -1441,8 +1439,8 @@ class FTimeDeltaTests(TestCase):
         Time.objects.create(time=datetime.time(12, 30, 15, 2345))
         queryset = Time.objects.annotate(
             difference=ExpressionWrapper(
-                F('time') - Value(datetime.time(11, 15, 0), output_field=models.TimeField()),
-                output_field=models.DurationField(),
+                F('time') - Value(datetime.time(11, 15, 0), output_field=TimeField()),
+                output_field=DurationField(),
             )
         )
         self.assertEqual(
@@ -1451,14 +1449,14 @@ class FTimeDeltaTests(TestCase):
         )
 
         queryset = Time.objects.annotate(difference=ExpressionWrapper(
-            F('time') - Value(None, output_field=models.TimeField()),
-            output_field=models.DurationField(),
+            F('time') - Value(None, output_field=TimeField()),
+            output_field=DurationField(),
         ))
         self.assertIsNone(queryset.first().difference)
 
         queryset = Time.objects.annotate(shifted=ExpressionWrapper(
-            F('time') - Value(None, output_field=models.DurationField()),
-            output_field=models.TimeField(),
+            F('time') - Value(None, output_field=DurationField()),
+            output_field=TimeField(),
         ))
         self.assertIsNone(queryset.first().shifted)
 
@@ -1468,7 +1466,7 @@ class FTimeDeltaTests(TestCase):
         subquery = Time.objects.filter(pk=OuterRef('pk')).values('time')
         queryset = Time.objects.annotate(
             difference=ExpressionWrapper(
-                subquery - F('time'), output_field=models.DurationField(),
+                subquery - F('time'), output_field=DurationField(),
             ),
         ).filter(difference=datetime.timedelta())
         self.assertTrue(queryset.exists())
@@ -1486,14 +1484,14 @@ class FTimeDeltaTests(TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(over_estimate, ['e4'])
 
         queryset = Experiment.objects.annotate(difference=ExpressionWrapper(
-            F('start') - Value(None, output_field=models.DateTimeField()),
-            output_field=models.DurationField(),
+            F('start') - Value(None, output_field=DateTimeField()),
+            output_field=DurationField(),
         ))
         self.assertIsNone(queryset.first().difference)
 
         queryset = Experiment.objects.annotate(shifted=ExpressionWrapper(
-            F('start') - Value(None, output_field=models.DurationField()),
-            output_field=models.DateTimeField(),
+            F('start') - Value(None, output_field=DurationField()),
+            output_field=DateTimeField(),
         ))
         self.assertIsNone(queryset.first().shifted)
 
@@ -1502,7 +1500,7 @@ class FTimeDeltaTests(TestCase):
         subquery = Experiment.objects.filter(pk=OuterRef('pk')).values('start')
         queryset = Experiment.objects.annotate(
             difference=ExpressionWrapper(
-                subquery - F('start'), output_field=models.DurationField(),
+                subquery - F('start'), output_field=DurationField(),
             ),
         ).filter(difference=datetime.timedelta())
         self.assertTrue(queryset.exists())
@@ -1512,7 +1510,7 @@ class FTimeDeltaTests(TestCase):
         delta = datetime.timedelta(microseconds=8999999999999999)
         Experiment.objects.update(end=F('start') + delta)
         qs = Experiment.objects.annotate(
-            delta=ExpressionWrapper(F('end') - F('start'), output_field=models.DurationField())
+            delta=ExpressionWrapper(F('end') - F('start'), output_field=DurationField())
         )
         for e in qs:
             self.assertEqual(e.delta, delta)
@@ -1530,14 +1528,14 @@ class FTimeDeltaTests(TestCase):
         delta = datetime.timedelta(microseconds=8999999999999999)
         qs = Experiment.objects.annotate(dt=ExpressionWrapper(
             F('start') + delta,
-            output_field=models.DateTimeField(),
+            output_field=DateTimeField(),
         ))
         for e in qs:
             self.assertEqual(e.dt, e.start + delta)
 
     def test_date_minus_duration(self):
         more_than_4_days = Experiment.objects.filter(
-            assigned__lt=F('completed') - Value(datetime.timedelta(days=4), output_field=models.DurationField())
+            assigned__lt=F('completed') - Value(datetime.timedelta(days=4), output_field=DurationField())
         )
         self.assertQuerysetEqual(more_than_4_days, ['e3', 'e4', 'e5'], lambda e: e.name)
 
@@ -1661,7 +1659,7 @@ class ReprTests(SimpleTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(repr(F('published')), "F(published)")
         self.assertEqual(repr(F('cost') + F('tax')), "<CombinedExpression: F(cost) + F(tax)>")
         self.assertEqual(
-            repr(ExpressionWrapper(F('cost') + F('tax'), models.IntegerField())),
+            repr(ExpressionWrapper(F('cost') + F('tax'), IntegerField())),
             "ExpressionWrapper(F(cost) + F(tax))"
         )
         self.assertEqual(repr(Func('published', function='TO_CHAR')), "Func(F(published), function=TO_CHAR)")

tests/expressions_case/tests.py

@@ -5,9 +5,11 @@ from operator import attrgetter, itemgetter
 from uuid import UUID
 
 from django.core.exceptions import FieldError
-from django.db import models
-from django.db.models import F, Max, Min, Q, Sum, Value
-from django.db.models.expressions import Case, When
+from django.db.models import (
+    BinaryField, Case, CharField, Count, DurationField, F,
+    GenericIPAddressField, IntegerField, Max, Min, Q, Sum, TextField,
+    TimeField, UUIDField, Value, When,
+)
 from django.test import SimpleTestCase, TestCase
 
 from .models import CaseTestModel, Client, FKCaseTestModel, O2OCaseTestModel
@@ -57,7 +59,7 @@ class CaseExpressionTests(TestCase):
         # GROUP BY on Oracle fails with TextField/BinaryField; see #24096.
         cls.non_lob_fields = [
             f.name for f in CaseTestModel._meta.get_fields()
-            if not (f.is_relation and f.auto_created) and not isinstance(f, (models.BinaryField, models.TextField))
+            if not (f.is_relation and f.auto_created) and not isinstance(f, (BinaryField, TextField))
         ]
 
     def test_annotate(self):
@@ -66,7 +68,7 @@ class CaseExpressionTests(TestCase):
                 When(integer=1, then=Value('one')),
                 When(integer=2, then=Value('two')),
                 default=Value('other'),
-                output_field=models.CharField(),
+                output_field=CharField(),
             )).order_by('pk'),
             [(1, 'one'), (2, 'two'), (3, 'other'), (2, 'two'), (3, 'other'), (3, 'other'), (4, 'other')],
             transform=attrgetter('integer', 'test')
@@ -77,7 +79,7 @@ class CaseExpressionTests(TestCase):
             CaseTestModel.objects.annotate(test=Case(
                 When(integer=1, then=1),
                 When(integer=2, then=2),
-                output_field=models.IntegerField(),
+                output_field=IntegerField(),
             )).order_by('pk'),
             [(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, None), (2, 2), (3, None), (3, None), (4, None)],
             transform=attrgetter('integer', 'test')
@@ -99,7 +101,7 @@ class CaseExpressionTests(TestCase):
             CaseTestModel.objects.annotate(f_test=Case(
                 When(integer2=F('integer'), then=Value('equal')),
                 When(integer2=F('integer') + 1, then=Value('+1')),
-                output_field=models.CharField(),
+                output_field=CharField(),
             )).order_by('pk'),
             [(1, 'equal'), (2, '+1'), (3, '+1'), (2, 'equal'), (3, '+1'), (3, 'equal'), (4, '+1')],
             transform=attrgetter('integer', 'f_test')
@@ -133,7 +135,7 @@ class CaseExpressionTests(TestCase):
                 When(integer2=F('o2o_rel__integer'), then=Value('equal')),
                 When(integer2=F('o2o_rel__integer') + 1, then=Value('+1')),
                 default=Value('other'),
-                output_field=models.CharField(),
+                output_field=CharField(),
             )).order_by('pk'),
             [(1, 'equal'), (2, '+1'), (3, '+1'), (2, 'equal'), (3, '+1'), (3, 'equal'), (4, 'other')],
             transform=attrgetter('integer', 'join_test')
@@ -146,7 +148,7 @@ class CaseExpressionTests(TestCase):
                 When(o2o_rel__integer=2, then=Value('two')),
                 When(o2o_rel__integer=3, then=Value('three')),
                 default=Value('other'),
-                output_field=models.CharField(),
+                output_field=CharField(),
             )).order_by('pk'),
             [(1, 'one'), (2, 'two'), (3, 'three'), (2, 'two'), (3, 'three'), (3, 'three'), (4, 'one')],
             transform=attrgetter('integer', 'join_test')
@@ -176,7 +178,7 @@ class CaseExpressionTests(TestCase):
                 f_test=Case(
                     When(integer2=F('integer'), then=Value('equal')),
                     When(integer2=F('f_plus_1'), then=Value('+1')),
-                    output_field=models.CharField(),
+                    output_field=CharField(),
                 ),
             ).order_by('pk'),
             [(1, 'equal'), (2, '+1'), (3, '+1'), (2, 'equal'), (3, '+1'), (3, 'equal'), (4, '+1')],
@@ -193,7 +195,7 @@ class CaseExpressionTests(TestCase):
                     When(f_minus_2=0, then=Value('zero')),
                     When(f_minus_2=1, then=Value('one')),
                     default=Value('other'),
-                    output_field=models.CharField(),
+                    output_field=CharField(),
                 ),
             ).order_by('pk'),
             [(1, 'negative one'), (2, 'zero'), (3, 'one'), (2, 'zero'), (3, 'one'), (3, 'one'), (4, 'other')],
@@ -224,7 +226,7 @@ class CaseExpressionTests(TestCase):
                 test=Case(
                     When(integer2=F('min'), then=Value('min')),
                     When(integer2=F('max'), then=Value('max')),
-                    output_field=models.CharField(),
+                    output_field=CharField(),
                 ),
             ).order_by('pk'),
             [(1, 1, 'min'), (2, 3, 'max'), (3, 4, 'max'), (2, 2, 'min'), (3, 4, 'max'), (3, 3, 'min'), (4, 5, 'min')],
@@ -240,7 +242,7 @@ class CaseExpressionTests(TestCase):
                     When(max=3, then=Value('max = 3')),
                     When(max=4, then=Value('max = 4')),
                     default=Value(''),
-                    output_field=models.CharField(),
+                    output_field=CharField(),
                 ),
             ).order_by('pk'),
             [(1, 1, ''), (2, 3, 'max = 3'), (3, 4, 'max = 4'), (2, 3, 'max = 3'),
@@ -254,7 +256,7 @@ class CaseExpressionTests(TestCase):
                 When(integer=1, then=Value('one')),
                 When(integer=2, then=Value('two')),
                 default=Value('other'),
-                output_field=models.CharField(),
+                output_field=CharField(),
             )).exclude(test='other').order_by('pk'),
             [(1, 'one'), (2, 'two'), (2, 'two')],
             transform=attrgetter('integer', 'test')
@@ -267,7 +269,7 @@ class CaseExpressionTests(TestCase):
                 When(integer=2, then=Value('two')),
                 When(integer=3, then=Value('three')),
                 default=Value('other'),
-                output_field=models.CharField(),
+                output_field=CharField(),
             )).order_by('test').values_list('integer', flat=True)),
             [1, 4, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2]
         )
@@ -276,7 +278,7 @@ class CaseExpressionTests(TestCase):
         objects = CaseTestModel.objects.annotate(
             selected=Case(
                 When(pk__in=[], then=Value('selected')),
-                default=Value('not selected'), output_field=models.CharField()
+                default=Value('not selected'), output_field=CharField()
             )
         )
         self.assertEqual(len(objects), CaseTestModel.objects.count())
@@ -289,7 +291,7 @@ class CaseExpressionTests(TestCase):
                     When(integer=1, then=2),
                     When(integer=2, then=1),
                     default=3,
-                    output_field=models.IntegerField(),
+                    output_field=IntegerField(),
                 ) + 1,
             ).order_by('pk'),
             [(1, 3), (2, 2), (3, 4), (2, 2), (3, 4), (3, 4), (4, 4)],
@@ -303,7 +305,7 @@ class CaseExpressionTests(TestCase):
                     test=Case(
                         When(integer=F('integer2'), then='pk'),
                         When(integer=4, then='pk'),
-                        output_field=models.IntegerField(),
+                        output_field=IntegerField(),
                     ),
                 ).values('test')).order_by('pk'),
             [(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 5)],
@@ -314,7 +316,7 @@ class CaseExpressionTests(TestCase):
         SOME_CASE = Case(
             When(pk=0, then=Value('0')),
             default=Value('1'),
-            output_field=models.CharField(),
+            output_field=CharField(),
         )
         self.assertQuerysetEqual(
             CaseTestModel.objects.annotate(somecase=SOME_CASE).order_by('pk'),
@@ -325,21 +327,21 @@ class CaseExpressionTests(TestCase):
     def test_aggregate(self):
         self.assertEqual(
             CaseTestModel.objects.aggregate(
-                one=models.Sum(Case(
+                one=Sum(Case(
                     When(integer=1, then=1),
-                    output_field=models.IntegerField(),
+                    output_field=IntegerField(),
                 )),
-                two=models.Sum(Case(
+                two=Sum(Case(
                     When(integer=2, then=1),
-                    output_field=models.IntegerField(),
+                    output_field=IntegerField(),
                 )),
-                three=models.Sum(Case(
+                three=Sum(Case(
                     When(integer=3, then=1),
-                    output_field=models.IntegerField(),
+                    output_field=IntegerField(),
                 )),
-                four=models.Sum(Case(
+                four=Sum(Case(
                     When(integer=4, then=1),
-                    output_field=models.IntegerField(),
+                    output_field=IntegerField(),
                 )),
             ),
             {'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3, 'four': 1}
@@ -348,9 +350,9 @@ class CaseExpressionTests(TestCase):
     def test_aggregate_with_expression_as_value(self):
         self.assertEqual(
             CaseTestModel.objects.aggregate(
-                one=models.Sum(Case(When(integer=1, then='integer'))),
-                two=models.Sum(Case(When(integer=2, then=F('integer') - 1))),
-                three=models.Sum(Case(When(integer=3, then=F('integer') + 1))),
+                one=Sum(Case(When(integer=1, then='integer'))),
+                two=Sum(Case(When(integer=2, then=F('integer') - 1))),
+                three=Sum(Case(When(integer=3, then=F('integer') + 1))),
             ),
             {'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 12}
         )
@@ -358,13 +360,13 @@ class CaseExpressionTests(TestCase):
     def test_aggregate_with_expression_as_condition(self):
         self.assertEqual(
             CaseTestModel.objects.aggregate(
-                equal=models.Sum(Case(
+                equal=Sum(Case(
                     When(integer2=F('integer'), then=1),
-                    output_field=models.IntegerField(),
+                    output_field=IntegerField(),
                 )),
-                plus_one=models.Sum(Case(
+                plus_one=Sum(Case(
                     When(integer2=F('integer') + 1, then=1),
-                    output_field=models.IntegerField(),
+                    output_field=IntegerField(),
                 )),
             ),
             {'equal': 3, 'plus_one': 4}
@@ -376,7 +378,7 @@ class CaseExpressionTests(TestCase):
                 When(integer=2, then=3),
                 When(integer=3, then=4),
                 default=1,
-                output_field=models.IntegerField(),
+                output_field=IntegerField(),
             )).order_by('pk'),
             [(1, 1), (2, 3), (3, 4), (3, 4)],
             transform=attrgetter('integer', 'integer2')
@@ -387,7 +389,7 @@ class CaseExpressionTests(TestCase):
             CaseTestModel.objects.filter(integer2=Case(
                 When(integer=2, then=3),
                 When(integer=3, then=4),
-                output_field=models.IntegerField(),
+                output_field=IntegerField(),
             )).order_by('pk'),
             [(2, 3), (3, 4), (3, 4)],
             transform=attrgetter('integer', 'integer2')
@@ -409,7 +411,7 @@ class CaseExpressionTests(TestCase):
             CaseTestModel.objects.filter(string=Case(
                 When(integer2=F('integer'), then=Value('2')),
                 When(integer2=F('integer') + 1, then=Value('3')),
-                output_field=models.CharField(),
+                output_field=CharField(),
             )).order_by('pk'),
             [(3, 4, '3'), (2, 2, '2'), (3, 4, '3')],
             transform=attrgetter('integer', 'integer2', 'string')
@@ -431,7 +433,7 @@ class CaseExpressionTests(TestCase):
             CaseTestModel.objects.filter(integer=Case(
                 When(integer2=F('o2o_rel__integer') + 1, then=2),
                 When(integer2=F('o2o_rel__integer'), then=3),
-                output_field=models.IntegerField(),
+                output_field=IntegerField(),
             )).order_by('pk'),
             [(2, 3), (3, 3)],
             transform=attrgetter('integer', 'integer2')
@@ -443,7 +445,7 @@ class CaseExpressionTests(TestCase):
                 When(o2o_rel__integer=1, then=1),
                 When(o2o_rel__integer=2, then=3),
                 When(o2o_rel__integer=3, then=4),
-                output_field=models.IntegerField(),
+                output_field=IntegerField(),
             )).order_by('pk'),
             [(1, 1), (2, 3), (3, 4), (3, 4)],
             transform=attrgetter('integer', 'integer2')
@@ -472,7 +474,7 @@ class CaseExpressionTests(TestCase):
                 integer=Case(
                     When(integer2=F('integer'), then=2),
                     When(integer2=F('f_plus_1'), then=3),
-                    output_field=models.IntegerField(),
+                    output_field=IntegerField(),
                 ),
             ).order_by('pk'),
             [(3, 4), (2, 2), (3, 4)],
@@ -488,7 +490,7 @@ class CaseExpressionTests(TestCase):
                     When(f_plus_1=3, then=3),
                     When(f_plus_1=4, then=4),
                     default=1,
-                    output_field=models.IntegerField(),
+                    output_field=IntegerField(),
                 ),
             ).order_by('pk'),
             [(1, 1), (2, 3), (3, 4), (3, 4)],
@@ -599,7 +601,7 @@ class CaseExpressionTests(TestCase):
                 integer=Case(
                     When(integer2=F('o2o_rel__integer') + 1, then=2),
                     When(integer2=F('o2o_rel__integer'), then=3),
-                    output_field=models.IntegerField(),
+                    output_field=IntegerField(),
                 ),
             )
 
@@ -611,7 +613,7 @@ class CaseExpressionTests(TestCase):
                     When(o2o_rel__integer=2, then=Value('two')),
                     When(o2o_rel__integer=3, then=Value('three')),
                     default=Value('other'),
-                    output_field=models.CharField(),
+                    output_field=CharField(),
                 ),
             )
 
@@ -631,9 +633,9 @@ class CaseExpressionTests(TestCase):
     def test_update_binary(self):
         CaseTestModel.objects.update(
             binary=Case(
-                When(integer=1, then=Value(b'one', output_field=models.BinaryField())),
-                When(integer=2, then=Value(b'two', output_field=models.BinaryField())),
-                default=Value(b'', output_field=models.BinaryField()),
+                When(integer=1, then=Value(b'one', output_field=BinaryField())),
+                When(integer=2, then=Value(b'two', output_field=BinaryField())),
+                default=Value(b'', output_field=BinaryField()),
             ),
         )
         self.assertQuerysetEqual(
@@ -714,8 +716,8 @@ class CaseExpressionTests(TestCase):
             duration=Case(
                 # fails on sqlite if output_field is not set explicitly on all
                 # Values containing timedeltas
-                When(integer=1, then=Value(timedelta(1), output_field=models.DurationField())),
-                When(integer=2, then=Value(timedelta(2), output_field=models.DurationField())),
+                When(integer=1, then=Value(timedelta(1), output_field=DurationField())),
+                When(integer=2, then=Value(timedelta(2), output_field=DurationField())),
             ),
         )
         self.assertQuerysetEqual(
@@ -798,7 +800,7 @@ class CaseExpressionTests(TestCase):
                 # fails on postgresql if output_field is not set explicitly
                 When(integer=1, then=Value('1.1.1.1')),
                 When(integer=2, then=Value('2.2.2.2')),
-                output_field=models.GenericIPAddressField(),
+                output_field=GenericIPAddressField(),
             ),
         )
         self.assertQuerysetEqual(
@@ -902,8 +904,8 @@ class CaseExpressionTests(TestCase):
     def test_update_string(self):
         CaseTestModel.objects.filter(string__in=['1', '2']).update(
             string=Case(
-                When(integer=1, then=Value('1', output_field=models.CharField())),
-                When(integer=2, then=Value('2', output_field=models.CharField())),
+                When(integer=1, then=Value('1', output_field=CharField())),
+                When(integer=2, then=Value('2', output_field=CharField())),
             ),
         )
         self.assertQuerysetEqual(
@@ -931,8 +933,8 @@ class CaseExpressionTests(TestCase):
             time=Case(
                 # fails on sqlite if output_field is not set explicitly on all
                 # Values containing times
-                When(integer=1, then=Value(time(1), output_field=models.TimeField())),
-                When(integer=2, then=Value(time(2), output_field=models.TimeField())),
+                When(integer=1, then=Value(time(1), output_field=TimeField())),
+                When(integer=2, then=Value(time(2), output_field=TimeField())),
             ),
         )
         self.assertQuerysetEqual(
@@ -965,11 +967,11 @@ class CaseExpressionTests(TestCase):
                 # Values containing UUIDs
                 When(integer=1, then=Value(
                     UUID('11111111111111111111111111111111'),
-                    output_field=models.UUIDField(),
+                    output_field=UUIDField(),
                 )),
                 When(integer=2, then=Value(
                     UUID('22222222222222222222222222222222'),
-                    output_field=models.UUIDField(),
+                    output_field=UUIDField(),
                 )),
             ),
         )
@@ -1009,7 +1011,7 @@ class CaseExpressionTests(TestCase):
                     When(integer__lt=2, then=Value('less than 2')),
                     When(integer__gt=2, then=Value('greater than 2')),
                     default=Value('equal to 2'),
-                    output_field=models.CharField(),
+                    output_field=CharField(),
                 ),
             ).order_by('pk'),
             [
@@ -1025,7 +1027,7 @@ class CaseExpressionTests(TestCase):
                 test=Case(
                     When(integer=2, integer2=3, then=Value('when')),
                     default=Value('default'),
-                    output_field=models.CharField(),
+                    output_field=CharField(),
                 ),
             ).order_by('pk'),
             [
@@ -1041,7 +1043,7 @@ class CaseExpressionTests(TestCase):
                 test=Case(
                     When(Q(integer=2) | Q(integer2=3), then=Value('when')),
                     default=Value('default'),
-                    output_field=models.CharField(),
+                    output_field=CharField(),
                 ),
             ).order_by('pk'),
             [
@@ -1057,7 +1059,7 @@ class CaseExpressionTests(TestCase):
                 When(integer=1, then=2),
                 When(integer=2, then=1),
                 default=3,
-                output_field=models.IntegerField(),
+                output_field=IntegerField(),
             )).order_by('test', 'pk'),
             [(2, 1), (2, 1), (1, 2)],
             transform=attrgetter('integer', 'test')
@@ -1069,7 +1071,7 @@ class CaseExpressionTests(TestCase):
                 When(integer=1, then=2),
                 When(integer=2, then=1),
                 default=3,
-                output_field=models.IntegerField(),
+                output_field=IntegerField(),
             )).order_by(F('test').asc(), 'pk'),
             [(2, 1), (2, 1), (1, 2)],
             transform=attrgetter('integer', 'test')
@@ -1088,7 +1090,7 @@ class CaseExpressionTests(TestCase):
                 foo=Case(
                     When(fk_rel__pk=1, then=2),
                     default=3,
-                    output_field=models.IntegerField()
+                    output_field=IntegerField()
                 ),
             ),
             [(o, 3)],
@@ -1100,7 +1102,7 @@ class CaseExpressionTests(TestCase):
                 foo=Case(
                     When(fk_rel__isnull=True, then=2),
                     default=3,
-                    output_field=models.IntegerField()
+                    output_field=IntegerField()
                 ),
             ),
             [(o, 2)],
@@ -1120,12 +1122,12 @@ class CaseExpressionTests(TestCase):
                 foo=Case(
                     When(fk_rel__pk=1, then=2),
                     default=3,
-                    output_field=models.IntegerField()
+                    output_field=IntegerField()
                 ),
                 bar=Case(
                     When(fk_rel__pk=1, then=4),
                     default=5,
-                    output_field=models.IntegerField()
+                    output_field=IntegerField()
                 ),
             ),
             [(o, 3, 5)],
@@ -1137,12 +1139,12 @@ class CaseExpressionTests(TestCase):
                 foo=Case(
                     When(fk_rel__isnull=True, then=2),
                     default=3,
-                    output_field=models.IntegerField()
+                    output_field=IntegerField()
                 ),
                 bar=Case(
                     When(fk_rel__isnull=True, then=4),
                     default=5,
-                    output_field=models.IntegerField()
+                    output_field=IntegerField()
                 ),
             ),
             [(o, 2, 4)],
@@ -1152,9 +1154,9 @@ class CaseExpressionTests(TestCase):
     def test_m2m_exclude(self):
         CaseTestModel.objects.create(integer=10, integer2=1, string='1')
         qs = CaseTestModel.objects.values_list('id', 'integer').annotate(
-            cnt=models.Sum(
+            cnt=Sum(
                 Case(When(~Q(fk_rel__integer=1), then=1), default=2),
-                output_field=models.IntegerField()
+                output_field=IntegerField()
             ),
         ).order_by('integer')
         # The first o has 2 as its fk_rel__integer=1, thus it hits the
@@ -1174,14 +1176,14 @@ class CaseExpressionTests(TestCase):
         # Need to use values before annotate so that Oracle will not group
         # by fields it isn't capable of grouping by.
         qs = CaseTestModel.objects.values_list('id', 'integer').annotate(
-            cnt=models.Sum(
+            cnt=Sum(
                 Case(When(~Q(fk_rel__integer=1), then=1), default=2),
-                output_field=models.IntegerField()
+                output_field=IntegerField()
             ),
         ).annotate(
-            cnt2=models.Sum(
+            cnt2=Sum(
                 Case(When(~Q(fk_rel__integer=1), then=1), default=2),
-                output_field=models.IntegerField()
+                output_field=IntegerField()
             ),
         ).order_by('integer')
         self.assertEqual(str(qs.query).count(' JOIN '), 1)
@@ -1218,7 +1220,7 @@ class CaseDocumentationExamples(TestCase):
                     When(account_type=Client.GOLD, then=Value('5%')),
                     When(account_type=Client.PLATINUM, then=Value('10%')),
                     default=Value('0%'),
-                    output_field=models.CharField(),
+                    output_field=CharField(),
                 ),
             ).order_by('pk'),
             [('Jane Doe', '0%'), ('James Smith', '5%'), ('Jack Black', '10%')],
@@ -1234,7 +1236,7 @@ class CaseDocumentationExamples(TestCase):
                     When(registered_on__lte=a_year_ago, then=Value('10%')),
                     When(registered_on__lte=a_month_ago, then=Value('5%')),
                     default=Value('0%'),
-                    output_field=models.CharField(),
+                    output_field=CharField(),
                 ),
             ).order_by('pk'),
             [('Jane Doe', '5%'), ('James Smith', '0%'), ('Jack Black', '10%')],
@@ -1275,26 +1277,26 @@ class CaseDocumentationExamples(TestCase):
         )
         self.assertEqual(
             Client.objects.aggregate(
-                regular=models.Count('pk', filter=Q(account_type=Client.REGULAR)),
-                gold=models.Count('pk', filter=Q(account_type=Client.GOLD)),
-                platinum=models.Count('pk', filter=Q(account_type=Client.PLATINUM)),
+                regular=Count('pk', filter=Q(account_type=Client.REGULAR)),
+                gold=Count('pk', filter=Q(account_type=Client.GOLD)),
+                platinum=Count('pk', filter=Q(account_type=Client.PLATINUM)),
             ),
             {'regular': 2, 'gold': 1, 'platinum': 3}
         )
         # This was the example before the filter argument was added.
         self.assertEqual(
             Client.objects.aggregate(
-                regular=models.Sum(Case(
+                regular=Sum(Case(
                     When(account_type=Client.REGULAR, then=1),
-                    output_field=models.IntegerField(),
+                    output_field=IntegerField(),
                 )),
-                gold=models.Sum(Case(
+                gold=Sum(Case(
                     When(account_type=Client.GOLD, then=1),
-                    output_field=models.IntegerField(),
+                    output_field=IntegerField(),
                 )),
-                platinum=models.Sum(Case(
+                platinum=Sum(Case(
                     When(account_type=Client.PLATINUM, then=1),
-                    output_field=models.IntegerField(),
+                    output_field=IntegerField(),
                 )),
             ),
             {'regular': 2, 'gold': 1, 'platinum': 3}
@@ -1318,12 +1320,12 @@ class CaseDocumentationExamples(TestCase):
         expression_1 = Case(
             When(account_type__in=[Client.REGULAR, Client.GOLD], then=1),
             default=2,
-            output_field=models.IntegerField(),
+            output_field=IntegerField(),
         )
         expression_2 = Case(
             When(account_type__in=(Client.REGULAR, Client.GOLD), then=1),
             default=2,
-            output_field=models.IntegerField(),
+            output_field=IntegerField(),
         )
         expression_3 = Case(When(account_type__in=[Client.REGULAR, Client.GOLD], then=1), default=2)
         expression_4 = Case(When(account_type__in=[Client.PLATINUM, Client.GOLD], then=2), default=1)
@@ -1347,7 +1349,7 @@ class CaseWhenTests(SimpleTestCase):
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(TypeError, msg):
             When(condition=object())
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(TypeError, msg):
-            When(condition=Value(1, output_field=models.IntegerField()))
+            When(condition=Value(1, output_field=IntegerField()))
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(TypeError, msg):
             When()
 

tests/expressions_window/tests.py

@@ -4,10 +4,9 @@ from unittest import mock, skipIf
 from django.core.exceptions import FieldError
 from django.db import NotSupportedError, connection
 from django.db.models import (
-    BooleanField, Case, F, Func, OuterRef, Q, RowRange, Subquery, Value,
-    ValueRange, When, Window, WindowFrame,
+    Avg, BooleanField, Case, F, Func, Max, Min, OuterRef, Q, RowRange,
+    Subquery, Sum, Value, ValueRange, When, Window, WindowFrame,
 )
-from django.db.models.aggregates import Avg, Max, Min, Sum
 from django.db.models.functions import (
     CumeDist, DenseRank, ExtractYear, FirstValue, Lag, LastValue, Lead,
     NthValue, Ntile, PercentRank, Rank, RowNumber, Upper,

tests/foreign_object/models/customers.py

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 from django.db import models
-from django.db.models.fields.related import ForeignObject
 
 
 class Address(models.Model):
@@ -15,7 +14,7 @@ class Address(models.Model):
 class Customer(models.Model):
     company = models.CharField(max_length=1)
     customer_id = models.IntegerField()
-    address = ForeignObject(
+    address = models.ForeignObject(
         Address, models.CASCADE, null=True,
         # order mismatches the Contact ForeignObject.
         from_fields=['company', 'customer_id'],
@@ -31,7 +30,7 @@ class Customer(models.Model):
 class Contact(models.Model):
     company_code = models.CharField(max_length=1)
     customer_code = models.IntegerField()
-    customer = ForeignObject(
+    customer = models.ForeignObject(
         Customer, models.CASCADE, related_name='contacts',
         to_fields=['customer_id', 'company'],
         from_fields=['customer_code', 'company_code'],

tests/foreign_object/models/empty_join.py

@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
 from django.db import models
-from django.db.models.fields.related import (
-    ForeignObjectRel, ReverseManyToOneDescriptor,
-)
+from django.db.models.fields.related import ReverseManyToOneDescriptor
 from django.db.models.lookups import StartsWith
 from django.db.models.query_utils import PathInfo
 
 
-class CustomForeignObjectRel(ForeignObjectRel):
+class CustomForeignObjectRel(models.ForeignObjectRel):
     """
     Define some extra Field methods so this Rel acts more like a Field, which
     lets us use ReverseManyToOneDescriptor in both directions.

tests/foreign_object/tests.py

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ from operator import attrgetter
 
 from django.core.exceptions import FieldError
 from django.db import models
-from django.db.models.fields.related import ForeignObject
 from django.test import SimpleTestCase, TestCase, skipUnlessDBFeature
 from django.test.utils import isolate_apps
 from django.utils import translation
@@ -436,7 +435,7 @@ class TestModelCheckTests(SimpleTestCase):
             a = models.PositiveIntegerField()
             b = models.PositiveIntegerField()
             value = models.CharField(max_length=255)
-            parent = ForeignObject(
+            parent = models.ForeignObject(
                 Parent,
                 on_delete=models.SET_NULL,
                 from_fields=('a', 'b'),
@@ -461,7 +460,7 @@ class TestModelCheckTests(SimpleTestCase):
             b = models.PositiveIntegerField()
             c = models.PositiveIntegerField()
             d = models.CharField(max_length=255)
-            parent = ForeignObject(
+            parent = models.ForeignObject(
                 Parent,
                 on_delete=models.SET_NULL,
                 from_fields=('a', 'b', 'c'),

tests/generic_relations_regress/models.py

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ from django.contrib.contenttypes.fields import (
 )
 from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
 from django.db import models
-from django.db.models.deletion import ProtectedError
 
 __all__ = ('Link', 'Place', 'Restaurant', 'Person', 'Address',
            'CharLink', 'TextLink', 'OddRelation1', 'OddRelation2',
@@ -214,7 +213,7 @@ class Related(models.Model):
 
 
 def prevent_deletes(sender, instance, **kwargs):
-    raise ProtectedError("Not allowed to delete.", [instance])
+    raise models.ProtectedError("Not allowed to delete.", [instance])
 
 
 models.signals.pre_delete.connect(prevent_deletes, sender=Node)

tests/generic_relations_regress/tests.py

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
-from django.db.models import Q, Sum
-from django.db.models.deletion import ProtectedError
-from django.db.utils import IntegrityError
+from django.db import IntegrityError
+from django.db.models import ProtectedError, Q, Sum
 from django.forms.models import modelform_factory
 from django.test import TestCase, skipIfDBFeature
 

tests/gis_tests/test_fields.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import copy
 
-from django.contrib.gis.db.models.fields import GeometryField
+from django.contrib.gis.db.models import GeometryField
 from django.contrib.gis.db.models.sql import AreaField, DistanceField
 from django.test import SimpleTestCase
 

tests/gis_tests/test_gis_tests_utils.py

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 from django.db import connection, models
-from django.db.models.expressions import Func
 from django.test import SimpleTestCase
 
 from .utils import FuncTestMixin
@@ -8,7 +7,7 @@ from .utils import FuncTestMixin
 def test_mutation(raises=True):
     def wrapper(mutation_func):
         def test(test_case_instance, *args, **kwargs):
-            class TestFunc(Func):
+            class TestFunc(models.Func):
                 output_field = models.IntegerField()
 
                 def __init__(self):

tests/gis_tests/utils.py

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ from unittest import mock
 
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.db import DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS, connection
-from django.db.models.expressions import Func
+from django.db.models import Func
 
 
 def skipUnlessGISLookup(*gis_lookups):

tests/indexes/tests.py

@@ -2,10 +2,7 @@ import datetime
 from unittest import skipIf, skipUnless
 
 from django.db import connection
-from django.db.models import Index
-from django.db.models.deletion import CASCADE
-from django.db.models.fields.related import ForeignKey
-from django.db.models.query_utils import Q
+from django.db.models import CASCADE, ForeignKey, Index, Q
 from django.test import (
     TestCase, TransactionTestCase, skipIfDBFeature, skipUnlessDBFeature,
 )

tests/introspection/tests.py

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 from unittest import mock, skipUnless
 
-from django.db import connection
+from django.db import DatabaseError, connection
 from django.db.models import Index
-from django.db.utils import DatabaseError
 from django.test import TransactionTestCase, skipUnlessDBFeature
 
 from .models import (

tests/invalid_models_tests/test_relative_fields.py

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ from unittest import mock
 
 from django.core.checks import Error, Warning as DjangoWarning
 from django.db import connection, models
-from django.db.models.fields.related import ForeignObject
 from django.test.testcases import SimpleTestCase
 from django.test.utils import isolate_apps, override_settings
 
@@ -608,7 +607,7 @@ class RelativeFieldTests(SimpleTestCase):
         class Child(models.Model):
             a = models.PositiveIntegerField()
             b = models.PositiveIntegerField()
-            parent = ForeignObject(
+            parent = models.ForeignObject(
                 Parent,
                 on_delete=models.SET_NULL,
                 from_fields=('a', 'b'),
@@ -633,7 +632,7 @@ class RelativeFieldTests(SimpleTestCase):
         class Child(models.Model):
             a = models.PositiveIntegerField()
             b = models.PositiveIntegerField()
-            parent = ForeignObject(
+            parent = models.ForeignObject(
                 'invalid_models_tests.Parent',
                 on_delete=models.SET_NULL,
                 from_fields=('a', 'b'),
@@ -1441,7 +1440,7 @@ class M2mThroughFieldsTests(SimpleTestCase):
             a = models.PositiveIntegerField()
             b = models.PositiveIntegerField()
             value = models.CharField(max_length=255)
-            parent = ForeignObject(
+            parent = models.ForeignObject(
                 Parent,
                 on_delete=models.SET_NULL,
                 from_fields=('a', 'b'),
@@ -1477,7 +1476,7 @@ class M2mThroughFieldsTests(SimpleTestCase):
             b = models.PositiveIntegerField()
             d = models.PositiveIntegerField()
             value = models.CharField(max_length=255)
-            parent = ForeignObject(
+            parent = models.ForeignObject(
                 Parent,
                 on_delete=models.SET_NULL,
                 from_fields=('a', 'b', 'd'),

tests/lookup/test_decimalfield.py

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-from django.db.models.aggregates import Sum
-from django.db.models.expressions import F
+from django.db.models import F, Sum
 from django.test import TestCase
 
 from .models import Product, Stock

tests/lookup/test_lookups.py

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 from datetime import datetime
 
-from django.db.models import Value
-from django.db.models.fields import DateTimeField
+from django.db.models import DateTimeField, Value
 from django.db.models.lookups import YearLookup
 from django.test import SimpleTestCase
 

tests/lookup/tests.py

@@ -5,8 +5,7 @@ from operator import attrgetter
 
 from django.core.exceptions import FieldError
 from django.db import connection
-from django.db.models import Max
-from django.db.models.expressions import Exists, OuterRef
+from django.db.models import Exists, Max, OuterRef
 from django.db.models.functions import Substr
 from django.test import TestCase, skipUnlessDBFeature
 from django.utils.deprecation import RemovedInDjango40Warning

tests/many_to_one/tests.py

@@ -2,8 +2,7 @@ import datetime
 from copy import deepcopy
 
 from django.core.exceptions import FieldError, MultipleObjectsReturned
-from django.db import models, transaction
-from django.db.utils import IntegrityError
+from django.db import IntegrityError, models, transaction
 from django.test import TestCase
 from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy
 

tests/migrations/test_executor.py

@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 from unittest import mock
 
 from django.apps.registry import apps as global_apps
-from django.db import connection
+from django.db import DatabaseError, connection
 from django.db.migrations.exceptions import InvalidMigrationPlan
 from django.db.migrations.executor import MigrationExecutor
 from django.db.migrations.graph import MigrationGraph
 from django.db.migrations.recorder import MigrationRecorder
-from django.db.utils import DatabaseError
 from django.test import (
     SimpleTestCase, modify_settings, override_settings, skipUnlessDBFeature,
 )

tests/migrations/test_operations.py

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 from django.core.exceptions import FieldDoesNotExist
-from django.db import connection, migrations, models, transaction
+from django.db import (
+    IntegrityError, connection, migrations, models, transaction,
+)
 from django.db.migrations.migration import Migration
 from django.db.migrations.operations import CreateModel
 from django.db.migrations.operations.fields import FieldOperation
 from django.db.migrations.state import ModelState, ProjectState
-from django.db.models.fields import NOT_PROVIDED
 from django.db.transaction import atomic
-from django.db.utils import IntegrityError
 from django.test import SimpleTestCase, override_settings, skipUnlessDBFeature
 
 from .models import FoodManager, FoodQuerySet, UnicodeModel
@@ -979,7 +979,7 @@ class OperationTests(OperationTestBase):
             f for n, f in new_state.models["test_adflpd", "pony"].fields
             if n == "height"
         ][0]
-        self.assertEqual(field.default, NOT_PROVIDED)
+        self.assertEqual(field.default, models.NOT_PROVIDED)
         # Test the database alteration
         project_state.apps.get_model("test_adflpd", "pony").objects.create(
             weight=4,

tests/model_fields/models.py

@@ -8,10 +8,7 @@ from django.contrib.contenttypes.fields import (
 from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
 from django.core.files.storage import FileSystemStorage
 from django.db import models
-from django.db.models.fields.files import ImageField, ImageFieldFile
-from django.db.models.fields.related import (
-    ForeignKey, ForeignObject, ManyToManyField, OneToOneField,
-)
+from django.db.models.fields.files import ImageFieldFile
 from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _
 
 try:
@@ -255,7 +252,7 @@ if Image:
             self.was_opened = True
             super().open()
 
-    class TestImageField(ImageField):
+    class TestImageField(models.ImageField):
         attr_class = TestImageFieldFile
 
     # Set up a temp directory for file storage.
@@ -359,20 +356,20 @@ class AllFieldsModel(models.Model):
     url = models.URLField()
     uuid = models.UUIDField()
 
-    fo = ForeignObject(
+    fo = models.ForeignObject(
         'self',
         on_delete=models.CASCADE,
         from_fields=['positive_integer'],
         to_fields=['id'],
         related_name='reverse'
     )
-    fk = ForeignKey(
+    fk = models.ForeignKey(
         'self',
         models.CASCADE,
         related_name='reverse2'
     )
-    m2m = ManyToManyField('self')
-    oto = OneToOneField('self', models.CASCADE)
+    m2m = models.ManyToManyField('self')
+    oto = models.OneToOneField('self', models.CASCADE)
 
     object_id = models.PositiveIntegerField()
     content_type = models.ForeignKey(ContentType, models.CASCADE)

tests/model_fields/test_field_flags.py

@@ -3,15 +3,11 @@ from django.contrib.contenttypes.fields import (
     GenericForeignKey, GenericRelation,
 )
 from django.db import models
-from django.db.models.fields.related import (
-    ForeignKey, ForeignObject, ForeignObjectRel, ManyToManyField, ManyToOneRel,
-    OneToOneField,
-)
 
 from .models import AllFieldsModel
 
 NON_CONCRETE_FIELDS = (
-    ForeignObject,
+    models.ForeignObject,
     GenericForeignKey,
     GenericRelation,
 )
@@ -23,32 +19,32 @@ NON_EDITABLE_FIELDS = (
 )
 
 RELATION_FIELDS = (
-    ForeignKey,
-    ForeignObject,
-    ManyToManyField,
-    OneToOneField,
+    models.ForeignKey,
+    models.ForeignObject,
+    models.ManyToManyField,
+    models.OneToOneField,
     GenericForeignKey,
     GenericRelation,
 )
 
 MANY_TO_MANY_CLASSES = {
-    ManyToManyField,
+    models.ManyToManyField,
 }
 
 MANY_TO_ONE_CLASSES = {
-    ForeignObject,
-    ForeignKey,
+    models.ForeignObject,
+    models.ForeignKey,
     GenericForeignKey,
 }
 
 ONE_TO_MANY_CLASSES = {
-    ForeignObjectRel,
-    ManyToOneRel,
+    models.ForeignObjectRel,
+    models.ManyToOneRel,
     GenericRelation,
 }
 
 ONE_TO_ONE_CLASSES = {
-    OneToOneField,
+    models.OneToOneField,
 }
 
 FLAG_PROPERTIES = (

tests/model_fields/test_filefield.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from pathlib import Path
 from django.core.files import File, temp
 from django.core.files.base import ContentFile
 from django.core.files.uploadedfile import TemporaryUploadedFile
-from django.db.utils import IntegrityError
+from django.db import IntegrityError
 from django.test import TestCase, override_settings
 
 from .models import Document

tests/model_fields/test_promises.py

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 import datetime
 from decimal import Decimal
 
-from django.db.models.fields import (
+from django.db.models import (
     AutoField, BinaryField, BooleanField, CharField, DateField, DateTimeField,
-    DecimalField, EmailField, FilePathField, FloatField, GenericIPAddressField,
-    IntegerField, IPAddressField, NullBooleanField, PositiveBigIntegerField,
-    PositiveIntegerField, PositiveSmallIntegerField, SlugField,
-    SmallIntegerField, TextField, TimeField, URLField,
+    DecimalField, EmailField, FileField, FilePathField, FloatField,
+    GenericIPAddressField, ImageField, IntegerField, IPAddressField,
+    NullBooleanField, PositiveBigIntegerField, PositiveIntegerField,
+    PositiveSmallIntegerField, SlugField, SmallIntegerField, TextField,
+    TimeField, URLField,
 )
-from django.db.models.fields.files import FileField, ImageField
 from django.test import SimpleTestCase
 from django.utils.functional import lazy